sn,sn=n/2(f1+lst)

in a minute ,11/2 × minit

nth term,an=a1+(n-1)d
Hasten,लवकर quik
expedite,जलद कर jalad karane
Sporadic, र happen sometimes
accretion,व vaadh
acebic,abhorrent
abscond, र र faraar
abysmal,extremely aur hopelessly bad terrible
Digressive, व र vishayantar
amiable,friendly
Pervasiveness, क vyapakta
perfidy,untrustworthy
Tailored, र र क
Uncanny ,strange or mysterious
He has the uncanny ability to get his body into a position
Sterile,
Outraged, कल bhadakale
Inimical, वर
Vulnerable, र

Allegory

,Kalpana katha imaginary story

accumulation ,
Nonchalance , व र
Appease, कर keep it silent
Susceptible,emotional
Prevalence, क omniness
Encumber, र gheraney
Stringent,क क kadak
Abject,
Broach,व द वव द व Vishay pushed mandane
fragilities, जक
tormented,
coherence,ज
engross,to absorb all the attention
tensile,ल ल
evasive,क
decree, क
descry,catch sight of describe
persistent ,क
delightfull,र
fettle,state condition
incendiary, क द ज ; व कव र , कर र ; (व व ) ग
लव र, र, ल ; ( व ) द द , र, इ. ज
कर र ;
n. गल ; ग लव र ; क व कर र ;
corporeal, र रक
gullible, ल
hinder,
incept,showing no skill
kennel,dogs house
adverse, कल
muster,gather
embryonic,underdeveloped
aligned,ग
sparse, वरल
imbecile, idiotic
articulating,
coherent, ग
extensive, व vistrut
dwelling, व
relieved,
furnish,
imparted, द कर
consortion, क कर
insightful,having or showing an accurate and deep understanding
byre,ग ग ल
defy, व ल
expansive, व vistrut
breached,aggrement
eager, क
grave, ग
onset,beginning
privy,ग
subjugate, vash कर
perverse, वक
obstructive, र
embraced, रल
delicate, क
delinquency, र
convene, ल
ostensible, र; द ; र ग ल व कलल , वरकर
infuriated,
residue, व
calamitous, ज क
immaculate, ल
plodding , र क
augmenting,increase
deceive, व fasavine
endeaver,
inquisitive,showing an interest in learning things
reducdant, व क
cos 0 ,1
cos 30,rt3/2
cos 45,1/rt2
cos 60,1/2
cot 30,root 3
cot 45,1
cot 60,1/rt3
cot 90,0
sec 30,2/rt3
cosec 45,rt2
cosec 60,2/rt 3
cosec 90,1
cot 0,nt df
sec 0,1
cosec o,nt df
composite number,factors more than two no prime number is composite
76 /19 ?,7+(2×6)=19 yes
mist,has had
could +v1,
perplexing,puzzled
enigmatic,difficult to understand
malleable,moldable
jeopardised, dhokyat
complementary,matching
fragment,tukada
ambiguous/obscure,unclear
embellish,
combat,ल ladhai
abiotic,ab sense of life
irrefutable,un denyable
fidelity,faithfulness
cumbersome ,large heavy
serene,peaceful
solace, saantvana
subtle, ज द र, ग द कव क र; , रल, , .
empathetic,relating to feeling of others
anomaly,oddity
asinine,extremely stupid
advocate,support a cause
discriminate,differentiate
impartial,unbaised
fulcrum, र
plummet,achanak Girana
Preferred shares will plummet faster than they should as other holders
rush to sell.
mesmeriz,hypnotized
reproach,tiraskar
reproach yourself
contentious,controversial
baneful, क रक
laborious,demanding (job)
lax, ल
One of the problem areas is lax security for airport personnel.
maze,
The palace has extensive gardens, a maze, and tennis courts.
sift, screening
catalyst,cause of process/causes change
boaster,egotist
outstrip, ग क

alleviate,क कर
abyss,holder seems to have no bottom
lucid,easy to understand
brittle,
Thirty years ago some contractors used brittle PVC pipes that burst when
they froze.
elaborate,details
Erratic, irregular
chauvinism,feeling of superiority
poachers, कर क र
enumerate, ज counting

Onerous,क kashtadu
Brouhaha,confusion
melancholy,udas
The album is effused with sweet
Amnesty,
impermeable,sealed
Audacity,
equipoise, ल
economical,avoiding waste
retract, ग
heritability,varasa
Apostate,one who abandons religion ग
fulsome ,ati
speculative,kalpanik
ignominious, द
degrade,humiliated
deplete,क
belittle,put somebody down
streamlined, व
strangle,squeeze
equilibrium , ल
Republic , ज क
In 1918, Austria became a republic.
Alexia,laws of ability to read
lex means reading
Inevitable,Unavoidable
Bureaucratic delays are inevitable.
Brooch,र diamond sadipin
fabricate,nirman karna
Supremacy,व varvhasw
eradicate,destroy complete
acarpous,
subdued,व vash krne
endorse,
Receptive,
buster,destroy
curate,to select, organize
enlist,bharti
that army I like to enlist in
hoarse,कक
outages,क क ki katauti
profound,very great or intense
oppealling, वर क
refuse,garbage
taxing,demanding
Ignoble,
prominent,
woeful, द क
flustered , र र
mainstay, र
foe,enemy
Brood, ल pille
bosom,close friend
sooth,
swarm, व
weary,lethargic
obstruct,
perceive,become aware
vibrant,full of energy
frivolous ,carefree
abashed, ग लल
Monotonous, क व tech tech kantadwane
pertinent,
unblemished, लक
mindful,ज ग क
paradigm, द
linchpin,most important
pessimistic , र
capricious, र/ ज
unprecedented,never done before
Meld,combine
amorphous ,shapeless
Analgesia,pain loss ability
anarchy ,lawlessness
apathy ,insensitivity
apnea,breadth not
atrophy ,without nourishing part of body
beckoned , ल
26.66%,4/15
31.25%,5/16
ponder,think for long time
glance ,quick look
deliberate , व र वक
euphoric,ज
jubilant,
Auspicious,
deranged,mad insane
vivacious, ल
gloomy, द
feigned,
convoluted ,complex
restrained ,controlled
inferior ,not good as something
abated,reduce
prevalent, ल
secular , र
fugitive,- ग
inveterate,क र
perilous,ज
subsume,Include
resurgent, ल
Inane, द
sedentary,ग
Tacit, ल र
Salient,
Avarice,ल
Callous,क र
noxious, क रक
keep your nose to the grindstone,working hard
pink slip,dismissed from employee
jump on the bandwagon,join others doing fashionable
catastrophic ,aapatjanak
communal,jatiywadi
mantle,aavran
brazen,nirlajj
cunning,dhurt
displeasure , र ज
agile,chapad
pitfalls,nuksan
consolidation ,yekatrikaran
traits,व
significantly ,lakshniy
area of square ,d2/2
area of triangle
,rt S(S-A)(S-B)(S-C)
eqilateral triangle height,h=(rt3÷2)a
equilateral triangle ht,
1km hectomet,10 hectometer
1km dec,100 decameter
1km decimeter,10k decimeter
1km cm,1lk cm
1km mm,10lk mm
1hectare,10k sq m
1 are ,100 sq m
1sq hectometer,100sq decameter
1sq decameter ,100sq meter
1sq m,100sq decimeter
1sq decimeter ,100sq cm
1sq cm,100sq mm
rt 3,1.732
rt 5,2.236
rt 6,2.45
wt=,vol×density
area of iso tri,h=rt 4a2-b2/2
A=1/4×b×rt4a2-b2
A of quadrilateral,1/2 ×AC × ( h1+h2)
hexagon,A= 3rt3/2 × a2
octagon,2a2(1+rt2)
sector,l=2pi r ( thita/ 360)
A=pi r2 ( thita/360)
A=1/2 × r × l
segment of circle,A=r2(pi thita/360 - sin thita /2 )
perimeter of segment,2r (pi thita / 360 + sin ( thita / 2)
area of path midway,(l+b-w)w
perimeter of path midway,2(l+b-2w)
outer path,(l+b+2w)2w
inner path,A=(l+b-2w)2w
incessant,lagatar
intermittent ,
क- क कर
inconvestion,Inconvestion
व
insolvent,
- दव ल
destitute,Destitute
र र
Penurious,गर ; ज; कज ; द र ; ग ल; क ;
austerity
,austerity

palpable
,palpable

tumultuous
,tumultuous
ग
Abatement
,
क कर
Suppression,Suppression
द
pushed to wall,force into a desperate situation
time =,1/ efficiency
angle between clock,11/2 M - 30 H
Pliable
,Pliable
लव क
Stubborn
,Stubborn

Mournful
क कल,Mournful
क कल
Resolute
,Resolute
र
Invoke,Invoke
व कर
Reminisce,Reminisce
व क
Prosperous,Prosperous

Miser
,
कज
Vituperative,Vituperative

Futile
,Futile
र क
gunning for,tring to achieve something

since......,has been/HV been

369×125,369000/2×2×2
envisage, रक
inept ,without skill
sec 45,rt2
sec 60,2
sec 90,nt df
sin 30,1/2
sin 45,1/rt2
sin 60,rt3/2
sin 90,1
tan 30,1/rt3
tan 45,1
tan 60,rt 3
tan 90,nt df
cosec 30,2
swamping,दलदल daldal
sin 0,0
tan 0,0
pernicious, क रक
withering,क ज
digonalof polygon,n(n-3)/2
virtuous, दग
seldom if ever or seldom or never,
senator,make law
shrank , रल
despite,altho while sab same hai
robust, strong
discrnment,ability to judge
v,n
averse ,oppose to
cordial ,friendly
impede,
curtail,क कर
oppress, र कर
receptacle,ग द
pioneered,
cuff,kadak kapda hand sleev
grandiose,
modest,
length of inredius eq tri,side root 3
disperse ,इ र- र क
repress,द (emotion)
summon, क र
enunciate, र कर
scrupulous, दर
punctilious, वल
fastidious,दर र
illustrious, दर
d,
bhggb,
bg,
khh,
tri,
trign,
ineluctable,unavoidable
propel, कल
inflict,ल द
ascent,
contend,
paragon,best of kind
root 2,1.414
hcf frac,hcf/lcm
cos 90,0
irrational no,root 2.. 14141.. rootv3 1.732.... pie
rational numbers,3/5, 4, -6
Find the slope of the line parallel to the line passing through the
points (3, 2) and (-5, 6).
,
espouse,support
gruelling,
n,
IMPUNITY,द
RESILIENT,ल ल
EXONERATE, ल कर कर
PREVARICATE,छलक / वव कर
EFFICACIOUS, व
ARDENT,
PERSPICACIOUS, दक
PROLIFIC, व ल
DECADENT,luxury
PARSIMONIOUS, क
CAPITULATE, र र ल द
PERUSE, कर / ल
EXACERBATE, र कर /व व
chalk up,to achieve
cast out,to expel
cheer on,encourag
clear up

