Unit One .. Crossing Barriers ..

Main Vocabulary :
Barrier (n) ‫ مانع‬-‫خاجز‬ Multilingual(adj) ‫متعدد اللػات‬
Factors (n) ‫عوامل‬ Religion (n) ‫الديانى‬
Celebrities (n) ‫مشاهجر‬ Language (n) ‫لػى‬
Expand (v) ‫ يتمدد‬/ ‫يتوسع‬ Websites (n) ‫موقع علٍ النت‬
Impression (n) ‫انطباع‬ Peace talks (n) ‫مخادثات السالم‬
A threat to ‫توديد ل‬ Holiday makers (n) ‫صناع االجازات‬
Yell (v) ‫يصجد‬ Negotiation ‫مفاوضات‬
Weep (v) ٍ‫يبك‬ Products and services(n) ‫منتجات وذدمات‬
Whisper (v) ‫يومس‬ World politics (n) ‫سجاسى العالم‬
Giggle (v) ‫يقوقى‬ Cultural diversity (n) ‫انصوار خضارى‬
Culture (n) ‫ثقافى‬ Linguistics difficulties ٌ‫صعوبات لػوي‬
Benefits (n) ‫مزايا‬ Conduct business ‫يؤدى عمل تجارى‬
Fields (n) ‫مجاالت‬ Professional use ‫استذدام معترف‬
Proficient (adj) ‫كفء‬ World markets ‫االسواق العالمجى‬
Access (v) ‫يستذدم‬ The media (n) ‫وسائل االعالم‬
Conduct (v) ‫ينظم‬ International trade (n) ‫التجاره الدولجى‬
Adapt to (v) ‫يتكجف‬ Tourism(n) ‫سجاخى‬
Guaranteed ‫مضمون‬ Colloquial Language ٌ‫اللػٌ العامج‬
Pace (n) ‫ وتجرة‬/ ٌ‫سرع‬ Regional accent (n) ٌ‫ اقلجمج‬/ ٌ‫لوجٌ مخلج‬
Apparent to (adj) ‫واضد ل‬ Mother tongue ‫اللػى االم‬
Drawbacks (n) ‫عوائق‬ Graffiti ‫الكتابٌ علٍ الجدران‬
Yawn (v) ‫يتثاءب‬ Sign Language ‫لػٌ االشارة‬
Local companies ‫شركات مخلجى‬ Gestures ‫ تلمجخات‬/ ‫اشارات‬
Credit card details ‫تفاصجل كارت االئتمان‬ Clap (v) ‫يصفق‬
Personal(adj) ٍ‫شذص‬ Whistle (v) ‫يصفر‬
Impersonal(adj) ٍ‫ غجر شذص‬-‫غجر ودى‬ Inefficient(adj) ‫غجر كفء‬-‫غجر فعال‬
Efficient(adj) ‫كفء‬ Economical(adj) ‫اقتصادى‬
Costly(adj ) ‫مكلف‬ Informal(adj) ٍ‫غجر رسم‬
Formal(adj) ٍ‫رسم‬ Unreliable(adj) ‫اليمكن االعتماد علجى‬
Complicated(adj) ‫معقد‬ Reliable(adj) ‫يمكن االعتماد علجى‬
Prepositions
Hear from ‫يسمع من‬ Whisper to ٍ‫يومس ال‬
Bump into ‫يقابل‬ Write a letter to ‫يكتب ذطاب ل‬
Wave at ‫يشجر‬ Wink at ٍ‫يػمز ال‬
Connect with ‫يتصل ب‬ Shake hands with ‫يخدد مجعاد‬
Glare at ٍ‫يبخلق ف‬ Make an appointment with ‫يصافد يد‬
Shout at / to ً‫يصرخ ف‬ Have a meeting with ‫يتقابل مع‬

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 Phrasal Verbs ..
Switch sth off - stop sth working for electrical devices ‫ يػلق‬/ ً‫يطف‬
Put sb through - connect by phone ‫يوصل شذص بشذص تلفونجا‬
Hang on - wait for a short while ‫ينتظر علٍ الذط‬
Run out - have no more of sth left ً‫ ينتو‬/ ‫ينفذ‬
Cut off - disconnected ‫يقطع االتصال‬
Get through - reach someone in a call ‫يصل الً تلفونجا‬

Call sb back - call again in return for a phone call ‫يعجد االتصال‬
Hang up - to end a telephone conversation ‫ينوً اتصاال تلفونجا‬
Fixed phrases and Idioms ..
I'm a little out of touch with ‫علٍ معرفى قلجلى من‬
Get hold of ‫يتصل‬
Lose touch with ‫يفقد االتصال بشذص‬
Lose contact with ‫يفقد االتصال بشئ‬
Hold the line ‫يبقٍ علٍ الذط‬
Come into contact with ‫يبقٍ علٍ اتصال ب‬
Speak your mind ً‫يعبر عن رايى الشذص‬

Choose Questions ( Very Important )

1) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- I didn’t mean to upset her, it was a figure of........
a) speech b)talk c)language d) accent
2- German is his mother ..... although he also Speaks excellent French.
a) speech b) talk c) language d)tongue
3- It’s sometimes difficult to understand someone who has a strong regional ………
a)language b) talk c)accent d)speech
4- Jane speaks French so well; you’d think she was a/an .........speaker
a)origin b) original c)Native d) minor .
5- The official .............. of the Netherlands is Dutch.
a)speech b) talk c) language d) accent
6- We made some ..... small about the weather and went on to talk about the contract
a)speech b) talk c) language d) accent
7- Why do you keep......Because I Didn’t go to bed .until late last night.
a)yawning b) yelling c) whistling d) whispering?
8- Why do you keep.........Because I Don’t want to disturb the others.
a)yawning b) yelling c) whistling d) whisperin ?
9- I’d like to.........a table for five for Thursday evening, please!
a)ask b)take c) apply d) book
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10-...........up or we’ll be late for the meeting.
a)Hurry b) Quick c)Fast d)Quicken
11- Immigrants bring cultural..........to a Country.
a)variety b)Various c) difference d)Diversity
12- They look so alike; it’s difficult to......the difference Between them.
a)say b) tell c) speak d)talk
13- I haven’t been in a classroom for years, so I’m a little out of .. with recent mean
a)touch b) contact c)Hold d) loss
14- Please ......the line while I check to see if the doctor is in his office.
a)hold b) wait c)lose d)get
15- Jane bumped ........ an old school friend in town yesterday.
a)at b)in c)to d)into
16-I tried to call him on his mobile several times, but he had........it off.
a)switched b) hanged c)put d)called
17- Waiter! This food is awful! I’d like to.........a complaint.
a)make b)put c)do d) ask
18- The teacher glared......the children who were not paying Attention.
a)to b)with c)at d) for
19- It’s a surprise, so don’t ........ a word.
a)tell b)say c)speak d) talk
20-Jack speaks four languages, but his...........language Is English.
a)origin b) minor c) major d) first
21-She still has a/an.........accent even though she has lived abroad for twenty years!
a)area b) local c) nation d) regional
22-They are more likely to have the flexibility to be able to........quickly to changes.
a)adopt b)adapt c)afford d)Suit
23-German is her...........tongue but she’s also fluent In English.
a)mother b) original c) naïve d) local
24-I think sending a text message is.........Because each message costs much less
than a phone call.
a)economic b)costly c) economical d)cosy
25-It’s possible to.........the internet from our Mobile phones.
a)accept b) accent c) access d)excess
26-She leaned over and..........quietly in his ear.
a)clapped b)wept c) whispered d)yawned
27- I ......... him a quick note, and left it on the table.
a)received b)sent c)wrote d) answered

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29-She is such a chatterbox, she..........non-stops.
a)talks b) tells c) speaks d) says
30-He is always a big liar, he never...........the truth.
a)tells b) speaks c)says d)talks
31-Come on,........your mind. I want your honest opinion.
a)say b)tell c)talk d)speak
31-It’s a surprise, so don’t ............... her
a)say b)tell c)talk d)speak
32-The harbour master lost...........with the ship.
a)touch b) contact c) hold d) loss
33-I haven’t heard...........Kim for about a month.
a)to b)from c)about d)with
34-The teacher glared.......the children who were not paying Attention.
a)to b)with c)at d) for
35-We have been trying for ages to..........through, but I can’t.
a)put b)get c)cut d)call
Rewrite Questions ( Very Important )
3) Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets:
1. There is a cultural variety. It might disappear. (a threat)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. It’s possible to log onto the internet on our mobile phones. (access)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Unluckily, they got low marks in their exams. (Unfortunately)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. He feels sleepy because he’s very tired. (yawning)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. German is his first language although he also speaks excellent French (tongue)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Move quickly! We are late for work. (Hurry)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Why do you stare at me ? (glare)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. They had outdated knowledge about this subject. (touch)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Please! Express yourself. (Speak)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 Grammar
Articles ( A - An - The - No Article )
‫ فً الكالم‬A / An ‫استذدامات‬
A nice car / An interesting story .. ‫ تستذدم قبل صفٌ متبوعٌ باسم مفرد مثل‬
1. Are you reading a book?" Yes, I'm reading……….interesting book.
a. an b. no article c. the d. a
2. She has bought ……..new mobile.
a. a b. on c. the d. no article
A teacher / An engineer .. ‫ تستذدم قبل اسم الوظجفٌ المفرد مثل‬
3. She works as ……… engineer.
a. a b. an c. the d. no article
.. ‫ تستذدم قبل اسم المفرد المجرد الػجر مخدد مثل‬
She bought a car yesterday – I met an old lady
4. Anas saw ................ accident in the street yesterday .
a. a b. an c. the d. no article
5. She gave me ....... pen as i didn't have one .
a. a b. an c. the d. no article
A uniform / A unit .. a ‫ يو يتم معاملتى كخرف ساكن و يأذذ‬U ‫ اذا تم نطق خرف ال‬
6. He got his degrees from ……university in Finaland.
a. a b. an c. the d. no article
A litre / A bottle / A slice / a bar / a piece .. ‫ تستذدم قبل بعض الكلمات مثل‬
7. I ate ………. slice of meat .
a. a b. an c. the d. no article
‫ فً الكالم‬The ‫استذدامات‬
I saw a car . The car is amazing .. ‫ تستذدم اذا تم ذكر االسم مرتجن فً الجملٌ مثل‬
8. He gave a pen and a ruler, but ………pen did not work.
a. a b. an c. the d. no article
The red sea / river / ocean .. ‫ تستذدم قبل أسماء االنوار و البخار و المخجطات مثل‬
9. ……….Amazon is the longest river in South America.
a. A b. An c. The d. Mo article
ٌ‫ تستذدم قبل أسماء االذتراعات اذا جاءت فً بدايٌ الجمل‬
10. ………..mobile phone was invented in 1947.
a. No article b. An c. The d. A
(play / listen / teach / learn ‫ تستذدم مع أسماء االالت الموسجقجٌ مع وجود هذه االفعال‬
11. She always plays ........ piano on Friday .
a. A b. An c. The d. No article
A / an ‫ اما اذا جاءت مع أفعال اذري غجرهم تستذدم‬
12. She bought ........ piano on Friday .
a. A b. An c. The d. No article
‫ ( و ايضا مع هذه الكلمات‬the tallest / longest ) est ‫ تستذدم مع الصفات المضاف الجوا‬
( the best / most / the least / The first .. The second )
13. This is …….first time that we have seen the Sphinx.
a. a b. an c. no article d. the
14. This is ........... most interesting film i have ever seen .
a. A b. An c. The d. No article

