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Mensuration - Iv

This document defines and provides formulas for calculating the areas and perimeters of various 2D figures including triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, polygons, and composite figures. Triangles are classified based on their sides as scalene, isosceles, equilateral, and right triangles. Formulas are provided for calculating the area and perimeter of each type of triangle. Similarly, formulas are given for quadrilaterals like rectangles, squares, rhombi, trapezoids, and parallelograms. Circles and circular regions like sectors, segments, and annuli are also covered. Finally, regular polygons including hexagons and octagons have their area and perimeter formulas presented.

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Aditya Saha
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52 views27 pages

Mensuration - Iv

This document defines and provides formulas for calculating the areas and perimeters of various 2D figures including triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, polygons, and composite figures. Triangles are classified based on their sides as scalene, isosceles, equilateral, and right triangles. Formulas are provided for calculating the area and perimeter of each type of triangle. Similarly, formulas are given for quadrilaterals like rectangles, squares, rhombi, trapezoids, and parallelograms. Circles and circular regions like sectors, segments, and annuli are also covered. Finally, regular polygons including hexagons and octagons have their area and perimeter formulas presented.

Uploaded by

Aditya Saha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MENSURATION-I

1
2-D FIGURE (PLANE FIGURE)

2
AREA (2-D OR PLANE FIGURES)
Plane : Plane is two dimensional i.e. these two
dimensions are known as length and breadth. These
occupy surface.
e.g. Triangle, quadrilateral & Circle etc.

3
TRIANGLE
Scalene :

a, b and c are three sides of triangle


and s is the semi perimeter . a c
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
S=
2
, b is the base and h is the h
altitude of triangle.
1
Area : (i) × 𝑏 × ℎ
2 b
𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)
(ii)
( Hero’s formula)
Perimeter : a+b+c = 2s
EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE

a → side,
h → height or altitude, a a
h= a
h

Area : (i) (ii) a2 a


Perimeter : 3a
ISOSCELES TRIANGLE

a → equal sides
b → base a a
h = height of altitude h
h=
1
b
Area : (i) 2 × 𝑏 × ℎ
1
(ii) × 𝑏 × 4𝑎2 − 𝑏2
4
Perimeter : 2a + b
RIGHT ANGLED TRIANGLE

b = base
p = altitude/height
h = hypotenuse p h
ℎ 2 = 𝑝2 +𝑏2 (Pythagoras theorem)
1
Area : 2 × 𝑃 × 𝑏
Perimeter : b + h + p b
ISOSCELES RIGHT ANGLED TRIANGLE

a = equal sides
h = hypotenuse
h=a 2 a h
1
Area : 2 𝑎2
Perimeter : 2a+ h
a
QUADRILATERAL
C
D
AC is the diagonal and h1, h2 are the h
altitudes on AC from the vertices D and 1
B respectively h
2
Area :
Perimeter : AB+BC+CD+AD A B
SQUARE

a → side a
d → diagonal
Diagonal : a 2
Area : (i) a × a = a2 a d a
𝑑2
(ii)
2
Perimeter : a + a + a + a = 4a
a

10
CIRCUMCIRLE & INCIRCLE OF A SQUARE

11
RECTANGLE

l = length
b = breadth d
d = diagonal b
Area : 𝑙 × 𝑏 = 𝑙𝑏
Perimeter : 2l + 2b = 2(l +b) l
Diagonal : 𝑙2 + 𝑏2
INNER PATHWAY

l
Area : (l + b – 2w )2w
Perimeter : 2(l + b)(outer) w
2(l +b - 4w)(inner) b
OUTER PATHWAY

Area : (l + b +2w )2w l


Perimeter : 2(l +b +4w)(outer) w
b
: 2( l + b )(inner)
PATHWAY

Pathways running across l


the middle of a rectangle:
b w
Area: (l + b – w )× w
RHOMBUS
D a C
a → each equal side of rhombus
d1 and d2 are the diagonals
a a
d1 → BD d2
d2 → AC
1 A a B
Area : × d1× d2
2
Perimeter : 4a
PARALLELOGRAM

a and b are sides adjacent to a


each other.
b h
h → distance between the b
parallel sides
a
Area : a × h
Perimeter : 2 (a + b)
TRAPEZIUM
D b C

a and b are parallel sides to each other


and h is the perpendicular distance h
between parallel sides.
A
Area : ×h a B

Perimeter : AB+BC+CD+AD

OA × OD = OB × OC
CIRCLE

r → radius of the circle


Area : pr2 r
Perimeter : 2pr (called as circumference)
22
𝜋 = = 3.1416
7
(approx.)
SEMICIRCLE

r r
r → radius of the circle
1 2
Area : pr2
Perimeter : pr+2r
QUADRANT

r → radius
1
Area : 4pr2
r
1
Perimeter : 2pr+2r
r
RING OR CIRCULAR PATH (SHADED REGION)

R → outer radius
r → inner radius
R
Area : p (R2-r2)
Perimeter : (outer)→ 2pR r
(inner)→ 2pr
SECTOR OF A CIRCLE
O → centre of the circle
r → radius
l → length of the arc O
θ → angle of the sector θ
Ɵ r r
l = 𝟐𝝅𝒓 𝟎
𝟑𝟔𝟎
A B
Area : (i) 𝒍

𝟏
(ii) 𝟐
𝒓×𝒍

Perimeter : l + 2r
SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE

 → angle of the sector


r→ radius O
r
AB→ Chord 

ACB → arc of the circle A B


C
Area : Area of segment ACB (minor segment)

Perimeter:
POLYGON (REGULAR HEXAGON)
a
a → each of the equal side a a
Area : a2
Perimeter : 6a a a
a
POLYGON (REGULAR OCTAGON)

a a
a → each of the equal side a a
Area : 2a2 (1+ 2)
Perimeter : 8a a a
a a
Polygon
A simple closed curve made up of straight lines is said to be a polygon.
A polygon whose all interior angles of same measure is known as
regular polygon.

➢ Sum of all the internal angles of a n-sided polygon is (n – 2) × 180o.


➢ Sum of all the exterior angles of a n-sided polygon is 360o.

➢ Number of diagonals in n-sided polygon = n( n – 3)2


➢ Each interior angle of n-sided regular polygon = ( n – 2 ) ×180 /n
➢
o
Each exterior angle of n-sided regular polygon = 360
n
➢ Sum of interior and exterior angle is 180o.

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