MATHEMATICS IN EVERYDAY LIFE–8

Chapter 11 : Direct and Inverse Variations ANSWER KEYS

EXERCISE 11.1 4. Let the cost of 22 eggs be ` x. Then,

1. Let the number of days in which the man earn R3675 be No. of eggs 36 22
x.
Cost (in `) 90 x
Earning (in `) 525 3675
( 1 dozen eggs = 12 eggs)
No. of Days 1 x
Less eggs, less cost, hence it is a case of direct
More earning, more days, hence it is a case of direct variation.
variation. 22
36
525 3675  =
 = 90 x
1 x 22  90
3675  x=
 x= 36
525  x = 55
 x=7
Hence, the cost of 22 eggs is ` 55.
Hence, the man will earn ` 3675 in 7 days.
5. Let the wages of the worker for 12 days be ` x. Then,
2. Let the distance covered by the car in 11 litres be x km.
Then, No. of days 7 12

Fuel (in litres) 5 11 Wages (in `) 1624 x

Distance (in km) 57.5 x More days, more wages, so it is a case of direct
variation.
More litres, more km, hence it is a case of direct
variation. 7 12
 =
5 11 1624 x
 =
57.5 x 12  1624
 x=
11  57.5 7
 x=  x = 2784
5
 x = 126.5  The wages of the worker for 12 days is ` 2784.
Hence, the car will cover 126.5 km in 11 litres.
6. x 8.5 x1 12.5
3. Let the cost of 12 apples be ` x. Then,
y 1.7 2 y1
No. of apples 15 12
Cost (in `) 18.75 x  x varies directly as y. Then,

Less apples, less cost, hence it is a case of direct x

 = constant
variation. y
15 12 x 8.5
 =  = = 5 (consant)
18.75 x y 1.7
12 × 18.75
 x= x1
15 Now, =5
 x = 15 2
 The cost of 12 apples is `15.  x1 = 5 × 2 = 10

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 1

 12.5 More days, more wages, so, it is a case of direct
And, =5 variation.
y1
12.5 7 20
 y1 = = 2.5  =
5 385 x
20  385
x 8.5 10 12.5  x= = 1100
7
y 1.7 2 2.5 Hence, wage of the labour for 20 days is `1100.
y1 = 2.5
EXERCISE 11.2
7. Let the required number of oranges be x. Then,
1. Let the required number of days be x. Then,
 1 dozen orange = 12 oranges
No. of men 28 14
No. of oranges 12 x
No. of days 8 x
Cost (in `) 28 35
Less men will take more days to reap the field. So,
More cost, more oranges, so it is a case of direct it is a case of inverse variation.
variation.
 28 × 8 = 14 × x
12 x 28  8
 =  x= = 16
28 35 14
12  35 Hence, 14 men will reap the field in 16 days.
 x=
28 2. Since after 10 days, 25 men left the fort. Therefore,
 x = 15 the remaining provisions is sufficient for 175 men
for (70 – 10) days = 60 days.
Hence, we will get 15 oranges for `35.
8. Let the cost of 7 notebooks be `x. But number of men left = 175 – 25 = 150.
Let the remaining provisions last for x days for the
No. of notebooks 12 7 remaining 150 men. Then,
Cost (in `) 132 x No. of men 175 150
Less notebooks, less cost, so it is a case of direct No. of days 60 x
variation.
If men are less, provisions will last for more days.
12 7
 =  175 × 60 = 150 × x (Inverse variation)
132 x
175  60
7  132  x= = 70
 x= 150
12
 x = 77 Hence provisions will last for 70 days.
Hence, the cost of 7 notebooks is `77. 3. Let the required number of days be x. Then,
9. Let the cost of 20 soap cakes be `x. Then, No. of men 35 25
No. of soap cakes 12 20 No. of days 20 x
Cost (in `) 51 x Less men will take more days to complete the work.
 1 dozen soaps = 12 soaps  35 × 20 = 25 × x (Inverse variation)
More soaps, more cost. So, it is the case of direct 35  20
 x= = 28
variation 25
12 20 Hence, 25 men will complete the work in 28 days.
 = 4. Let the required time be x hours.
51 x
20  51 No. of pipes 6 5
 x= = 85
12 1
 The cost of 20 soap cakes is `85. Time (in hr.) 1 x
3
10. Let the wages of the labour for 20 days be `x. Then,
 1 hour 20 minutes = (60 + 20) minute
No. of days 7 20
80 1
Wages (in `) 385 x = hrs = 1 hrs
60 3