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 ‫ تستذدم عند تخديد و تذصجص االسم و يجب علجك ان تتاكد من وجود جملتجن يشجروا الً هذا االسم‬
15. ………present she bought pleased her mother.
a. A b. An c. The d. No article
16. She lost .......... camera I gave her last week .
a. A b. An c. The d. No article
‫ تستذدم عند تخديد و تذصجص االسم و يجب علجك ان تتاكد من وجود جملتجن يشجروا الً هذا االسم‬
17. ………present she bought pleased her mother.
a. A b. An c. The d. No article
18. She lost .......... camera I gave her last week .
a. A b. An c. The d. No article
‫ تستذدم مع الجبال الجمع و مع الدول المركبٌ و قبل الصفات لنشجر للجمع‬
19. The rich should help ………poor.
a. a b. an c. no article d. the
20. ……….. Education in Egypt needs to be improved totally .
a. No article b. An c. The d. A
21. ……….. Lions in Africa are endangered so we need to protect them .
a. No article b. An c. The d. A
No Article .. ‫عدم استذدام أى اداة فً الكالم‬
‫ ال تستذدم أى اداة قبل المواد الدراسجٌ و االلعاب و اللػات و المواد الذام و المدن و الدول و القارات و بعضض‬
‫انواع الطعام و الشراب و قبل االماكن اذا كان ذكرها من اجل غرض الذي بنجت لى‬
1. We can't live without……..water.
a. a b. an c. no article d. the
2. WE live in ......... Italy.
a. a b. an c. no article d. the
3. ..... Education and tourism are the main sources for the national income.
a. No article b. An c. The d. A
4. ……….. lions are very dangerous animals.
a. No article b. An c. The d. A
5. he went to ………prison as he robbed the bank.
a. a b. an c. no article d. the
Rewrite Questions ( Very Important )
1- This is my sister . She is kind . ( an )
an ‫سوف نجعل الجملتجن فً جملٌ واخدة عن طريق وضع االسم بعد الصفٌ و لكن ال بد ان تسبق الصفٌ ب‬
= My sister is a kind girl .
Practice ..
- This is my brother . He is Honest . ( an )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- I bought a car . It is blue . ( The )
‫ ثم جملتجن‬Which ‫ ثم االسم و بعدها نضع ضمجر الوصل لػجر العاقل‬The ‫سوف نبدا الجملٌ ب‬
= The car which I bought , is blue .
Practice ..
- I sold the house . It is spacious . ( The )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
- I met the man . He is a lawyer . ( The )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 3- My father gave me some advice . (a)
Advice ٌ‫ مع كلم‬a piece of ٌ‫سوف نستذدم كلم‬
= My father gave me a piece of advice.
Practice ..
- My teacher gave me some advice . (a)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
4- My mother bought Jam . (a)
Jam ٌ‫ مع كلم‬a Jar of ٌ‫سوف نستذدم كلم‬
= My mother bought a jar of jam .
Practice ..
- My father bought honey . (a)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
4- Rich people should help poor people . ( The )
People ‫ لكً نشجر الً الجمع و نخذف‬poor ٌ‫ قبل الصف‬The ٌ‫سوف نستذدم كلم‬
= The rich should help the poor .
Practice ..
- Young people should care for their old parents
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2) He returned to his house very tired. ( home )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3) He was imprisoned for murder. (prison)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4) We must give a hand to people who are sick. (the)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Distributives
All … ‫ اسم جمع‬.. ‫فعل جمع‬ .. All cars are expensive nowadays .
All … ‫ اسم مفرد ال يعد‬..‫ فعل مفرد‬.. All the food in this restaurant is delicious .
More Examples :
- All my friends are away at university. - All tickets cost 25 pounds.
Both
:‫ بمعنٍ كالهما وتستذدم عندما نشجر إلٍ شجئجن أو شذصجن وتستذدم فٍ االثبات‬both
Both … ‫ اسم جمع‬..‫فعل جمع‬ .. Both those chairs are broken.
Both … and … ‫ اسم جمع‬..‫ فعل جمع‬.. Both Ali and Ahmed are kind .
Either ‫تشجر الً شذصجن او شجئجن او مجموعتجن‬
 Either … ‫ اسم يعد مفرد‬.. ‫فعل مفرد‬
- Either camera gives you a clear photo .
- You can visit me on Sunday or Monday . Either day is fine by me
 Either of … ‫ اسم جمع‬.. ‫فعل مفرد او جمع‬
 Either of them … ‫ فعل مفرد او جمع‬.. Either of them is suitable for this job .
Note this ..
‫ فً نوايٌ الجملٌ المنفجٌ بمعنً ايضا‬either ‫الخظ انى يمكن استذدام‬
- I don’t like coffee . she doesn't like coffee either .
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 Neither ً‫تشجر الً شذصجن او شجئجن او مجموعتجن لوا معنً النف‬
 Neither … ‫ اسم يعد مفرد‬.. ‫فعل مفرد‬
- Neither answer is correct.
 Neither of … ‫ اسم جمع‬.. ‫فعل مفرد او جمع‬
 Neither of them … ‫ فعل مفرد او جمع‬.. Neither of them is going to the park.
None ( = no one or no item ) ‫الفعل معوا مفرد‬
 None of us plays football well .
 None of them is early for work .
Another ( = extra one ) ‫تستذدم مع االسم المفرد المعدود‬
 Shall I give you another glass of water ?
Whole …… ‫تستذدم مع االسم المفرد المعدود‬
 I spent the whole holiday in Alex .
Note this ..
( a / the / this / my ….. ) ‫ مع‬Whole ‫الخظ انى يمكن استذدام‬
 He ate the whole cake this morning .
Some / Any
Some Any
Positive sentence Negative sentence
- There's some milk in the bottle - There isn't any milk in the bottle
Questions ( Request / Offer ) Questions
- Can I have some pepsi , please ? - Have you got any sisters ?
- Would you like to drink some tea ? - Is there any salt in the food ?