,cure or recover
deviate
,
व ल
benefit,
affluent,wealthy
caricature, ग
agony,वद
callous,क र
tacit, ज कर
pensive , व र ल
inane, द
placid ,calm
perilous , क द क
when pigs fly,never
cry once eyes out,to cry very hard
nail something down,agree
the world is your oyster,do anything
16.66,16.66 or 16 2/3
6.66%,1 /15
6 1/4%,6.25 or 6 1by4
4.16,4.16 or 4 1by6
3.33%,1/30
 28.56,28 4by7
37.5%,3/8
22.22,22 2by9
5.88,5.88
5.55,5.55
5.26,5.26
87.5%,7/8
4.76,4.76
4.54,4.54
4.34,4.34
9cb,729
14cb,2744
15cb,3375
16cb,4096
17cb,4913
18cb,5832
19cb,6859
21cb,9261
22cb,10648
23cb,12167
24cb,13824
26cb,17576
27cb,19683
28 cb,21952
29 cb,24389
23sq,529
27sq,729
28sq,784
29sq,841
31sq,961
32 sq,1024
34,1156
36sq,1296
37sq,1369
38sq,1444
39sq,1521
41sq,1681
42,1764
43 square,1849
44,1936
46,2116
47,2209
48,2304
49,2401
comely, क क
plethora,Bhutan jyada
lethal,hanikarak
lethargy,dhilapan
revenous,lalchi
immence, व ल
luculent,clear
14 6,84
16 8 ,128
gghu,
nhjhh,
jjjj,
tjh4grb,
eg25hwh,
rh4g,
dgry3,
efecwc2,
dxxsx,
rg4g3f,
rhthrhr,
pittance ,dhan ki kam matra
modicum ,dhan ki kam matra
gravitate,attract
timid,kamjor,darpok
timorous, र क, क ज र
motley,different
asunder,different
dilapidated,unhealthy
disheveled ,unhealthy
pique,chidchida
irk,chidchida
glare,ghurna
conundrum ,paheli
riddle,paheli
mearge,low amount
rebut,aalochna
repudiate,burai krna
reluctant,anicchuk
voluble,batuni
garrulous,batuni
taciturn,Kam bolna
supercilious ,ghamandi
arrogant,ghamandi
panacea,Ramban
elixir,ramban
egregious,Boot kharab
heinous ,behed kharab
delectation,happiness
sorrow,unhappy
corpulent,overweight
amicable ,friendly
hostile,unfriendly
longest rod,
a3 + b3 =,a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 +b2-ab)

a3 - b3 =,a3 - b3 = (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2)

a0 = ,1
a-m = 1/am

,
fraction t,
loga (xy) =

,loga (xy) = loga x + loga y

loga (x/y) ,loga (x/y) = loga x - loga y

loga xm,loga xm = m loga x

loga a =

,loga a = 1

loga 1 =

,loga 1 = 0

log x BS a,
lg,
quadratic formula ,
uu,
pnc,
27 cub 72 cube,
co prime no,no common factor other than 1 eg 15,16..8,9..
how to divide any no by 16 div,last 4 dig
78/13 oscillator ,+4
119/17 oscillator ,-5
19 oscillator ,+2
6.25%,1/16
catastrophe ,vinash
callow,inexperienced
tyro,inexperienced
novice,inexperienced
charisma,beautiful
prodigy,skill
prudent,skill
carrulous,verbose
reticent ,silent
respite,relax
restive,bechain
peruse,scrutinize
overlook,nazarandaz
ribald,ashlil
bawdy,ashlil
rant,shout
exodus,departure
shun,avoid
pillage,rob
amity,friendliness
enmity ,enemy
affray,hungama
skirmish ,hungama
dustup,zagda
bewail, क
bemoan,khed
exuberant,khush
brisk,furtila
strife,conflict
ravage,demolish
queasy,sick
adjournment , ग
epitome ,best
demon,worst
jingoistic ,chauvinistic
appal,darna
frighten ,darna
aberrant,anomaly
aberration ,oddity
gospel,truth
veracity,truth
mawkish,bhauk
prolific ,fertile
barren,infertile
euphonic ,madhur dwani
mellifluous ,madhur dwani
insipid ,boring
zarkhand lok dance ,chau, paika
asam lok dance,bihu , kali gopal
punjab lok dance ,gaddar, bhangda
rajastan lok dance ,kathputli,ghumar,suisini
nagaland lok dance ,chong
A.P lok dance,yudhnrutya, mukhota
gujrat lok dance,ग ,
uttarakhand lok dance ,gadwali
j.k lok dance ,rauff
himachal lok dance,chapeli, danda naav
chattsgad lok dance,gadi
meghalaya lok dance ,bagala
u.p. lok dance,kajri,raslila, zaura,nautanki,churkula,
shastry nrutya tamilnadu,bharatnatyam
shastry nrutya Andra pradesh,kuchi pudi (dev nrutya)
shastry nrutya U.P.,kathak
bharat nadu ...gaan karna...,pudi aadhi....kathak uttar...
shastry nrutya manipur,manipuri
shastry nrutya odisa,odisi
shastry nrutya keral,kathakali,mohini/krushna/kali attam
america se kya liya,fundamental rights
court judge
irland se kya liya,
jarmany se kya liya,apatkaal
Australia se kya liya,samwarti suchi ( awesome)
rus se kya liya,molik kartavya ( rutkar)
Britain ne kya diya,sansadiy pranali
Africa se kya liya,sanvidhan sanshodhan
reprimand/castigate,dantana