2 Answer Keys
 Less number of pipes will take more time to fill the Less men will take more days to complete the
tank. renovation.
1  16 × 35 = 10 × x (Inverse variation)
 6× 1 =5×x (Inverse variation)
3 16  35
4  x= = 56
 6× =5×x 10
3
Hence, 10 men will take 56 days to finish the work.
6  4 24 8 3
 x=   1 9. Let the required number of machines be x. Then,
3  5 15 5 5
3 8 8 No. of machines 20 x
 x = 1 hours = hours = × 60 min = 96 min
5 5 5 No. of days 120 100
Hence, 5 pipes will take 96 minute to fill the tank. To complete the same work in less days, more
number of machines will be required. Then, it is a
5. x 3 x1 8 x2 case of inverse variation.
y 24 18 y1 12  20 × 120 = x × 100
 x and y are inversely proportional. Then, 20  120
 x= = 24
3 × 24 = x1 × 18 100
Hence, required number of machines is 24.
3  24
 x1 = =4 10. Let the duration of a period be x hours. Then,
18
 x1 = 4 No. of periods 8 9
And 3 × 24 = 8 × y1 Time (in min) 45 x

3  24 It the number of periods are increased without

 y1 = =9 increasing the number of school hours, then
8 duration of each period has to be reduced.
 y1 = 9  8 × 45 = 9 × x (Inverse variation)
3 × 24 = x2 × 12 8  45
 x= = 40
3  24 9
 x2 = =6 Hence, each period will be of 40 minutes.
12
 x2 = 6 11. Let the required speed be x km/hr.

Speed (in km/hr) 60 x

x 3 4 8 6
Time (in hr) 4 3
y 24 18 9 12
Less time, more speed to cover the same distance
6.  x and y varies inversely. Then, xy = constant
 60 × 4 = x × 3 (Inverse variation)
16 × 5 = 40 × y
60  4
16  5  x= = 80
 y= =2 3
40 Hence, speed = 80 km/hr.
Hence, y = 2 when x = 40. 12. Let the required number of days be x.
7.  a and b are inversely proportional. Total number of students = 150 + 25 = 175
Then, ab = constant
No. of students 150 175
 9 × 8 = 12 × b
No. of days 21 x
72
 b= =6 If number of students are more, the provisions will
12
last for less days. So, it is a case of inverse variation.
Hence, b = 6 when a = 12.
 150 × 21 = 175 × x
8. Let the required number of days be x.
150  21
 x=
No. of men 16 10 175
No. of days 35 x  x = 18
Hence, provisions will last for 18 days.
Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 3
 1 2. Let the required number of days be x.
13. Amit’s 1 day work =
5
No. of men 36 16
1
Sumit’s 1 day work = No. of days 24 x
4
Less men, more days.
1 1 45 9
(Amit’s + Sumit’s) 1 day work =     36 × 24 = 16 × x (Inverse variation)
5 4 20 20
36  24
9  x= = 54
 work Amit and Sumit can do in 1 day.. 16
20
Hence, option (a) is correct.
1 20
 1 work Amit and Sumit can do in  days 3. Let the cost of 19 kg of rice be ` x.
9 9
20 Quantity of rice (in kg) 16 19
2 Cost (in `) 1120 x
= 2
days
9
More rice, more cost, so, it is a case of direct
Hence, Amit and Sumit together can do the complete
variation.
2
the work in 2 days. 16 19
9  =
1120 x
1 19 × 1120
14. (A + B)’s 1 day work = ...(i)  x= = 19 × 70
30 16
1
 x = 1330
(B + C)’s 1 day work = ...(ii) The cost of 19 kg of rice is `1330.
24
Hence, option (c) is correct.
1
(C + A)’s 1 day work = ...(iii) 4. 9 women’s work = 5 men‘s work
20
5
Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get 1 woman’s work = men’s work
9
1 1 1 5 
2(A + B + C)’s 1 day work =   6 women’s work =   6  men’s work
30 24 20 9 
10
4 56 15 1 = men’s work
= =  3
120 120 8
 10 
And, 3 men and 6 women =  3 men + men 
1 1  3 
 (A + B + C)’s 1 day work = =
2  8 16 19
= men
3
1 Let the number of days required by 3 men and 6
 work (A, B and C) can do in 1 day..
16
 19 
women  or men  to do the work be x days.
1  3 
 1 work (A, B and C) can do in = 16 days
1
19
16 No. of men 5
3
Hence, (A, B and C) together can finish a piece of
No. of days 19 x
work in 16 days.
More men, less days.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 19
 5 × 19 = ×x (Inverse variation)
1.  a and b varies inversely. Then, ab = constant 3
 6× 8= 4× b 5  19  3
 x=
68 19
 b= = 12  x = 15
4
Thus, the required number of days = 15
Hence, option (b) is correct.
Hence, option (b) is correct.