Every / Each
Every ( refers to three or more people things) ‫مجموعٌ من الناس او االشجاء معا‬
 Every house in the village has a red front door. ‫الخظ الفعل يعامل مفرد‬
Each ( refers to two people or things) ‫مجموعٌ من الناس او االشجاء منفصلجن كل واخد علٍ خدة‬
 She spoke to each person in turn . = One at a time ‫الخظ الفعل يعامل مفرد‬
Too
.. ٌ‫ الخظ الخاالت االتج‬.. ً‫تاتً بمعنً جدا و لوا معنً سلب‬
( ...... too + adjective / adverb + to + inf. ) ‫جدا لدرجٌ ان‬
( .. too + ....... for sb/sth ) ‫جدا ل‬
( ....... too + ........ for sb/sth + to + inf ) ‫جدا لدرجٌ ان‬
e.g. He is too short to play basketball.
e.g. The sea is too cold to swim in .
e.g. The skirt is too small for me .
e.g. The question is too difficult for me to answer .

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 Enough
.. ٌ‫ الخظ الخاالت االتج‬.. ً‫تاتً بمعنً بقدر كافً و لوا معنً ايجاب‬
( .... adjective / adverb + enough + to + inf )
( Not + adjective / adverb + enough to + inf )
( ... enough + noun + to + inf )
e.g. He is tall enough to play basketball.
e.g. He is strong enough to carry the box .
e.g. He didn't do well enough to pass this exam .
e.g. There is enough time to finish our project .
Countable/Uncountable Nouns
Countable nouns are those that can be counted.
e.g. one box, two boxes, etc.
Note this ..
They take a singular verb with the singular and a plural verb with
the plural.
e.g. This book is mine. e.g. These books are mine.
They take (a/an) before their singular.
e.g. - a man - an egg.
They take (many/few/several) before their plural.
e.g. - many men - few eggs.

Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted.

e.g. water/bread, etc.
They take a singular verb only.
e.g. Water is necessary.
They don't take (a/an) before them.
e.g. I drank a water. (x)
They take ( much, little , amount of , a lot of ……… )
e.g. much work , little information.
Uncountable nouns: include
(mass nouns, sports, subjects of study,languages, diseases, some
natural phenomena, collective nouns, certain other nouns)
e.g. advice /tennis /English /cancer / thunder / news / money/
homework / information / work /luggage / geography
Many / Much
Many + Countable Nouns Much + Uncountable nouns
Negative sentence Negative sentence
- There aren't many students in the class - There isn't much milk in the bottle
Questions ( How many ) Questions ( How much )
- How many students are there in the class? - How much salt do you need for rice

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 Few ( A few ) / Little ( A little )
A Few + Countable Nouns A Little + Uncountable nouns
- We have a few hours before we meet them . - There's a little tea left,
would you like another cup ?
Few ( hardly any / almost none ) Little ( hardly any / almost none )
= not enough = not enough
- There are very few cakes . - There are very little sugar .
We need to buy more We need to buy more .

A lot of ) ٌ‫تستذدم مع االسم الجمع المعدود و مع االسم الػجر معدود ( جمل مثبت‬
 There are a lot of people waiting for the bus .
 There is a lot of sugar in tea
Rewrite Questions ( Very Important )
1- The tree is high. We can't climb it. (too)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- The girl is active. She helps us. (enough)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- How much rice do you need? (How many)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- They bought much bread. (many)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5- She wears a ring in all fingers. (every)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6- There was nobody in the room. (anybody)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7- Every person in the class was talking. (all)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8- She spoke to the individuals one after the other. (each)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9- I have many books in my library. (a lot)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d :
14- Bob has got a car and a bike . ………… car is green and the bike is blue.
a) a b)an c)the d) no article
15- Mary is ……… engineer.
a- a b) an c)the d- no article
16- ……………… Anne and Lynn study at university.
a-Both b- Either c- Neither d- no article
17- He wears a watch in…………… hand.
a) each b) every c) all d) either