affront,attitude
fortitude , 40 ल ग र
wisdom,
wheedle, ल ल
cajole, ल ल
coax, ल ल
mercurial , र
planitive,sad
mournful,sad
astonished, क
grin,emotional
saucy,adult scene
lewd,adult
obscence,adult
cheeky, ल
insolent , ल
indolent,lazy
docile,
reprisal, दल ल
avenge,revenge
astute, र
candid,honest
capacious, व ल cap space
replate, र re plate
abundant, र
condemned , द क
bowdlerize , दल र ज censor
expurgate, द कर ;
dismal, द
tedious,udas
myriad,countless. my raid inspector
consternation , क र
celerity,
alacrity ,
prevaricate, द ल
evade,
accolade,इ
instalment C.I.,
parellelogram s. d. ratio,d1 sq +d2 sq = 2( a+b)
i..you...he /she/they,
vol of spear,4/3 pi r3
assuage, कर
captivate, ल
scarcely,barely
exaggerate,make better
cautious, व
pristine,
fatuous,
subvert, ल द power
auspicious,
exuberant , व ल
a perfect storm,bad situation
give someone cold shoulder,ignor someone
have bigger fish to fry,other imp thing to do
to shoot straight,straightforward
caucus,meeting gupt
misty,misty
diatribe, द
resilient,ल ल
scrutiny,ज
inclusion,include
entice,ल
bolstered,supported
hampered,
anxious,
compunction, छ व
compassionate,Kindद ल
purged,rid of it
exculpated,द
proscibed,
apothecary, वल
infatuation ,passion
momentous,important
adulation , ल
contemplation,
diligent, र
verse,क व
generous, द र
tavern, ल
regime,
fiestas, र
quiver,shake with rapid motion
tremulation,क
amply, व ल
illuminates, क
reckon,
pivot,क द
hinge,क
ally,
inoculation , क
substantial ,
discernible ,द
laggard,
plausible,
censure,criticism
proliferate,reproduce
paradox,puzzle
colossal,
inception ,beginning
grandeur,magnificence
intrepid,fearless
abrogate,repeal
deference,respect
deteriorate, ग
degenerate,
ameliorate,
revamp, ग
covenant,contract
obnoxious,disgusting
underlain,placed under
oppressive , र
elusive, व
trepid, र क
pejorative, ज क
brink,कग र
mendicant, क
grim, क
foetus,ग
dredged, क
propulsive, ग वल
devastation,damage
exurban, र र
suburbia, गर
scintillate, क
trepidation , र
intrepidity, र
stoic, द
magnanimity,udarta
specious , द व
circumspection, व
circumspect, व
introspection , र
prospective , व
prospect,
retrospect , क ज
perspicuty,clarity
perspicuous,clear
punctillious,द क
disingenuousness, ta
disingenuous,क
credence, व
creed,
naivete, ल
naive,
ingenious, रल
indefatigability, क
gourmet,
gourmand,
ennui,boredom
sum of interior angles ,(n-2)×180
n is no of sides
squander,waste
squabble, ग
dynamic,ग ल
destruction , व
integrated, क क
abridged,
forfeited,ज
clairvoyant,future teller
16×14,224
a × b number,
regress,व ल
reparable,द कर
5 % com int,8000 9261. 1261. 21cb
com int - sim int 5% 3 yr,.7625
octagon area,
segment of circle,
path midway,
outer path,
inner path,
area of 4 wall of room,2( l+ b) h
diagonal of square ,Side rt2
cvgfgtyut,
tyurtyur,
urturuy,
gfhjgjtyui,
gyertery,
sdfasdfg,
uguu,
yghu,
ytgh,
i77ghhg,
g6duff,
urdr8668d,
itsdluf,
vyf7rt,
iytitikgig,
g7toyhoh,
oyfyoc,
cyd6tit,
fougpug,
y8yyoigi,
iftd8iv8yc,
t6yffuf,
g6t7t7,
tfyrvyv,
uufufvu,
vujg7,
yd6drf6,
yfr7uvfu,
ct4e6f6,
t7ditditci,
icg8td,
dr6fuf,
rd75d86c,
itccittc,
utssititd,
utd85d,
vyitf8t,
urxudt7tc,
fux7rdcyi,
fticttic,
durict,
r7s7s4c7t,
urxxurtxi,
tdic7tc,
ditdti8c6,
o6fit8vy,
tidd558d,
tidd7457c,
yid85f8c5,
txuxts,
ffy,
fgyyu,
yy7,
dt66,
dudyoddy,
rdyf7f,
s45d6f6f,
tdyd6f,
ts6d6d,
yeerufc,
e6ydyc,
tstd6f,
r66r7f,
tee66d,
te6d6d,
te6d5d,
rsstx5d,
re5d5d,
ree6d6d,
e55x5x,
e55dyxc6d,
e55s5s,
tss5tx,
tdud7c,
st5d6d,
ts5x6x,
ts5d6x,
tsyd6,
st5xx,
te6dcy,
re5e6xy ,
teycy ,
ye7r7d7,
yrydyc,
te6r6d,
amphibians ,frog
rodent,rabbit mouse rat front teeth
slothful,lazy
ornithology ,birds
orology,mountains
feud,vendetta
bite the dust,suffer a defeat
12x+5y=391
10x-3y=161,
bellicose,
sn,n/2[2a+(n-1)d]
1+2+3....n,n(n+1)/2
1sq+2sq....nsq,n(n+1)(2n+1)/6
1cb+2cb...ncb,[n(n+1)/2]sq
1sq+2sq....sum,
ggr4yt,
fftrt,
The LCM of two numbers is 864
and their HCF is 144. If one of
the number is 288, the other
number is,
The HCF and LCM of two numbers
are 12 and 924 respectively.
Then the number of such pairs is,
conjunction ,
surmise, क
voracious ,
anodyne, क
platitudinous,
platitude, र
perciflage,
euthanasia,इ
euphoria,
euphony,Shruti र द द
evanesce,ग
evanescent, गर
opulent,
affluence,
indigent,द र
indigence, द
penuriousness,द र
penurious,द र
clandestine,ग
bovine ,ग ज
vicarious , क
penury,द र
rustication,
rusticate,
rusticity,
rustic,द
scintilla, क
devitalization,nirjivikaran
devitalize,
ovulate, tsarg
ovary,
ovoid, कर
vividness,ज व
vivid, जव
convivibility, कल
scintillating,ज कर
stoical,udasin
perspicaqcious, दक
ingenuous, रल
indefatigable, क
convivial,
hypertensive, र
hypotension, र
hypochondria,र ग
prurient,क
thrive, ल
Area of a rectangle,Length x Width
Perimeter of a rectangle,2 x (Length + Width)
Area of a square,Side x Side
Perimeter of a square,4 x Side
Area of a triangle,(Base x Height) / 2
Perimeter of a triangle,Side1 + Side2 + Side3
Area of a circle,π x (Radius^2)
Circumference of a circle,2 x π x Radius
Volume of a cube,Side^3
Surface area of a cube,6 x (Side^2)
Volume of a rectangular prism,Length x Width x Height
Surface area of a rectangular prism,2 x (Length x Width + Width x Height
+ Height x Length)
Volume of a cylinder,π x (Radius^2) x Height
Surface area of a cylinder,2 x π x Radius x (Radius + Height)
Volume of a sphere,(4/3) x π x (Radius^3)
Surface area of a sphere,4 x π x (Radius^2)
Area of a trapezoid,((Base1 + Base2) x Height) / 2
Perimeter of a trapezoid,Side1 + Side2 + Side3 + Side4
Perimeter of a parallelogram,2 x (Side1 + Side2)
Area of a rhombus,(Diagonal1 x Diagonal2) / 2
Perimeter of a rhombus,4 x Side
Area of an equilateral triangle,(Side^2 x √3) / 4
Perimeter of an equilateral triangle,3 x Side
Pythagorean theorem,a^2 + b^2 = c^2
Distance between two points in a coordinate plane,√((x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 -
y1)^2)
Midpoint formula,((x1 + x2) / 2, (y1 + y2) / 2)
Slope-intercept form of a linear equation,y = mx + b
Point-slope form of a linear equation,y - y1 = m(x - x1)
Area of a sector,(θ/360) x π x (Radius^2)
Arc length,(θ/360) x 2 x π x Radius
Law of Sines,a/sin(A) = b/sin(B) = c/sin(C)
Law of Cosines,c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2abcos(C)
Volume of a cone,(1/3) x π x (Radius^2) x Height
Surface area of a cone,π x Radius x (Radius + √(Radius^2 + Height^2))
Volume of a pyramid,(1/3) x Base Area x Height
Surface area of a pyramid,Base Area + (1/2) x Perimeter x Slant Height
Volume of a prism,Base Area x Height
Surface area of a prism,2 x Base Area + Base Perimeter x Height
Area of a circle segment,Area of Circle Sector - Area of Triangle
Area of an ellipse,π x Semi-Major Axis x Semi-Minor Axis
Arc length of a circle,(θ/360) x 2 x π x Radius
Chord length of a circle,2 x Radius x sin(θ/2)
Inscribed angle of a circle,1/2 the measure of its intercepted arc
Circumscribed angle of a circle,1/2 the measure of its intercepted arc
Area of a regular polygon,(Perimeter x Apothem) / 2
Perimeter of a regular polygon,Number of Sides x Side Length
Sum of interior angles in a polygon,(Number of Sides - 2) x 180 degrees
Exterior angle of a polygon,360 degrees / Number of Sides
Area of a hexagon,(3√3 x Side^2) / 2
Perimeter of a hexagon,6 x Side
Area of a pentagon,(1/4) x √(5 x (5 + 2√5)) x Side^2
Perimeter of a pentagon,5 x Side
Area of an octagon,2 x (1 + √2) x Side^2
Perimeter of an octagon,8 x Side
Area of a decagon,(1/4) x √(5 x (5 + 2√5)) x Side^2 x 2.5
Perimeter of a decagon,10 x Side
Area of a dodecagon,(3√3 x Side^2) x 3
Perimeter of a dodecagon,12 x Side
Area of an icosagon,(5/4) x √(5 x (5 + 2√5)) x Side^2
Perimeter of an icosagon,20 x Side
Noun,A word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea.
Verb,A word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being.
Adjective,A word that describes or modifies a noun.
Adverb,A word that describes or modifies a verb, adjective, or other
adverb.
Pronoun,A word that takes the place of a noun.
Preposition,A word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun
and another word in the sentence.
Conjunction,A word that connects words, phrases, or clauses.
Interjection,A word or phrase that expresses strong emotion or surprise.
Subject,The noun or pronoun that performs the action or is being
described in a sentence.
Predicate,The part of a sentence that contains the verb and provides
information about the subject.
Direct Object,A noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb
directly.
Indirect Object,A noun or pronoun that receives the direct object or that
is affected by the action of the verb.
Subject-Verb Agreement,The concept that a verb must agree with its
subject in number and person.
Tense,The form of a verb that indicates the time of an action or state of
being.
Present Simple Tense,Used to describe habitual actions, general truths,
and permanent situations.
Present Continuous Tense,Used to describe actions happening at the moment
of speaking or temporary situations.
Present Perfect Tense,Used to describe actions that started in the past
and continue into the present or have just finished.
Past Simple Tense,Used to describe actions that happened and finished at
a specific time in the past.
Past Continuous Tense,Used to describe actions that were happening at a
specific time in the past.
Past Perfect Tense,Used to describe actions that happened before a
specific time in the past.
Future Simple Tense,Used to describe actions that will happen in the
future.
Future Continuous Tense,Used to describe actions that will be happening
at a specific time in the future.
Future Perfect Tense,Used to describe actions that will have happened
before a specific time in the future.
Active Voice,The subject of the sentence performs the action.
Passive Voice,The subject of the sentence receives the action.
Comparative Degree,Used to compare two things.
Superlative Degree,Used to compare three or more things.
Articles,Words used before nouns to indicate whether the noun refers to a
specific or general item.
Definite Article,The word 'the', used to refer to a specific item.
Indefinite Article,The words 'a' and 'an', used to refer to a general
item.
Countable Noun,A noun that can be counted.
Uncountable Noun,A noun that cannot be counted.
Plural Noun,A noun that refers to more than one item.
Singular Noun,A noun that refers to only one item.
Possessive Noun,A noun that shows ownership or possession.
Simple Sentence,A sentence that contains one independent clause.
Compound Sentence,A sentence that contains two or more independent
clauses joined by a conjunction.
Complex Sentence,A sentence that contains one independent clause and one
or more dependent clauses.
Compound-Complex Sentence,A sentence that contains two or more
independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
Subjective Pronoun,Used as the subject of a sentence.
Objective Pronoun,Used as the object of a verb or preposition.
Possessive Pronoun,Shows ownership or possession.
Reflexive Pronoun,Refers back to the subject of the sentence.
Intensive Pronoun,Emphasizes a noun or pronoun in a sentence.
Coordinating Conjunction,Joins words, phrases, or independent clauses of
equal importance.
Correlative Conjunction,Used in pairs to join words, phrases, or
independent clauses.
Subordinating Conjunction,Introduces a dependent clause and indicates its
relationship to the rest of the sentence.
Relative Pronoun,Introduces a relative clause and relates it to the rest
of the sentence.
Interrogative Pronoun,Used to ask questions.