4 Answer Keys
5. Let the required number of days be x. 1
A’s 1 day work =
20
No. of men 32 24
1
No. of days 15 x  A alone can finish the work in = 20 days.
1
Less men, more days. Then, 20
32 × 15 = 24 × x (Inverse variation) Hence, option (b) is correct.
32  15 9. Let the number of days in which the man earn R1716
 x= = 20 be x.
24
Hence, option (d) is correct. Earning (in `) 924 1716
6.  After 20 days, 50 men left the fort.
No. of days 7 x
Therefore, the remaining provisions is sufficient for
250 students for (80 – 20) = 60 days.  1 week = 7 days
 No. of remaining men = 250 – 50 = 200. More earning, more days. Then, it is a case of direct
variation.
Let the provisions will last for x days for the
remaining 260 students. 924 1716
 =
7 x
No. of men 250 200
1716  7
No. of days 60 x  x= = 13
924
If men are less, provisions will lost for more days. Hence, the man will earn ` 1716 in 13 days.
Then, Hence, option (a) is correct.
250 × 60 = 200 × x (Inverse variation) 10. Let the required number of men be x. Then,
250  60
 x= = 75 No. of men 15 x
200
Provisions will last for 75 days. No. of days 12 10
Hence, option (a) is correct. Less days, more men. Then
1 15 × 12 = x × 10 (Inverse variation)
7. A’s 1 day work =
15 15  12
 x= = 18
1 10
B’s 1 day work =
10 Hence, option (d) is correct.
1 1 23 11. Let the distance covered by a car in 40 litres be x.
(A + B)’s 1 day work =  =
15 10 30 Then,
5 1 Distance (in km) 480 x
= 
30 6
Petrol (in litres) 64 40
1
 work A and B can do in 1 day.. Less litres of petrol, less distance.
6
1 480 x
 1 work A and B can do in = 6 days.  = (Direct variation)
1 64 40
6 480  40
 x=
Hence, option (c) is correct. 64
1  x = 300
8. (A + B)’s 1 day work = Hence, option (b) is correct.
12
1 12. 150 : x = 2.9 : 17.4
B’s 1 day work =
30 150 2.9
 = (Direct variation)
A’s 1 day work = (A + B)’s 1 day work x 17.4
– B’s 1 day work 150  17.4
 x=
2.9
1 1 52 3 1
=   =  x = 900
12 30 60 60 20
Hence, option (a) is correct.

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 5

 MENTAL MATHS CORNER  less time, less distance.