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18- She wears a ring in……………… finger.
a) each b) every c) all d) either
19) ………… the students are absent today.
a)Every b)Each c)All d)Either
20- …………… Ahmed nor Amr is clever at English.
a) Both b)Either c)Neither d) Not only
21-I like to buy my brother a Walkman. That’s ......... unusual gift.
a)a b)an c)the d)no article
22-.........football is the most popular sport in Egypt.
a)The b)A c)An d)No article
23-For.........very long time, people believed that the earth Was the centre of the
universe.
a)a b) an c) the d) no article
24-He owns a house by.......Thames, which he bought Three years ago.
a)a b)An c) the d)no article
25-She speaks fluent French but..........Arabic.
a)a little b) a few c)many d)any
26-........... messages have to be recorded.
a)All b)Both c) Every d) Each
27-I’ll need............time to check my messages.
a)some b)any c)many d)few
28-...........room has a phone.
a)All b)Both c) Every d) Each
29-Quite............people called us.
a)much b)little c) a few d) a lot
30-Both girls............unhappy.
a)seem b) seems c) is seeming d) was seeming
31-Not as...........students came this time.
a)much b)a lot c)little d)many
32-The young lady is not old..........to start driving.
a)enough b)too c)very d)so
33-We need a new photocopier; this one’s .........old to Handle the volume of work
we do.
a)enough b)too c) so d) such
34-Let me give you a........of advice: don’t believe Everything you hear.
a)cup b) glass c) piece d)pace
35-I found two............in my soup.
a)hair b) here c) hairs d)her
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 Unit Two .. Moods and Feelings ..
Main Vocabulary :
Troubled ‫متزوج‬ writing letters ‫كتابٌ الذطابات‬
Scared ‫ذائف‬/ ‫مرعوب‬ Driving ‫القجادة‬
Drowsy ‫نعسان‬ Upbringings ٌ‫تنشئ‬/ ٌ‫تربج‬
worn out ‫مرهق‬ close family ties ٌ‫روابط أسريٌ قوي‬
Pleased ‫مسرور‬ Psychologist ‫عالم نفس‬
Cheerful ‫مبتوح‬ self-image ‫القناعٌ بالنفس‬
Stressed ‫مضػوط‬ Desire ٌ‫الرغب‬
Openly ٌ‫بخري‬ rational response ٌ‫استجابٌ عقالنج‬
Cross ‫غاضب‬ emotional response ٌ‫استجابٌ عاطفج‬
Irritated ‫متعصب‬ Outlook ‫وجوٌ نظر‬
Gloomy ‫متشائم‬ Vulnerable ‫بال دفاع‬
Dazed ‫منبور‬ Philosopher ‫فجلسوف‬
Health ٌ‫الصخ‬ Criticise ‫ينتقد‬
Contentment ‫سعادة‬ Achieve ‫يخقق‬
Focusing ‫يركز‬ Stunned ‫مصعوق‬
Deserve ‫يستخق‬ Statue ٌ‫المكان‬
Pleasure ‫سعادة‬ Thoughtful ‫مشػول الفكر‬
Pessimist ‫متشائم‬ Cooking ً‫الطو‬
Prepositions
afraid of ‫ذائف من‬ rude to sb ‫وقد مع‬
amused (at, with, by) ‫يتسلٍ بض‬ ashamed of sb ‫يشعر بالذجل من‬
angry with sb ‫غاضب من شذص‬ proud of sth ‫فذور بض‬
annoyed with sb ‫متضايق من شذص‬ jealous of sb ‫غجور من‬
annoyed about sth ‫متضايق بذصوص‬ pleased with sb ‫مسرور من‬
anxious about sth ٍ‫قلق عل‬ delighted with sth ‫سعجد بت‬
faithful to sb ‫مذلص لض‬ furious with sb about sth ‫ بشأن‬.. ‫غاضب من‬
close to sb ‫قريب من‬ grateful to sb for sth ‫ بسبب‬..... ‫ممتن لض‬
Phrasal Verbs ..
cheer up ‫يبتوح‬/ ‫يبوح‬ calm down ‫يودأ‬
ease up ‫ يبطئ‬/ ‫يقلل‬ get sb down ‫يخبط‬
loosen up ‫يودأ‬ let sb down ‫يخبط‬
open up / your heart ‫يعبر عن مشاعره‬ wind down ‫يودأ‬
Fixed phrases and Idioms ..
as brave as a lion ‫شجاع‬ as proud as a peacock ً‫ متباه‬/ ‫مػرور‬
as wise as an owl ‫خكجم‬ as slow as a snail ‫بطئ‬
as stubborn as a mule ‫عنجد‬ as brown as a berry ‫أسمر اللون‬
as cunning as a fox ‫ماكر‬ as quick as a flash ‫سريع‬
as quiet as a mouse ‫هادئ‬ as white as a sheet ‫شاخب اللون‬
as sick as a dog ‫مريض‬ as red as a beetroot ‫ذجول‬
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 Practice ..
Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets :
1- Jack has no fear. He is ready to face clanger. (lion)
.................................................................................................................
2- Mona has been working all day. She is very pale (white)
.................................................................................................................
3- Hana went to Alexandria. She was very suntanned. (berry)
.................................................................................................................
4- Suzan is always wise and well-informed (owl)
.................................................................................................................
6- He finds it difficult to show his feelings . (express)
.................................................................................................................
7- She wants to have fun with her ho iday. (enjoy)
.................................................................................................................
8- She is trying to hide her real feelings. (true)
.................................................................................................................
9- Be quiet! Things aren't as bad as they seern (calm)
.................................................................................................................
10- Express yourself and tell me how you feel (open)
.................................................................................................................
11- It's been such a tiring day. Let's go to the cinema and relax (wind)
.................................................................................................................
12- I'm very worried about my exam results (anxious)
.................................................................................................................
13- He's pleased with his birthday present (delighted)
.................................................................................................................
14- I was very delighted with the clowns at the circus (amused)
.................................................................................................................
15- Stuart has been loyal to his wife for forty years (faithful)
.................................................................................................................
Practice ..
1) Choose the correct word from a , b , c , or d :
1- He is very angry He is completely ............
a) Pleased b) furious c) upset d) scared
2- Emma feels much more ............about the future now
a) depressed b) aggressive c)cheerful d) optimistic
3- John was really ............ at the prospect of starting work .
a) exciting b) excited c)interesting d) interested
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4- He has no one to talk to so feels very ............
a) foolish b) modest c) lonely d) aggressive
5- The music in that restaurant was quite ............
a) relaxed b) relaxing c) surprised d) surprising
6- In my country people clench their ............ to show they are angry .
a) face b) fist c) stomach d) nose
7- What's wrong with Sandy? She's as quiet as a ............today
a) snail b) owl c) fox d) mouse
8- Jack is so tired. He's as white as a ............
a) sheep b) sheet c) flash d) beetroot
9- Tom is as proud as a ............
a) parrot b) peacock c) lion d) fox
10- Calm ............! Things aren't as bad as they seem .
a) up b) down c)through d)about
11-I don't like watching sad films. They always ............me down
a) calm b) get c) open d) take
12- Open ............ a bit and tell me how you feel .
a) down b) up c) with d) from
13- I'm very anxious ............ my exam results .
a)of b) about c) with d)by
14- I was ashamed ............ Jane for being so badly .
a) of b) at c) by d) for
15-Jack is very friendly ...............the boy next door.
a) With b) by c) of d) to
16- He fell very ............. about having his car stolen .
a) angry b) happy c) optimistic d) excited
18-She is biting her ............ so she must be worried .
a) nose b) Fist c) nails d) face
19- She is stroking her ............. so she must bethoughtful .
a) head b) chin c) nose d) hair
Grammar
The Present Simple Tense ‫زمن المضارع البسجط‬
Formation ‫ التكوين‬:
(‫ فاعل جمع‬/ I / We / You / They) --- Verb . Inf
(‫ فاعل مفرد‬/ He / She / It) --- Verb . Inf + s + es + ies
watches goes brushes dresses (ch - sh - ss - o - x) ‫( إذا انتوٍ بض‬es - ies) ٌ‫وإضاف‬
Carries Studies Cries Tries y ‫ مسبوقا بخرف ساكن وتخذف‬y ‫( إذا انتوٍ بض‬ies) ‫نضجف‬
- I play football on Fridays. * They watch films at home.
- He plays football on Fridays. * Jana watches films at home.
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Negative ٍ‫النف‬
- I don't play football on Fridays.
- He doesn't play football on Fridays.
- He never watches films at home.
Question ‫السؤال‬
(‫ فاعل جمع‬/ I / We / You / They) --- Do + subject + verb Inf
(‫ فاعل مفرد‬/ He / She / It) --- Does + subject + verb Inf
: ‫يتكون السؤال بأداة استفوام فٍ المضارع البسجط من‬
‫ أداة استفوام‬do , does ‫ الفاعل‬inf. .................?
Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets :
1 - She doesn't play tennis on fridays . (never )
...........................................................................................................
Usage ‫االستفوام‬
. ‫ يستذدم للتعبجر عن الخقائق‬-1
o
- The earth goes round the sun. - Water boils at 100 Centigrade.
- The sun gives us heat and light .