Demonstrative Pronoun,Points out a specific person, place, thing, or
idea.
Indefinite Pronoun,Refers to a nonspecific person, place, thing, or idea.
Prepositional Phrase,A group of words that begins with a preposition and
ends with a noun or pronoun.
Adjective Phrase,A group of words that functions as an adjective in a
sentence.
Adverb Phrase,A group of words that functions as an adverb in a sentence.
Noun Phrase,A group of words that functions as a noun in a sentence.
Verb Phrase,A group of words that functions as a verb in a sentence.
Gerund,A verb form ending in -ing that functions as a noun.
Infinitive,The base form of a verb, often preceded by 'to', that
functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
Participle,A verb form that functions as an adjective.
Conjunctions of Time,Used to indicate when an action or event takes
place.
Conjunctions of Place,Used to indicate where an action or event takes
place.
Conjunctions of Manner,Used to indicate how an action or event takes
place.
Conjunctions of Reason,Used to indicate why an action or event takes
place.
Conjunctions of Condition,Used to indicate the condition under which an
action or event takes place.
A bird in the hand,Something that is certain or already obtained
All ears,Listening intently
Bite the bullet,To face a difficult or unpleasant situation with courage
Break a leg,Good luck
Burn the midnight oil,To work late into the night
By the book,Following the rules exactly
Caught between a rock and a hard place,In a difficult situation with no
good options
Cost an arm and a leg,To be very expensive
Cry over spilled milk,To be upset about something that has already
happened and cannot be changed
Cutting corners,Doing something in a quick or cheap way that sacrifices
quality
Don't count your chickens before they hatch,Don't assume something will
happen before it actually happens
Don't put all your eggs in one basket,Don't risk everything on a single
opportunity
Drop the ball,To make a mistake or fail to do something
Get a taste of your own medicine,To experience the same negative
treatment that one has given to others
Get cold feet,To suddenly become too afraid or nervous to do something
Go the extra mile,To put in extra effort or go above and beyond what is
expected
It takes two to tango,Both parties involved are responsible for a
situation
Jump on the bandwagon,To join or support a popular trend or cause
Piece of cake,Something that is very easy
Put all your cards on the table,To be completely open and honest
Rain on someone's parade,To spoil someone's plans or happiness
Rome wasn't built in a day,It takes time to achieve something great
Shoot yourself in the foot,To do something that harms your own interests
Spill the beans,To reveal a secret
Take it with a grain of salt,To not completely believe or trust something
The ball is in your court,It is your turn to take action or make a
decision
The best of both worlds,A situation that has the advantages of two
different things
The early bird catches the worm,Those who act early have the best chance
of success
The last straw,The final problem or annoyance that makes someone lose
patience
Throw in the towel,To give up or surrender
You can't judge a book by its cover,You can't judge someone or something
by appearance alone
Your guess is as good as mine,I have no idea
Zip your lip,To be quiet or stop talking
Theme,The central idea or message of a poem
Haiku,A traditional form of Japanese poetry with three lines
Elegy,A poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead
Lyric,A short poem expressing personal emotions or feelings
Diction,The choice and use of words and phrases in a poem
Sestet,A stanza of six lines
Octave,A stanza of eight lines
Couplet,A pair of lines that rhyme and have the same meter
Trochaic,A metrical pattern with stressed syllables followed by
unstressed syllables
Anapestic,A metrical pattern with two unstressed syllables followed by a
stressed syllable
Dactylic,A metrical pattern with a stressed syllable followed by two
unstressed syllables
Petrarchan Sonnet,A sonnet with an octave and a sestet, often with a
volta between them
Shakespearean Sonnet,A sonnet with three quatrains and a final couplet,
often with a volta after the third quatrain
Pastoral,A poem that depicts rural life or the countryside
Epitaph,A short inscription on a tombstone or a commemorative poem about
someone who has died
Satire,A poem that uses humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize or
mock
Assonance,The repetition of vowel sounds in a line of poetry
Caesura,A pause or break in a line of poetry
Sibilance,The repetition of 's' sounds in a line of poetry
Elegiac,Expressing sorrow or mourning
Enjambment,The continuation of a sentence or clause across line breaks
Epiphora,The repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive
clauses
Epigram,A brief, clever, and memorable statement
Limerick,A humorous poem with five lines and a specific rhyme scheme
Meter,The rhythmical pattern of a poem
Stanza,A group of lines in a poem, similar to a paragraph
Irony,The use of words to convey a meaning that is opposite of its
literal meaning
Abandon,To leave behind or give up completely
Accommodate,To provide lodging or make room for
Acquire,To obtain or come into possession of
Adapt,To adjust or modify to suit a new purpose or condition
Adequate,Sufficient or suitable for a specific purpose
Adhere,To stick or cling to
Administer,To manage or direct the affairs of
Adolescent,A young person who is in the process of developing from a
child to an adult
Aesthetic,Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty
Aggravate,To make worse or more severe
Alleviate,To make suffering, pain, or hardship less severe
Ample,Plenty or more than enough
Analyze,To examine in detail for the purpose of explanation or
interpretation
Anticipate,To expect or look forward to
Apprehensive,Anxious or fearful that something bad or unpleasant will
happen
Articulate,Expressing oneself clearly and effectively
Assess,To evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of
Assume,To suppose to be the case without proof
Astonish,To greatly surprise or impress
Attain,To achieve or accomplish
Attribute,To regard as being caused by someone or something
Augment,To make something greater by adding to it
Authentic,Genuine or real
Avid,Having or showing a keen interest or enthusiasm
Baffle,To confuse or perplex
Barren,Not capable of producing offspring or vegetation
Bizarre,Very strange or unusual
Boisterous,Noisy, energetic, and cheerful
Brevity,Concise and exact use of words in writing or speech
Candid,Truthful and straightforward
Capable,Having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or
achieve a specified thing
Cascade,A small waterfall
Celebrate,To acknowledge a significant event or occasion with a social
gathering or enjoyable activity
Circumstance,A fact or condition connected with or relevant to an event
or action
Coherent,Logical and consistent
Collaborate,To work jointly with others or together especially in an
intellectual endeavor
Compassion,Sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes
of others
Competent,Having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do
something successfully
Comply,To act in accordance with a wish or command
Conceal,To keep from sight or prevent from being known
Conceive,To form or devise a plan or idea in the mind
Concise,Giving a lot of information clearly and in a few words
Condemn,To express complete disapproval of, typically in public
Confer,To grant or bestow a title, degree, benefit, or right
Confine,To keep or restrict someone or something within certain limits
Conform,To comply with rules, standards, or laws
Confront,To face up to and deal with a problem or difficult situation
Conscious,Aware of and responding to one's surroundings
Conserve,To protect (something, especially an environmentally or
culturally important place or thing) from harm or destruction
Considerable,Notably large in size, amount, or extent
Conspire,To make secret plans jointly to commit an unlawful or harmful
act
Contemplate,To think about something deeply
Contradict,To deny the truth of (a statement) by asserting the opposite
Contribute,To give (something, especially money) in order to help achieve
or provide something
Convince,To cause someone to believe firmly in the truth of something
Credible,Able to be believed; convincing
Cultivate,To prepare and use (land) for crops or gardening
Cumbersome,Large or heavy and therefore difficult to carry or use
Debate,A formal discussion on a particular topic in a public meeting or
legislative assembly, in which opposing arguments are put forward and
which usually ends with a vote
Decipher,To convert (a text written in code, or a coded signal) into
normal language
Deficient,Not having enough of a specified quality or ingredient
Deplete,To use up the supply or resources of
Desolate,Deserted of people and in a state of bleak and dismal emptiness
Deteriorate,To become progressively worse
Devastate,To destroy or ruin
Diminish,To make or become less
Disclose,To make (secret or new information) known
Dispute,A disagreement or argument
Diverse,Showing a great deal of variety; very different
Drastic,Likely to have a strong or far-reaching effect; radical and
extreme
Dwindle,To diminish gradually in size, amount, or strength
Eccentric,Unconventional and slightly strange
Elicit,To evoke or draw out (a response, answer, or fact) from someone
Elusive,Difficult to find, catch, or achieve
Embrace,To hold (someone) closely in one's arms, especially as a sign of
affection
Emerge,To move out of or away from something and become visible
Empathy,The ability to understand and share the feelings of another
Endorse,To declare one's public approval or support of
Enhance,To intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or
extent of
Enlighten,To give (someone) greater knowledge and understanding about a
subject or situation
Eradicate,To destroy completely; put an end to
Evoke,To bring or recall to the conscious mind
Exaggerate,To represent (something) as being larger, better, or worse
than it really is
Exhaust,To use up (resources or reserves) completely
Exhilarating,Making one feel very happy, animated, or elated
Exquisite,Extremely beautiful and delicate
Fascinate,To draw irresistibly the attention and interest of (someone)
Flourish,To grow or develop in a healthy or vigorous way
Formulate,To create or devise methodically (a strategy or a proposal)
Frequent,Happening or occurring at short intervals
Frugal,Sparing or economical with regard to money or food
Fulfill,To bring to completion or reality; achieve or realize (something
desired, promised, or predicted)
Generate,To produce or create
Glorious,Having, worthy of, or bringing fame or admiration
Gracious,Courteous, kind, and pleasant
Grieve,To cause great distress to (someone)
Hazard,A danger or risk
Hesitate,To pause before saying or doing something, especially through
uncertainty
Hypothesize,To put forward a proposition or possible explanation for
(something) (often based on a limited amount of evidence)
Illuminate,To light up
Imitate,To copy or simulate
Implement,To put (a decision, plan, agreement, etc.) into effect
Impose,To force (something unwelcome or unfamiliar) to be accepted or put
in place
Indicate,To point out or show
Inhibit,To hinder, restrain, or prevent (an action or process)
Innovate,To make changes in something established, especially by
