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Exp (05) - Projectile Motion (Manual)

This document describes an experiment on projectile motion. The experiment has two parts: [1] showing that the time of flight is independent of initial speed for horizontal projectile motion, and [2] verifying that the horizontal velocity remains constant during flight. Students are instructed to measure time intervals using photogates and a timer plate to calculate time of flight and horizontal velocity at different distances for projectiles launched at various angles. Tables are provided to record experimental data and calculations.

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59 views

Exp (05) - Projectile Motion (Manual)

This document describes an experiment on projectile motion. The experiment has two parts: [1] showing that the time of flight is independent of initial speed for horizontal projectile motion, and [2] verifying that the horizontal velocity remains constant during flight. Students are instructed to measure time intervals using photogates and a timer plate to calculate time of flight and horizontal velocity at different distances for projectiles launched at various angles. Tables are provided to record experimental data and calculations.

Uploaded by

alijacop695
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COLLEGE OF SCIENCES

Department of Applied Physics

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS IN
PHYSICS (1)

Projectile Motion

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Projectile Motion
Part I
Objectives:
The objective of experiment is to show that the time of flight of a
ball launched horizontally is independent of its initial speed.

Apparatus:
Pasco computer interface, projectile launcher, two photogates,
time of flight accessory, plastic ball.
For safety : 1- Wear safety Goggles 2- Do not place foreign
objects into the launcher 3- Do not look into the launcher 4-
Do not aim the launcher at others.

Theory:
A ball that is launched horizontally (vertical component of its velocity = 0) off a
table from a height (h) takes the same amount of time (t) to reach the ground as a ball
that drops from rest at the same height. This time does not change as the initial velocity
is varied and is given by the equation:

where g is the acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s2

Procedure:
1- Clamp the projectile launcher to one end of the table with the
launcher aimed away from the table.

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2- Adjust the angle of the projectile launcher to zero degrees, so
the ball will launch horizontally. You can use a spirit level
for the best results.
3- Plug the two photogates and the time-of-flight accessory into
the computer interface as shown in the figure.
4- Measure the distance between the two photogates, and set it
to 0.10 m
5- Your instructor will show you how to run the timing
program and set it to measure the time (t 1) elapsed between
the two photogates and (t2) between the second photogate
and the timer plate.
6- Put the plastic ball into the projectile launcher and cock it to
the short-range position.
7- Test fire the ball to determine where to place the timer plate
on the floor. Put the timer plate on the floor where the ball
hits.
8- Start the timing program and shoot the ball in the short-range
position then record the times (t1) and (t2).
9- Repeat steps 6-8 for the medium range and long range.

10- Record your data in table 1 of your lab report.

Data Analysis:

Part I
1- Calculate the time-of-flight T = t1+ t2.
2- Calculate the initial velocity of the ball.
3- Compare the times of flight for the three range
settings.
4- Write your conclusion about this part.

25
Part II
Objectives:
In this part you are going to verify that the horizontal
component of the velocity of a projectile is constant throughout its
flight.

Apparatus:
Pasco computer interface, projectile launcher, two
photogates, time of flight accessory, measuring tape.

Theory:
For a projectile motion, the horizontal and vertical motions
are independent. In the vertical direction, the projectile accelerates
downward as gravity pulls on it. But in the horizontal direction,
there is no acceleration and the horizontal component of the
velocity is constant if friction is neglected. The horizontal velocity
can be found by using the horizontal distance (X) and the time of
flight (T).

Procedure:
1- Fix the projectile launcher on the floor and adjust
the angle to any desired value (e.g., 30 ) .
2- Connect the two photogates and the time of flight
accessory to the interface.
3- Your instructor will show you how to run the
timing program and measure the time of flight.

26
4- Set up the vertical target board 0.5 m in front of the
projectile launcher. Use the plumb bob to aid with
the measurement of the exact distance between the
muzzle of the launcher and the timer plate (see the
figure).
5- Record the distance X=0.5 m in table 2 of your lab
report.
6- Load and cock the launcher to the long-range
position.
7- Fire a test shot to see where the ball hits the vertical
target. Hold the timer plate against the vertical
board at the place where the ball hits.
8- Shoot the ball again and record the time (T = t1 +t2
) as you have done in part I.
9- Move the vertical target to 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and
2.5 m in succession, finding the time of flight for
each position and recording the values in table 2 of
your lab report.

Data Analysis: Part II


1- Calculate the actual value for the horizontal
velocity using the initial speed v and the
projection angle θ.
2- For each position calculate the horizontal velocity.
3- Write your conclusion about this part.

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Projectile Motion
(Part I)
Table 1
Distance between the first and the second photogate 0.10 m

Range t1(s) t2(s) v (m/s) T= t1+ t2 (s)

Short

Medium

Long

Conclusion:

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Projectile Motion
(Part II)
Table 2
θ = , v○ = , v x = v cos  =

Distance (m) t1(s ) t2(s) T= t1+ t2 (s ) v x (m/s)


0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Conclusion:

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