Practice ..
Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets :
1 - Tom usually writes letters to his friends . ( habit )
 Tom is in the habit of writing letters to his friends .
 It's Tom's habit to write letters to his friends .
2 - Sarah is in the habit of drinking coffee every day . ( usually )
 Sarah usually drinks coffee every day .
2 - Sarah is in the habit of drinking coffee every day . ( used )
 Sarah is used to drinking coffee every day .

15
 Practice ..
Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets :
1 - Anas usually plays cards with his brothers at night . ( habit )
 ..............................................................................................................
 ..............................................................................................................
2 - Fatma is in the habit of watching cartoons . ( used )
 ..............................................................................................................
Be Noted that ...
(Be) (Become) Used to ( Verb. ing ) / Noun
= (Be) (Become) Accustomed to ( Verb. ing ) / Noun
Practice ..
Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets :
1 - Ali is accustomed to walking every day . ( used )
 Ali is used to walking every day .
2 - My habit is to play football in the club with my friends . ( accustomed )
 I am accustomed to playing football in the club with my friends .
Practice ..
Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets :
1 - Adam is in the habit of playing tricks on his friends . ( used )
 ..............................................................................................................
2 - Her habit is to have a shower in the morning . ( used )
 ..............................................................................................................
3- Malak is becoming accustomed to her new house (used)
 ...............................................................................................................
4- I am not accustomed to loud noise (used)
 ...............................................................................................................
5- My habit is to have a half an hour wall in the morning (usually)
 ...............................................................................................................
6- He is accustomed to working hard (used to)
Practice ..
Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets :
1 - He used to stay up late . ( no longer ) ( any longer )
 He no longer stays up late .
 He doesn't stay up late any longer .
2 - Marwa was in the habit of drinking coffee in the morning . ( used )
 Marwa used to drink coffee in the morning .
Practice ..
1- Hana was in the habit of reading before she went to bed ( used )
 ...............................................................................................................

16
 2- He no longer smokes (used)
 ...............................................................................................................
. ‫ يستذدم مع بعض الروابط الزمنجٌ مع زمن المستقبل للتعبجر عن خدثجن فً المستقبل‬