introducing new methods, ideas, or products
Inquire,To ask for information from someone
Inspire,To fill (someone) with the urge or ability to do or feel
something, especially to do something creative
Instigate,To bring about or initiate (an action or event)
Integrate,To combine (one thing) with another so that they become a whole
Interpret,To explain the meaning of (information, words, or actions)
Intervene,To come between so as to prevent or alter a result or course of
events
Intricate,Very complicated or detailed
Intuitive,Using or based on what one feels to be true even without
conscious reasoning
Invoke,To cite or appeal to (someone or something) as an authority for an
action or in support of an argument
Isolate,To cause (a person or place) to be or remain alone or apart from
others
Jeopardize,To put (someone or something) into a situation in which there
is a danger of loss, harm, or failure
Keen,Having or showing eagerness or enthusiasm
Lament,To express passionate grief about
Lavish,Sumptuously rich, elaborate, or luxurious
Legitimate,Conforming to the law or to rules
Liberate,To set (someone) free from a situation, especially imprisonment
or slavery, in which their liberty is severely restricted
Linger,To stay in a place longer than necessary because of a reluctance
to leave
Magnify,To make (something) appear larger than it is, especially with a
lens or microscope
Meticulous,Showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise
Migrate,To move from one area or country to settle in another, especially
in search of work
Minimize,To reduce (something, especially something unwanted or
unpleasant) to the smallest possible amount or degree
Mobilize,To prepare and organize (troops) for active service
Modify,To make partial or minor changes to (something)
Monitor,To observe and check the progress or quality of (something) over
a period of time; keep under systematic review
Mundane,Lacking interest or excitement; dull
Neglect,To fail to care for properly
Nurture,To care for and encourage the growth or development of
Observe,To notice or perceive (something) and register it as being
significant
Obtain,To get, acquire, or secure (something)
Omit,To leave out or exclude (someone or something), either intentionally
or forgetfully
Overwhelm,To bury or drown beneath a huge mass
Perceive,To become aware or conscious of (something); come to realize or
understand
Persevere,To continue in a course of action even in the face of
difficulty or with little or no prospect of success
Ponder,To think about (something) carefully, especially before making a
decision or reaching a conclusion
Precise,Marked by exactness and accuracy of expression or detail
Prevent,To keep (something) from happening or arising
Profound,Very great or intense
Prohibit,To formally forbid (something) by law, rule, or other authority
Prompt,To cause or bring about (an action or feeling)
Prolong,To extend the duration of
Qualify,To be entitled to a particular benefit or privilege by fulfilling
a necessary condition
Quench,To satisfy (one's thirst) by drinking
Rapid,Happening in a short time or at a fast pace
Rational,Based on or in accordance with reason or logic
Reconcile,To restore friendly relations between
Reflect,To think deeply or carefully about
Reinforce,To strengthen or support (an object or substance), especially
with additional material
Reluctant,Unwilling and hesitant
Reminisce,To indulge in enjoyable recollection of past events
Renew,To resume (an activity) after an interruption
Replenish,To fill (something) up again
Resemble,To have a similar appearance to or qualities in common with
(someone or something)
Resilient,Able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions
Restrain,To prevent (someone or something) from doing something; keep
under control or within limits
Retain,To continue to have (something); keep possession of
Reveal,To make (previously unknown or secret information) known to others
Revive,To regain life, consciousness, or strength
Ridicule,To subject (someone or something) to contemptuous and dismissive
language or behavior
Rural,In, relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than
the town
Safeguard,To protect or guard against damage, loss, or injury
Scorn,To feel or express contempt or derision for
Seclude,To keep (someone) away from other people
Simplify,To make (something) simpler or easier to do or understand
Skeptical,Not easily convinced; having doubts or reservations
Soothe,To gently calm (a person or their feelings)
Spontaneous,Performed or occurring as a result of a sudden inner impulse
or inclination and without premeditation or external stimulus
Stimulate,To encourage or arouse interest or enthusiasm in
Strive,To make great efforts to achieve or obtain something
Substitute,To use or add in place of
Tolerate,To allow the existence, occurrence, or practice of (something
that one dislikes or disagrees with) without interference
Transcend,To be or go beyond the range or limits of (something abstract,
typically a conceptual field or division)
Transparent,Allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be
distinctly seen
Utilize,To make practical and effective use of
Vivid,Producing powerful feelings or strong, clear images in the mind
Wary,Feeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems
Weary,Feeling or showing tiredness, especially as a result of excessive
exertion or lack of sleep
Widespread,Found or distributed over a large area or number of people
Withdraw,To remove or take away (something) from a particular place or
position
Yearn,To have an intense feeling of longing for something, typically
something that one has lost or been separated from
able,capable of or fit for
al,relating to or characterized by
ance,state or quality of
ant,one who or that which
ary,relating to or connected with
ed,past tense or past participle
en,to make or become
er,one who
est,most
ful,full of or characterized by
ic,relating to or characterized by
ing,action or process
ion,act or process of
ish,having the quality of
ive,having the nature of
ly,in a particular manner
ment,result or product of
ness,state or quality of being
ous,full of or characterized by
ship,state or condition of
sion,state or quality of
tion,act or process of
y,characterized by or inclined to
Cat got your tongue?,Asking why someone is not speaking
Don't cry over spilled milk,Don't worry about something that has already
happened
Easier said than done,Something that is easy to talk about but difficult
to do
Fit as a fiddle,In good physical health
Hit the nail on the head,To be exactly right
In the same boat,In the same difficult situation
Make a long story short,To give a brief summary
Saved by the bell,Saved at the last possible moment
able,capable of or fit for
al,relating to or characterized by
ance,state or quality of
ant,one who or that which
ary,relating to or connected with
ed,past tense or past participle
en,to make or become
er,one who
est,most
ful,full of or characterized by
ic,relating to or characterized by
ing,action or process
ion,act or process of
ish,having the quality of
ive,having the nature of
ly,in a particular manner
ment,result or product of
ness,state or quality of being
ous,full of or characterized by
ship,state or condition of
sion,state or quality of
tion,act or process of
y,characterized by or inclined to
Subject-Verb Agreement,The subject and verb in a sentence must agree in
number and person.
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement,A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in
number and gender.
Parallel Structure,Items in a list or series should be in the same
grammatical form.
Verb Tenses,Use appropriate verb tenses to indicate the time of an action
or state.
Modal Verbs,Modal verbs are used to express ability, possibility,
necessity, or permission.
Conditional Sentences,Use different verb forms to express different types
of conditions.
Relative Clauses,Relative clauses provide additional information about a
noun.
Passive Voice,The subject of a sentence receives the action of the verb.
Comparatives and Superlatives,Comparatives compare two things, while
superlatives compare more than two.
Articles,Use 'a' or 'an' for non-specific nouns and 'the' for specific
nouns.
Prepositions,Prepositions show the relationship between a noun or pronoun
and other words in a sentence.
Adjectives vs Adverbs,Adjectives modify nouns, while adverbs modify
verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
Gerunds and Infinitives,Gerunds function as nouns, while infinitives
function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.
Phrasal Verbs,Phrasal verbs consist of a verb and one or more particles.
Noun Clauses,Noun clauses function as subjects, objects, or complements
in a sentence.
Adverbial Clauses,Adverbial clauses provide information about time,
place, condition, reason, or manner.
Coordinating Conjunctions,Coordinating conjunctions connect words,
phrases, or clauses of equal importance.
Subordinating Conjunctions,Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent
clauses.
Relative Pronouns,Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses and refer
back to a noun.
Indirect Speech,Reported speech is used to convey what someone else said.
Countable and Uncountable Nouns,Countable nouns can be counted, while
uncountable nouns cannot.
Subject and Object Pronouns,Subject pronouns are used as the subject of a
sentence, while object pronouns are used as the object.
Modal Perfects,Modal perfects express past actions that were possible,
necessary, or desired.
Infinitives of Purpose,Infinitives of purpose express the purpose or
intention of an action.
Indefinite Pronouns,Indefinite pronouns refer to non-specific people or
things.
Gerunds as Subjects,Gerunds can function as the subject of a sentence.
Phrasal Verbs with Multiple Meanings,Phrasal verbs can have different
meanings depending on context.
Comparative Structures,Use comparative structures to compare two things.
Superlative Structures,Use superlative structures to compare more than
two things.
Negative Structures,Use negative structures to express negation in a
sentence.
Prepositional Phrases,Prepositional phrases consist of a preposition and
its object.
Adjective Clauses,Adjective clauses provide additional information about
a noun.
Adverb Clauses of Time,Adverb clauses of time provide information about
when an action occurs.
Coordinating Adjectives,Use a comma to separate two or more coordinating
adjectives.
Subordinating Adjectives,Subordinating adjectives introduce dependent
clauses that function as adjectives.
Reflexive Pronouns,Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and
object of a sentence are the same.
Indirect Objects,Indirect objects receive the direct object of a
sentence.
Modal Verbs for Deduction,Modal verbs can be used to make deductions or
express probability.
Infinitives of Result,Infinitives of result express the outcome or result
of an action.
Indefinite Adjectives,Indefinite adjectives refer to non-specific
quantities or amounts.
Participial Phrases,Participial phrases consist of a participle and its
modifiers.
Adverb Clauses of Place,Adverb clauses of place provide information about
where an action occurs.
Coordinating Adverbs,Coordinating adverbs connect words, phrases, or
clauses of equal importance.
Subordinating Adverbs,Subordinating adverbs introduce dependent clauses
that function as adverbs.