1. Two quantities x and y are so related that an increase 60 x

 = (Direct variation)
in one quantity (x) implies a corresponding decrease 60 45
in the other quantity (y). Then x and y are in inverse  x = 45
variation. 8. The number of people and time to complete a work
2. If x – 4y = 0, then x and y vary directly. are in inverse variation.
 x – 4y = 0 9. x varies inversely with y. When x = 6, then y = 8.
 x = 4y y = 6 when x = 8.
x  xy = constant
 = 4 (Constant) (Direct variation)
y  6×8=8×y
 x and y varies directly.  y=6
3. If A can do a piece of work in x days, then the work Hence, y = 6, when x = 8.
1 10. If 12 balls cost ` 144, then the cost of 6 balls is ` 72.
done by A in one day is .
x  Let the cost of 6 balls be ` x.
4. If 14 kg of sugar cost `441. The cost of 22 kg of sugar
is `693. No. of balls 12 6
 Let the cost of 22 kg of sugar be `x. Cost (in `) 144 x
Quantity of sugar (in kg) 14 22 Less balls, less cost.
Cost (in `) 441 x 12 6
 = (Direct variation)
144 x
More sugar, more cost, then
1 6
14 22  =
= (Direct variation) 12 x
441 x  x = 6 × 12 = 72
22  441  The cost of 6 balls is `72.
 x=
14
 x = 693 REVIEW EXERCISE
 The cost of 22 kg of sugar is ` 693. 1. Let the required distance travelled by the truck in 5
5. If 25 men can repair a road in 10 days. Then 50 men hours (or 300 min) be x km. Then,
will take to repair the same road in 5 days.
Distance (in km) 14 x
 Let the required number of days be x.
Time (in min) 25 300
No. of men 25 50
 More time, more distance.
No. of days 10 x
14 x
 = (Direct variation)
 More men, less days. 25 300
 25 × 10 = 50 × x (Inverse variation) 14 × 300
 x= = 14 × 12
25  10 25
 x= =5
50  x = 168
6. Two quantities x and y vary inversely, if the product Hence, the distance travelled by the truck in 5 hours
xy = constant. is 168 km.
7. A car runs at a speed of 60 km/hr. The distance 2. Tap A can fill the tank in 8 hours.
travelled by the car in 45 minutes is 45 km. Tap B can empty the tank in 12 hours.
 1 hr. = 60 min. 1
In one hour, tap A fills th part of the tank.
The car covers a distance of 60 km in 1 hour (or 60 8
minutes) 1
In one hour tap B empties th part of the tank.
Let the distance covered by the car in 45 min. be x km. 12
th th th
Distance (in km) 60 x 1 1   3– 2  1
Thus, in one hour  –     part
 8 12   24  24
Time (min.) 60 45 of the tank is filled.
Hence, the tank is filled in 24 hours.
6 Answer Keys
3. 6 women’s work = 4 men’s work 114
4 5 7
 1 woman’s work = men’s work  = ( Direct variation)
6 560 x
4  5 114
 9 women’s work =   9  = 6 men’s work  =
6  560 7x
(8 men + 9 women) = (8 men + 6 men) = 14 men 114 × 560
 x= = 1824
Let the number of days required by 8 men and 9 5×7
women (or 14 men) to finish the work be x. Hence, 7 men and 13 women would earn `1824 per day.
No. of men 4 14 6. Let the required distance travelled by the car in 12
minutes be x km.
No. of days 7 x
The car travels 50 km in 1 hour (or 60 min.)
More men, less days.
 4 × 7 = 14 × x (Inverse variation) Distance (in km) 50 x
47 Time (in min) 60 12
 x= =2
14  1 hr. = 60 min.
Hence, 2 days will be required to complete the work Less time, less distance, so it is a case of direct
by 8 men and 9 women working together. variation.
4.  `3150 are the wages of 5 workers for 6 days. x
50
 `3150 are the wages of 1 worker for (6 × 5) days  =
60 12
= 30 days. 50  12
Let the wages of 1 worker for (19 × 5) = 95 days be  x=
60
`x. Then,
 x = 10
No. of days 30 95 Hence, the car will cover a distance of 10 km in
12 minutes.
Wages (in `) 3150 x
7. Let the money the worker will get be Rx for 20 days.
More days, more wages.
Money (in `) 900 x
30 95
 = (Direct variation) No of days 8 20
3150 x
95  3150 More days, more money earned, then
 x=
30 900 x
 x = 9975  = (Direct variation)
8 20
 The wages for 95 days of a worker are `9975. 900  20
Hence, the wages of 19 workers for 5 days is `9975.  x=
8
5. 7 women’s work = 5 men’s work  x = 2250
5 Hence, the worker will get ` 2250 for 20 days.
 1 woman’s work = men’s work
7 1
5 65 8. A’s 1 day work =
 13 women’s work = × 13 = men’s work 25
7 7
1
65 114 B’s 1 day work =
7 men + 13 women = 7 men + men = men 20
7 7
Let the earning (per day) of 7 men and 13 women be 1 1 45 9
(A + B)’s 1 day work =  = =
Rx. 25 20 100 100
114 9 9
No. of men 5 (A + B)’s 5 days work = ×5=
7 100 20
Earning (in `) 560 x After 5 days A goes away. Then the remaining part
9 11
of work = 1 – = .
More men, more earning, then 20 20