After / As soon as Present Simple

Before / By the time ( verb .Inf ) ( Verb .Inf + s .. ) Future
When / Once ( don't + doesn't + verb . Inf ) ( Will + Inf )
 After my father finishes his work, he will take us to the club.
 As soon as Mr. Ahmed finishes this book, he will sleep.
 I won't come home until you call me.
. ٌ‫ الخالٌ األولٍ والصفري‬if ‫ يستذدم مع‬
 If you study hard, you will succeed in your exams.
 If you heat water, it boils.
: ‫ يستذدم مع الجداول الزمنجٌ فٍ المستقبل وجداول المواعجد مثل‬
) ‫ فتد و غلق المخالت‬/ ‫ البرامح‬/ ‫ مواعجر الخصص‬/ ‫ الطائرات‬/ ‫( القطارات‬
 The train to Aswan leaves at 7 pm .
 The plane to America arrives at 3 am .
The Present continuous Tense ‫زمن المضارع المستمر‬
Formation : ‫التكوين‬
In Active
I  am
he / she / it  is ( v. + ing )
we / you / they  are
- I am playing football at the moment. - Mana isn't doing a research now`
Question ‫السؤال‬
: ‫* يتكون السؤال بمعنٍ هل فٍ المضارع البسجط من‬
( Am / Is / Are ) ‫ الفاعل‬+ V + ing.......?
- Are you playing football now? - Are you enjoying the party?
* Yes, I am. * No, I am not.
Keywords
At present ‫ فٍ الخاضر‬At present, we are studying French.
At this moment ٌ‫ فٍ هذه اللخظ‬I'm eating the meals at this moment.
Now ‫ اآلن‬Toka is crying now.
Still ‫ ما زال‬She is still reading.
Look! ‫ انظر‬Look! This pipe is leaking water.
Listen! ‫ اسمع‬Listen! He is singing a nice song.
Watch! ‫ شاهد‬Watch! The train is coming.
Be quiet! ‫ كن هادئا‬Be quiet! The baby is sleeping.
Usages
: ‫ نستذدم المضارع المستمر للتعبجر عن أخداث تخدث فٍ لخظٌ الكالم مع كلمات مثل‬-1
now - at his moment - at present - still - look - listen - watch - hurry -
- Listen, He is singing.
17
 : ‫لجس من الضرورى وجود كلمات دالٌ علٍ الزمن لكن الضرورى اإلخساس باستمراريٌ الخدث مثل‬
- Keep quiet please, as I am studying.
- Where is Ali ? - I don't now think he is reading at the library.
. ‫ نستذدم المضارع المستمر للتعبجر عن ترتجب فٍ المستقبل‬-2
- We are travelling to London tomorrow as arranged.
- They bought the tickets. They are having dinner outside.
: ‫ نستذدم المضارع المستمر للتعبجر عن خدث مؤقت‬-3
- At a café, I like drinking coffee but this time I am drinking tea.
Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets :
1 - He complains a lot . (always .. )
 He is always complaining a lot .
2 - Anas hasn't finished his homework yet . (doing .. )
 Anas is doing his homework now
3 - I have arranged to travel to London next week . (travelling .. )
 I am travelling to London next week .
. ‫ نستذدم المضارع المستمر للتعبجر عن عادات سجئٌ مع ظروف التكرار‬-6
- He is always leaving his clothes on the floor.
: ٌ‫هذه األفعال ال تستذدم فٍ األزمنٌ المستمرة هذه األفعال تدل علٍ الخالٌ ولجس فعل أو خرك‬
Like, dislike , love, think, seem, look, know, feel, understand, want , need, hate, see,
forget, prefer, believe, mean, taste, hear, have, possess, own ...etc.
. ٍ‫* بعض األفعال منوا تستذدم فٍ األزمنٌ المستمرة طبقا للمعن‬
‫عندما يأتٍ هذا الفعل بمعنٍ (يمتلك) ال يمكن استذدامى فٍ المضارع المستمر أما عندما يأتٍ بمعنٍ (يأذذ أو‬
. ‫) يمكن استذدامى فٍ المضارع المستمر‬..‫يتناول‬
Have
They have a wonderful car. ‫يمتلك‬
I'm having a bath now. ‫يأذذ‬
‫عندما يأتٍ هذا الفعل بمعنٍ (يبدو) ال يمكن استذدامى فٍ المضارع المستمر أما عندما يعنٍ (يشعل) يمكن‬
. ‫استذدامى فٍ المضارع المستمر‬
feel
- How do you feel about your school? ‫يبدو‬
- How are you feeling now? ‫يشعر‬
ٍ‫عندما يأتٍ هذا الفعل بمعنٍ (يعتقد) ال يمكن استذدامى فٍ المضارع المستمر إنما عندما يعن‬
. ‫(يفكر فٍ) يمكن استذدامى ف المضارع المستمر‬
think
- I think she is clever. ‫يعتقد‬
- I'm thinking of buying a new car. ‫يفكر‬
General Exercises on Grammar
[2] choose the correct word(s) in brackets :
1- He is used to ............tennis
a) play b) plays c)have played d) playing
2- They ............ often go to school on fool .
a) do not b) does not c) are not d) did not
3- My brother sometimes ............ a story before he goes to bed .
a) read b) reads c) reading d) is reading

18
4- Mum is cooking dinner downstairs it ............fantastic .
a) smell b) smells c) is smelling d) is smelt
5- Be quiet please, the baby ............
a) sleep b) is sleeping c)sleeps d) has slept
6- The boys ............football in the garden at the moment .
a) play b) are playing c) have played d) playing
7- Water ............ at 0° C .
a) is freezing b) freezes c) has frozen d) freezing
8- Jack ............ his sister next weekend
a)visits b) is visiting c)visiting d) has visited
9- The chef ............the soup to see if it needs
a) tastes b) is tasting c) tasting d) has tasted
10- I ............ what you mean. I'll check my figures again .
a) see b)seeing c) am seeing d) saw
11- My grandma ............ the flowers
a) is smelling b) smells c) smelt d) smelling
12-I ............very tired
a) feels b) am feeling c) felt d) feeling
13- We ............lunch at the moment
a) have b) are having c) had d) having
14- She ............ in the new James Bond film
a) appeared b) is appearing
c) has appeared d) appears
15- I ............ live in a flat but now I live in a big house
a) used b) used to c) use to d) am using to
16- I ............ going to bed early
a) used to b) am used to c) uses to d) use to
17- I ............ have long hair
a) used to b) was used to c) would d) use to
18- I ............ drink coffee when I was young
a) used to b) am used to c) uses to d) use to
19- Tom used to............ milk when he was a child
a) drinking b) drink c) drinks d) be drinking
20- He always............ his best at school
a) do b) does c) is doing d) did

19