Intensive Pronouns,Intensive pronouns emphasize a noun or pronoun in a
sentence.
Direct Objects,Direct objects receive the action of the verb.
Modal Verbs for Advice,Modal verbs can be used to give advice or make
suggestions.
Infinitives of Obligation,Infinitives of obligation express a duty or
necessity.
Interrogative Adjectives,Interrogative adjectives are used to ask
questions about nouns.
Participial Adjectives,Participial adjectives are formed from participles
and modify nouns.
Adverb Clauses of Reason,Adverb clauses of reason provide information
about why an action occurs.
Adverb Clauses of Manner,Adverb clauses of manner provide information
about how an action occurs.
Reflexive Verbs,Reflexive verbs indicate that the subject is performing
the action on itself.
Indirect Questions,Indirect questions are used to report what someone
asked.
Modal Verbs for Possibility,Modal verbs can be used to express
possibility or uncertainty.
Infinitives of Permission,Infinitives of permission express the granting
of permission.
Demonstrative Adjectives,Demonstrative adjectives point out specific
nouns.
Participial Adverbs,Participial adverbs are formed from participles and
modify verbs.
Adverb Clauses of Condition,Adverb clauses of condition provide
information about a condition that must be met.
Infinitives of Prohibition,Infinitives of prohibition express the
forbidding of an action.
Adverb Clauses of Purpose,Adverb clauses of purpose provide information
about the purpose or intention of an action.
Modal Verbs for Certainty,Modal verbs can be used to express certainty or
confidence.
Appositive Phrases,Appositive phrases provide additional information
about a noun.
Possessive Pronouns,Possessive pronouns show ownership or possession.
Adverb Clauses of Concession,Adverb clauses of concession provide
information about a concession or contrast.
Absolute Phrases,Absolute phrases provide additional information about
the main clause.
Possessive Adjectives,Possessive adjectives show ownership or possession.
Object of the Preposition,The object of the preposition is the noun or
pronoun that follows a preposition.
Adverb Clauses of Result,Adverb clauses of result provide information
about the result or consequence of an action.
Infinitives of Preference,Infinitives of preference express a choice or
preference.
Reciprocal Pronouns,Reciprocal pronouns indicate a mutual action or
relationship between two or more people or things.
Adverb Clauses of Contrast,Adverb clauses of contrast provide information
about a contrast or contradiction.
Modal Verbs for Obligation,Modal verbs can be used to express obligation
or necessity.
Reciprocal Verbs,Reciprocal verbs indicate a mutual action or
relationship between two or more subjects.
Prepositional Objects,Prepositional objects are the nouns or pronouns
that follow a preposition.
abandon,to leave behind or give up
absorb,to take in or soak up
accommodate,to provide lodging or to fit in with
accumulate,to gather or collect over time
adapt,to adjust or modify
adequate,sufficient or suitable
administer,to manage or control
advocate,to support or recommend
alleviate,to relieve or reduce
analyze,to examine or study in detail
annotate,to add notes or comments
anticipate,to expect or predict
apparent,obvious or clear
appreciate,to recognize the value or importance of
articulate,to express clearly or coherently
assert,to state or declare confidently
assess,to evaluate or judge
assume,to suppose or take for granted
attain,to achieve or accomplish
attribute,to ascribe or credit to
authorize,to give official permission or approval
benefit,an advantage or positive outcome
bias,prejudice or preference
calculate,to determine by mathematical methods
caption,a title or explanation for an image
cite,to quote or refer to as evidence
clarify,to make clear or understandable
coherent,logical or consistent
collaborate,to work together or cooperate
combine,to join or merge
commence,to begin or start
comparable,similar or equivalent
compile,to gather or collect information
complement,to complete or enhance
comprehensive,thorough or complete
conceive,to imagine or understand
concentrate,to focus or give attention to
conclude,to bring to an end or decide
conduct,to carry out or manage
conform,to comply or adhere to
consequence,a result or effect
consistent,regular or steady
construct,to build or create
contribute,to give or provide
convince,to persuade or make someone believe
correlate,to relate or connect
critique,a detailed analysis or review
cumulative,increasing or growing by accumulation
deduce,to infer or derive by reasoning
defend,to protect or support
demonstrate,to show or prove
derive,to obtain or come from
designate,to assign or name
detect,to discover or identify
deviate,to depart or stray from
differentiate,to distinguish or recognize as different
diminish,to reduce or make smaller
disclose,to reveal or make known
discrepancy,a difference or inconsistency
dismiss,to reject or disregard
displace,to take the place of or remove
display,to show or exhibit
dispose,to get rid of or arrange
distinguish,to recognize or differentiate
distort,to twist or misrepresent
distribute,to give out or spread
diverse,varied or different
dominate,to control or have power over
dramatic,sudden or striking
duration,the length of time
economical,efficient or cost-effective
elevate,to raise or lift up
eliminate,to remove or get rid of
emerge,to come forth or appear
empirical,based on observation or experience
enable,to make possible or enable
encounter,to come across or meet
endeavor,to strive or attempt
enhance,to improve or increase
ensure,to make sure or guarantee
entity,a distinct or separate thing
equivalent,equal or comparable
erode,to wear away or diminish
establish,to set up or create
estimate,to approximate or calculate
evaluate,to assess or judge
evoke,to bring forth or elicit
exaggerate,to overstate or magnify
examine,to inspect or scrutinize
exclude,to leave out or reject
exhibit,to display or show
expand,to increase or enlarge
expedite,to speed up or facilitate
expire,to come to an end or expire
explicate,to explain or clarify
exploit,to take advantage of or utilize
expose,to reveal or make known
extract,to remove or obtain
facilitate,to make easier or assist
factor,a contributing element or cause
feasible,possible or achievable
formulate,to create or develop
function,the purpose or role of something
generate,to produce or create
hypothesis,a proposed explanation or theory
identify,to recognize or establish the identity of
illustrate,to demonstrate or clarify by example
imply,to suggest or indicate without stating directly
impose,to establish or apply by authority
incentive,a motivation or reward
incorporate,to include or combine into a larger whole
indicate,to show or point out
infer,to deduce or conclude from evidence
inhibit,to hinder or restrain
innovate,to introduce new ideas or methods
inspect,to examine or investigate
integrate,to combine or unify
interpret,to explain or understand the meaning of
intervene,to come between or interfere
invoke,to call upon or cite as authority
isolate,to separate or set apart
justify,to provide a reason or explanation
label,to assign a name or category to
leverage,to use to maximum advantage
manifest,to show or demonstrate
maximize,to make as large or great as possible
mediate,to intervene or reconcile differences
merge,to combine or unite
migrate,to move from one place to another
monitor,to observe or keep track of
motivate,to provide a reason or incentive
negate,to deny or nullify
neglect,to ignore or disregard
nominate,to propose or suggest for election
notion,an idea or concept
observe,to watch or notice
obtain,to acquire or get
optimal,best or most favorable
orient,to align or position towards a specific direction
outline,to summarize or give a brief overview
overlook,to miss or fail to notice
overwhelm,to overpower or overcome
participate,to take part or be involved
perceive,to become aware of or understand
perform,to carry out or execute
persist,to continue or endure
perspective,a particular point of view or way of thinking
precede,to come before or precede in time
predict,to forecast or estimate future events
premise,a statement or proposition that serves as a basis for argument
presume,to assume or suppose
prevail,to be dominant or widespread
prohibit,to forbid or prevent
promote,to encourage or support
propose,to suggest or put forward for consideration
provoke,to incite or stimulate
pursue,to follow or chase after
qualify,to meet the necessary requirements
quote,to repeat or reproduce someone else's words
range,the extent or scope of something
reciprocate,to respond in kind or return a favor
recommend,to suggest or endorse
reconcile,to resolve or make compatible
reinforce,to strengthen or support
reject,to refuse or dismiss
Plausible,Seeming reasonable or probable
Prevalent,Widespread in a particular area at a particular time
Relevant,Closely connected or appropriate to the matter at hand
Structure,The arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements
of something complex
Subsequent,Coming after something in time; following
retain,to keep or hold on to
Theory,A supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something
Visualize,Form a mental image of; imagine
Weigh,Consider (a fact, action, or decision) carefully
Analogous,Comparable in certain respects, typically in a way that makes
clearer the nature of the things compared
signify,to indicate or represent
Appreciate,Recognize the full worth of
Artificial,Made or produced by human beings rather than occurring
naturally
Assumption,A thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen,
without proof
Attribute,Regard something as being caused by (someone or something)
Bear,Carry the weight of; support or hold up
Cite,Refer to (a passage, book, or author) as evidence for or
justification of an argument or statement
Conceive,Form or devise (a plan or idea) in the mind
Correlate,Have a mutual relationship or connection
Decipher,Convert (a text written in code, or a coded signal) into normal
language
Deficit,The amount by which something, especially a sum of money, is too
small
Deviate,Depart from an established course
underscore,to emphasize or highlight
undertake,to take on or begin
Emerge,Move out of or away from something and become visible
widespread,common or prevalent
Academic,Related to education and learning, especially in schools and
universities.
Achieve,To successfully reach a goal or target.
Analysis, व
Appropriate,Suitable or fitting for a particular purpose or situation.
Argument,A set of reasons or statements put forward to support or prove a
point of view.
Challenge,A difficult task or situation that requires effort or
determination.
Depict,To represent or portray something in a particular way.
Discuss,To talk or write about something in detail, presenting different
sides or ideas.
Effective,Successful in producing a desired or intended result.
Identify,To recognize or establish the identity of someone or something.
Imply,To indicate or suggest something without explicitly stating it.
Investigate,To carry out a systematic or formal inquiry to discover and
examine the facts of something.
Policy,A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a
government, party, or individual.
Promote,To support or actively encourage the development or growth of
something.
Significant,Sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention;
noteworthy.