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 7

  B can complete 1 work in 20 days. HOTS QUESTIONS
11 1
 B will complete remaining part of work in 1. (A + B)’s 1 day work =
20 20
11 1
20 × = 11 days.  A alone can do th of work in 12 days.
20 5
 A alone can complete the work in (12 × 5) = 60
Hence, B will complete the remaining part of work days.
in 11 days.
1
9.  10 more boys join the hostel.  A’s 1 day work =
60
 Total number of boys = 70 + 10 = 80. Then, B’s 1 day work
Let the provisions will last for x days. Then, = (A + B)’s 1 day work – A’s 1 day work

No. of boys 70 80 1 1
= 
20 60
No. of days 40 x
31 2 1
=  
If number of boys are more, the provisions will last 60 60 30
for less days.
1
Hence, It is a case of inverse variation.  B’s 1 day work =
30
 70 × 40 = 80 × x
Hence, B alone can finish the work in 30 days.
70  40
 x= = 35 2. After 8 days, 40 soldiers arrived.
80
Therefore, the remaining provisions is sufficient for
Hence, the provisions will last for 35 days. 120 soldiers for 60 – 8 = 52 days.
1 Then, total number of soldiers = 120 + 40 = 160
10. (Mohit + Suresh)’s 1 day work =
12 Let the provisions will last for x days for 160 soldiers
1
Suresh’s 1 day work = No. of soldiers 120 160
30
No. of days 52 x
1 1
Mohit’s 1 day work = – If soldiers are more, food will last for less days.
12 30
Hence, It is a case of inverse variation.
52 3 1
=    120 × 52 = 160 × x
60 60 20
120  52
1  x=
Mohit’s 1 day work = 160
20
 x = 39
Hence, Mohit alone can finish the work in 20 days.
Hence, the provisions will last for 39 days.

8 Answer Keys
 VALUE BASED QUESTION
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
1
Work done by 8 painters in 1 day =
17
Since, number of children is reduced by 6.
5
Work done by 8 painters in 5 days = Therefore, the sweet will equally divide among
17 (30 – 6) = 24 children.
5 12 Let the number of sweets each child will get be x.
Remaining work = 1 – 
17 17
After 5 days, 8 more painters join the team. No. of children 30 24
Now, there are 16 painters. No. of sweets 8 x
1 Less children, more sweets.
Work done by 8 painters in 1 day =
17 Then,
2 30 × 8 = 24 × x (Inverse variation)
Work done by 16 painters in 1 day =
17
30 × 8
2  x=
Now, of work can be completed by 16 24
17
painters in 1 day.  x = 10
12 Thus, each child will get 10 sweets.
 of work can be completed by 16 painters in
17 “SHARING”
17 12
 = 6 days.
2 17
Hence, 6 more days are required to complete the
job.

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 9