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L2 - Building Information Systems

This document discusses systems development and information system projects. It covers the systems development life cycle (SDLC) which provides a framework for developing systems through phases like planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support. Successful systems aim to meet goals like maintainability, dependability, efficiency, and usability. Projects involve various stakeholders and can use tools like computer-aided software engineering (CASE) to improve the development process.

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13 views

L2 - Building Information Systems

This document discusses systems development and information system projects. It covers the systems development life cycle (SDLC) which provides a framework for developing systems through phases like planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support. Successful systems aim to meet goals like maintainability, dependability, efficiency, and usability. Projects involve various stakeholders and can use tools like computer-aided software engineering (CASE) to improve the development process.

Uploaded by

abdallameme555
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COM201: System Analysis and Design

Lecture 2: Building Information Systems


Dr. Fayza A. Nada

Overview
 What is systems development?
 Why do we need it?
 How can we develop systems successfully?
 Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
 Approaches to SDLC
 Who is involved in systems development?
 A special CASE

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Systems Development Projects
 The activity of creating or modifying existing business
systems (IS).
 It refers to all aspects of the process—from identifying
problems to be solved or opportunities to be exploited to the
implementation and refinement of the chosen solution.

 Project: “A planned undertaking that has a beginning


and an end, and that produces a desired result or
product.”

 Attempts to achieve three main goals

What Counts as Project Failure?


 Cost overruns
 Software quality problems
 Missed deadlines
 Unsatisfied stakeholders
 Operational failure
 No system delivered

4
A Note on Successful Systems
Maintainability Dependability

Evolvability Efficiency

User Usability
Friendliness

Performance Correctness

Robustness Reliability
5

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)


 “A project management framework
organized into phases and activities”
[source: Satzinger et al., 2004]

 General prescription for developing


systems
 Comprises a collection of interlinked
phases
 Variations include »
 System Initiation  Construction
 Investigation  Deployment
 Feasibility Study  Maintenance
 Programming  Review
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u Project Planning
 Objectives »
 Identify the scope of the new system
 Plan the project
 Assess feasibility and prepare budget
 Main activities »
1. Define the problem
2. Produce the project schedule
3. Confirm project feasibility
4. Staff the project
5. Launch the project
[source: Satzinger et al., 2004]
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v Analysis
 Objectives »
 Understand user needs
 Develop requirements
 Learn as much as possible about problem
domain
 Main activities »
1. Gather information 5. Generate and evaluate
2. Define system requirements alternatives
3. Build prototypes 6. Review recommendations
4. Prioritise requirements with management
8
w Design
 Objective »
 Design solution system
 Answers ‘how to do it?’ rather than
‘what to do?’
 Main activities »
1. Design database
2. Design application
3. Design user interfaces
4. Design system interfaces
5. Create/evolve prototype
6. Design system controls
9

x Implementation
 Objectives »
 Build solution system  Install solution
 Test solution
 Main activities »
1. Construct software components
2. Verify and test
3. Convert data
4. Train users and document the system
5. Install the system
 Also, acquire hardware and software
10
y Support
 Objective »
 Keep system running productively after installation
 Main activities »
1. Maintain the system
2. Enhance the system
3. Support the users
 Reasons for initiating this phase include »
 Changes in business processes
 New requests from stakeholders, users, and managers
 Bugs or errors in the program
 Technical and hardware problems
 Unexpected events

11

Participants in Systems Development


 Projects comprise teams of people each with
different roles
 Examples of stakeholders »
 Users
 Managers
 Systems development specialists
 Project managers
 Support personnel
 External
12
Systems Development Tools
 Application development »  CASE »
 Microsoft Access  Sybase PowerDesigner
 Oracle Developer Rational Rose
 IDEs »  Oracle Designer

 Microsoft Visual Studio .NET  Tools for »


for VB, C++  Testing
 Eclipse for JAVA  Configuration management
 Documentation support
 Project management
 …

13

Computer Aided Software Engineering


 “Automate many of the tasks required in a
systems development effort and enforce
adherence to the SDLC, thus instilling a high
degree of rigor and standardization to the entire
systems development process.” [source: Stair and Reynolds, 2003]

 “Software programs that automate or support


the drawing and analysis of system models and
provide for translation of system models into
application programs.” [source: Whitten et al., 2004]

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Ml1

Summary
 Building information systems is a complex undertaking
in which success is not guaranteed
 Development projects attempt to finish on budget, on
time and to satisfy the requirements of the client
 Numerous stakeholders (directly or indirectly)
participate in a project
 The SDLC provides a generic framework for structuring
project activities
 The quality and time of the analysis, design and
implementation activities can be improved by CASE
 ----------------------------------------------------------
 NOTE: ALL STUDENTS MUST START Practical Sessions 1
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