Subsequent,Coming after something in time; following.
Assumption,A belief or idea that is accepted as true without proof.
Determine,To establish or ascertain definitely, typically as a result of
research or calculation.
Emphasize,To give special importance or prominence to something in
speaking or writing.
Function,The purpose or role that someone or something has in a
particular situation.
Impact,The effect or influence that an event, situation, or person has on
someone or something.
Interpret,To explain the meaning of something.
Perspective,A particular attitude or way of regarding something; a point
of view.
Articulate,Expressing oneself clearly and effectively
Recognize,To identify someone or something or acknowledge the existence
or validity of something.
Research,The systematic investigation into and study of materials and
sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
Similar,Resembling or having a likeness to something or someone.
Structure,The arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements
of something.
Analyze,To examine something in great detail in order to understand it
better.
Concentrate,To focus all one's attention or mental effort on a particular
object or activity.
Evidence,Facts, information, or signs that show something is true or
exists.
Factor,A circumstance, fact, or influence that contributes to a result or
outcome.
Influence,The capacity to have an effect on the character, development,
or behavior of someone or something.
Plausible,Seeming reasonable or probable.
Prevent,To stop something from happening or someone from doing something.
Survey,A general view, examination, or description of someone or
something.
Weigh,To consider and compare or assess something.
Academic, ल
Adequate,Sufficient; enough
Ambitious, क
Analyze, व
Application,The act of putting something into operation
Coherent,Logical and consistent
Comprehensive,Including all or nearly all elements or aspects of
something
Consequence,A result or effect of an action or condition
Contradict,Deny the truth of (a statement) by asserting the opposite
Demonstrate,Clearly show the existence or truth of (something) by giving
proof or evidence
Depict,Show or represent by a drawing, painting, or other art form
Economical,Giving good value or service in relation to the amount of
money, time, or effort spent
Emphasize,Give special importance or prominence to (something) in
speaking or writing
Examine,Inspect (someone or something) in detail to determine their
nature or condition
Factor,A circumstance, fact, or influence that contributes to a result or
outcome
Generalize,Make a general or broad statement by inferring from specific
cases
Justify,Show or prove to be right or reasonable
Objective,Not influenced by personal feelings or opinions; considering
only facts
Pattern,A repeated decorative design
Sufficient,Enough; adequate
Anticipate,Regard as probable; expect or predict
Contrast,The state of being strikingly different from something else
Critique,A detailed analysis and assessment of something, especially a
literary, philosophical, or political theory
Deprive,Deny (a person or place) the possession or use of something
Differentiate,Recognize or ascertain what makes (someone or something)
different
Discrepancy,A lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more
facts
Diverse,Showing a great deal of variety; very different
Enhance,Intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or
extent of
Envision,Imagine as a future possibility; visualize
Equate,Consider (one thing) to be the same as or equivalent to another
Evaluate,Form an idea of the amount, number, or value of; assess
Explicit,Stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or
doubt
Facilitate,Make (an action or process) easy or easier
Function,An activity or purpose natural to or intended for a person or
thing
Hence,As a consequence; for this reason
Illuminate,Light up
Imply,Strongly suggest the truth or existence of (something not expressly
stated)
Inhibit,Hinder, restrain, or prevent (an action or process)
Innovative,Introducing new ideas; original and creative in thinking
Interpret,Explain the meaning of (information, words, or actions)
Likelihood,The state or fact of something's being likely; probability
Logic,Reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles of
validity
Modify,Make partial or minor changes to (something)
Notion,A conception of or belief about something
Paradox,A seemingly absurd or contradictory statement or proposition
which when investigated may prove to be well founded or true
Perceive,Become aware or conscious of (something); come to realize or
understand
Pertinent,Relevant or applicable to a particular matter; apposite
Postulate,Suggest or assume the existence, fact, or truth of (something)
as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief
Presume,Suppose that something is the case on the basis of probability
Prevail,Prove more powerful or superior
Principle,A fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the
foundation for a system of belief or behavior or for a chain of reasoning
Profound,Very great or intense
Pursue,Follow (someone or something) in order to catch or attack them
Quantity,The amount or number of a material or immaterial thing not
usually estimated by spatial measurement
Reconcile,Restore friendly relations between
Resemble,Have a similar appearance to or qualities in common with
(someone or something); look or seem like
Revise,Reconsider and alter (something) in the light of further evidence
Signify,Be an indication of
Simulate,Imitate the appearance or character of
Skeptical,Not easily convinced; having doubts or reservations
Theoretical,Concerned with or involving the theory of a subject or area
of study rather than its practical application
Abstract,Existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or
concrete existence
Accommodate,Fit in with the wishes or needs of
Acquire,Buy or obtain (an asset or object) for oneself
Adapt,Make (something) suitable for a new use or purpose; modify
Adhere,Stick fast to (a surface or substance)
Aggregate,A whole formed by combining several (typically disparate)
elements
Alter,Change or cause to change in character or composition, typically in
a comparatively small but significant way
Apparent,Clearly visible or understood; obvious
Appreciation,Recognition and enjoyment of the good qualities of someone
or something
Assess,Evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of
Assume,Suppose to be the case, without proof
Beneficial,Producing or promoting a favorable result; advantageous
Challenge,A task or situation that tests someone's abilities
Conclude,Arrive at a judgment or opinion by reasoning
Critical,Expressing adverse or disapproving comments or judgments
Derive,Obtain something from (a specified source)
Hypothesis,A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of
limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation
Illustrate,Provide (a book, newspaper, etc.) with pictures
Infer,Deduce or conclude (information) from evidence and reasoning rather
than from explicit statements
Influence,The capacity to have an effect on the character, development,
or behavior of someone or something
Investigate,Carry out a systematic or formal inquiry to discover and
examine the facts of (an incident, allegation, etc.)
Observe,Notice or perceive (something) and register it as being
significant
Perspective,A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a
point of view
Proportion,A part, share, or number considered in comparative relation to
a whole
Significant,Sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention
Viable,Capable of working successfully; feasible
Widespread,Found or distributed over a large area or number of people
acephalous,without leadership
acyclic,achakriya
agnostic, वद
amnesia,loss memory
amnesty,forgiveness
amoral,anaitik
amorphous,without shape
analgesia,loss of pain
aphasia,bol n pana
aphonia,lose of voice
asymmetry,without symmetry
atheist,nastik
aml,acid
acropolis,pahad par banaya surakshit kila
profit profit,+++
loss loss,--+
profit loss,+--
loss profit,-+-
d=t(x2 -y2) / 2x,
A man rows a boat 18
kilometres in 4 hours downstream
and returns upstream in
12 hours. The speed of the
stream (in km per hour) is :,
nth term g.p,
ubiquitous, present every where
triumphant,victory
beast,unpleasant
inadvertently,accidentally
abiotic, ज वक
abysmal, र
abyss,bottom
acarpous, ज
acentric, क
behaved nicely,
forbade to,
necessary * must,
acromatic,colourless
abiogenesis,theory
acephalous, व
achromatic,without color
acyclic,
agnosia,व र क
agnostic, व
agonic,क र
agraphia,loss of ability to write
ambrosia,
amnesia, दद क ज
amnesty, र
amoral, क
amorphous,shapeless
anemia, क क
analgesia,loss of ability to feel pain
analgesic,painkiller
anarchy, र जक
anecdote, कल
anonym,
anosmia, क n
apathy, द
aphasia, ल
aphonia,loss of voice due to injury
apnea /apnoea,
asocial, जक
asymmetry,without symmetry
asynchronous, क ल
atheist, क
atom,not to cut
atrophy,without nourishment
acerbic,bitter, sharp
opp of calm
acid,
acrid,pungent
acrimonious,angree and full of strong bitter feelings and words
acumen,क
acute,keen
exacerbate, ग द
acrobat,a high walker
acrobatics,skill of gymnastic
acrocarpous, ल
acrolect,most important language
acro,high, extremely,tip
ac/acr,sharp,bitter
acronym,word form from 1st latter of words
acrophobia,height fear
acropolis, कल
bio,living
carp,fruit
,cephal,head
chrome,color
cycl,circle
gnos,knowledge
gon,angle
graph,writing
lex,reading
brotos,mortal or death
mne,mind
morph,form
emia,blood condition
alg,pain
arch,rule
ecdot,published
osm,smell
pathy,feelings
phasia,speech
pnea,breathing
chron,time
trophy,nutrition
acer,sharp
bat,to walk
lect,language
polis,city
stic,row
a class of ,plural
slender,thin
aloof, व र र र
conscious,ज ग क
cosmopolitan, व ल क
cosmopolitan , व क र लक व लल
diasporas, रद
orthodox, लक वर व कव ज कर कव कर ;
; व , र रग .
frait,weekness
glee,great happiness
reluctance,
amnesia,loss of memory
mne / mind
agnosia,enability to recognize things and people gnos means knowledge
566,
555,
6555,
carp,shout
a,
b,
c,
dhnn,
vgyfn,
grdvgrf,
fvgggb,
fbhf,
fgtuuh,
ghvcfg,
dfccfgrr,
dvcgffg,
vvcffdfcc,
tdrggyy,
dcsdc53,
gddtfgg,
rdvsdvf,
fggdfgyrf,
yhnbhu,
fcdffvvf,
fnuhvf,
sxsddfed,
gvfffg,
tgbcfggt,
nmjuhgg,
jj,lo87,
tgttf,
bnu76yy,
hni77ybv,
vhttff,
jo88uu,
gu654fhu,
fgtrt,
guu6gcdf,
gu66ygt,
g55tt,
hu76ddt,
yu6yhgty,
bu5gft,
hu65yg,
gy654fff,
by655ygg,
ft5tff,
ft5ttf,
vy55tt,
by65yt,
gy5ft,
hy6ugyy,
hy5ytg,
r6rbcg,
g6tgg,
r5tgfgh,
g5fdfgj,
ffrtrr,
bhtcdf,
gy5gf,
dftrff,
h87uhh,
ft4tf,
gyyhg,
t5tgy,
trgff,
vtrffg,
yu6h,
gytgf,
yu5yy,
gy5tt,
r44tr,
fttgy,
g55gg,
t55ygh,
ft5tt,
jiuji,
77yuuuu,
jujui,
iiiuj,
77yhuu,
887ugyu,
877uu,
877uù,
7767u,
5ttt5,
5tf55tt,
45ytt55,
8767yÿ,
766y66,
87ugyy,
87gvhgf,
hbbv,
jhgfdff,
uyfdxx,
kggv,
ssdf,
55fddf,
knbbgh,
asr6,
zaaeed,
6tfff,
7ygv,
5tggy,
uhg,
8uhg,
6yyyg,
jhhh,
kjjnnn,
uhhĥbb,
8uuhgg,
8hɓhh,
76ggg,
77yyty,
8ugyy,
8iuuu,
77uuyyyy,
jjkk,
uuuui,
77u,
8iio9,
87hg,
87yhh,
8uhh,
66uu,
7ggg,
877ujh,
gfhh,
6yhhh,
ggbh,
ju88,
7yhu,
cfgy,
66uiu,
scalene triangle ,
isosceles triangle height ,
quadrilateral area,
parellelogram area perimeter,
rhombus ,
trapezium ,
hexagon area,
sector of circle ,
6tfgb,
8uhhtvgg,
77hhfgg,
8ubnh,
juhhhhh,
itcufg,
6t64f6yvuv,
7g7fufv,
6t6rfyv,
uruxtci,
74s75tic,
7cttci,
7rs75d7d5,
7e4cutc,
7rsx7rtx,
7d5d75c,
8dy8cvy,
58dcit,
7ytf,
4s6dd,
5e5dy,
6r6dy ,
5ettxtx,
5e5xy,
5dycyd,
6e6d6d6c,
5s5xx5,
5rd5x5x,
5e5s5x,
5es55x,
4e5d5x,
5e5stxtx,
5e5s5,
5sttxy,
5e6dd6d,
5ssttx,
4s5sd55x,
5s5d6,
4er66c6c,
6e6dx,
4se5ryryd,
5eyrdy,
5s6r,
1fttþyygft,
Congratulate,To give someone one's good wishes when something special or
pleasant has happened to them
modify,to change or alter
react,to respond or behave in a particular way
rely,to depend or trust
render,to make or cause to be
replicate,to duplicate or reproduce
require,to need or demand
resolve,to settle or find a solution
reveal,to disclose or make known
revise,to amend or alter
rigorous,thorough or strict
satisfy,to fulfill or meet a need
simulate,to imitate or reproduce
solely,only or exclusively
specify,to state or define clearly
stimulate,to encourage or arouse
strive,to make great efforts or struggle
subsequent,following or coming after
substantial,considerable or significant
succeed,to achieve or accomplish
suppress,to prevent or restrain
tolerate,to accept or endure
transform,to change or convert
underlie,to be the basis or foundation of
vary,to differ or change
Assess,To evaluate or judge the quality, importance, or value of
something.
Produce,To make or manufacture from components or raw materials.
Variable,A symbol that represents a quantity that can change
Coefficient,The number multiplied by the variable in a term
Constant,A number that does not change
Expression,A combination of variables, constants, and operations
Equation,A mathematical statement that two expressions are equal
Function,A relation where each input has exactly one output
Domain,The set of all possible input values of a function
Range,The set of all possible output values of a function
Slope,The measure of how steep a line is
Y-intercept,The point where a line crosses the y-axis
X-intercept,The point where a line crosses the x-axis
Parallel lines,Lines that never intersect and have the same slope
Perpendicular lines,Lines that intersect at a 90-degree angle and have
negative reciprocal slopes
Quadratic equation,An equation of the form ax^2 + bx + c = 0
Vertex,The highest or lowest point on a parabola
Axis of symmetry,A vertical line that divides a parabola into two
symmetrical halves
System of equations,A set of equations with the same variables
Exponent,The number that represents how many times a base is multiplied
by itself
Radical,The symbol √ used to represent a square root or other roots
Rational number,A number that can be expressed as a fraction
Irrational number,A number that cannot be expressed as a fraction
Absolute value,The distance of a number from zero on a number line
Factor,A number or expression that divides evenly into another number or
expression
Prime factorization,The expression of a number as a product of prime
numbers
Greatest common factor (GCF),The largest factor that two or more numbers
have in common
Least common multiple (LCM),The smallest multiple that two or more
numbers have in common
Simplifying,The process of reducing an expression to its simplest form
Like terms,Terms that have the same variables raised to the same power
Distributive property,The property that states a(b + c) = ab + ac
Quadratic formula,The formula x = (-b ± √(b^2 - 4ac)) / (2a) used to
solve quadratic equations
Arithmetic sequence,A sequence of numbers in which the difference between
consecutive terms is constant
Geometric sequence,A sequence of numbers in which the ratio between
consecutive terms is constant
Arithmetic mean,The average of a set of numbers
Geometric mean,The square root of the product of two numbers
Function notation,The way of representing a function using f(x)
Inverse function,A function that undoes the action of another function
Composite function,A function that is formed by combining two functions
Exponential function,A function in which the variable appears in the
exponent
Logarithm,The inverse operation of exponentiation
Natural logarithm,A logarithm with base e
Common logarithm,A logarithm with base 10
Quotient rule,The rule for differentiating a quotient of two functions
Product rule,The rule for differentiating a product of two functions
Chain rule,The rule for differentiating composite functions
Rational function,A function that is the ratio of two polynomials
Asymptote,A line that a graph approaches but never touches
Vertical asymptote,A vertical line that a graph approaches as x
approaches a certain value
Horizontal asymptote,A horizontal line that a graph approaches as x
approaches infinity or negative infinity
Discrete graph,A graph made up of distinct, separate points
Continuous graph,A graph that is unbroken and connected
Function transformation,Changing the shape or position of a graph
Translation,Moving a graph up, down, left, or right
Reflection,Flipping a graph over a line
Shrinking,Making a graph shorter or narrower
Combining functions,Performing operations on two or more functions to
create a new function
Piecewise function,A function defined by different rules for different
parts of its domain
Vertical line test,A test to determine if a graph represents a function
Domain restriction,Limiting the input values of a function
Interval notation,A way of representing intervals on a number line
Set-builder notation,A way of describing a set using braces and
conditions
Direct variation,A relationship between two variables where one is a
constant multiple of the other
Inverse variation,A relationship between two variables where their
product is a constant
Joint variation,A relationship between two variables where one is a
product of the other and a constant
Arithmetic series,The sum of the terms in an arithmetic sequence
Geometric series,The sum of the terms in a geometric sequence
Binomial,An algebraic expression with two unlike terms
Polynomial,An algebraic expression with one or more terms
Degree of a polynomial,The highest exponent of the variable in a
polynomial
Leading coefficient,The coefficient of the term with the highest exponent
in a polynomial
Quadratic function,A function of the form f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c
Cubic function,A function of the form f(x) = ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d
Quartic function,A function of the form f(x) = ax^4 + bx^3 + cx^2 + dx +
e
Polynomial long division,A method for dividing polynomials
Remainder theorem,A theorem that states the remainder when a polynomial
is divided by (x - a) is equal to f(a)
Factor theorem,A theorem that states a polynomial has a factor (x - a) if
and only if f(a) = 0
Synthetic division,A shortcut method for dividing polynomials
Complex number,A number of the form a + bi, where a and b are real
numbers and i is the imaginary unit
Conjugate,The complex number a + bi has a conjugate of a - bi
Absolute value inequality,An inequality that involves the absolute value
of a variable
Compound inequality,An inequality that combines two or more inequalities
System of inequalities,A set of inequalities with the same variables
Arithmetic mean-geometric mean inequality,A theorem that states the
arithmetic mean is greater than or equal to the geometric mean
Quadratic inequality,An inequality that involves a quadratic expression
Vertex form,A form of a quadratic function given by f(x) = a(x - h)^2 + k
Standard form,A form of a quadratic function given by f(x) = ax^2 + bx +
c
Factoring,The process of writing a polynomial as a product of its factors
Completing the square,The process of rewriting a quadratic equation in
vertex form
Discriminant,The value b^2 - 4ac in the quadratic formula
Complex roots,The solutions to a quadratic equation that involve the
imaginary unit
Rational root theorem,A theorem that helps find rational roots of a
polynomial equation
Function composition,The process of combining two functions to create a
new function
Inverse function notation,The notation f^(-1)(x) to represent the inverse
of a function f(x)
One-to-one function,A function where each input corresponds to exactly
one output
Horizontal line test,A test to determine if a function has an inverse
Exponential growth,A pattern of growth where the quantity increases by a
constant factor over equal intervals of time
Exponential decay,A pattern of decay where the quantity decreases by a
constant factor over equal intervals of time
Logarithmic function,The inverse function of an exponential function
Change of base formula,A formula for evaluating logarithms with bases
other than 10 or e
Solving logarithmic equations,The process of finding the values of x that
satisfy a logarithmic equation
Exponential equation,An equation that involves exponential functions
Extraneous solution,A solution to an equation that does not satisfy the
original equation
Graphing inequalities,The process of representing the solution set of an
inequality on a graph
Half-plane,The region of the graph that represents the solution set of an
inequality
System of linear inequalities,A set of linear inequalities with the same
variables
Feasible region,The set of points that satisfy all the inequalities in a
system
Linear programming,The process of maximizing or minimizing a linear
objective function subject to a set of linear constraints
Feasible solution,A point in the feasible region that satisfies all the
constraints
System of equations in three variables,A set of equations with three
variables
Matrix,A rectangular array of numbers
Element,A number in a matrix
Row,A horizontal line of elements in a matrix
Column,A vertical line of elements in a matrix
Scalar multiplication,Multiplying a matrix by a constant
Addition of matrices,Adding corresponding elements of two matrices
Subtraction of matrices,Subtracting corresponding elements of two
matrices
Multiplication of matrices,A method for multiplying two matrices
Determinant,A value that can be computed from the elements of a square
matrix
Cramer's rule,A method for solving a system of linear equations using
determinants
Inverse matrix,A matrix that, when multiplied by the original matrix,
gives the identity matrix
Identity matrix,A square matrix with ones on the main diagonal and zeros
elsewhere
Row echelon form,A matrix in which each row has more leading zeros than
the row above it
Reduced row echelon form,A matrix in which each row has a leading 1 and
all other entries in the column are 0
Rank,The number of nonzero rows in the row echelon form of a matrix
Linear transformation,A function that maps points in one space to points
in another space
Image,The set of all points that a linear transformation maps to
Kernel,The set of all points that a linear transformation maps to the
zero vector
Eigenvalue,A scalar λ such that Av = λv, where A is a matrix and v is a
nonzero vector
Eigenvector,A nonzero vector v such that Av = λv, where A is a matrix and
λ is an eigenvalue
Characteristic equation,The equation det(A - λI) = 0, where A is a matrix
and λ is an eigenvalue
Trigonometric functions,Functions that relate angles in a right triangle
to the ratios of the sides
Sine function,The ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to
the hypotenuse
Cosine function,The ratio of the length of the adjacent side to the
hypotenuse
Tangent function,The ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to
the length of the adjacent side
Cosecant function,The reciprocal of the sine function
Secant function,The reciprocal of the cosine function
Cotangent function,The reciprocal of the tangent function
Pythagorean identities,Trigonometric identities involving the Pythagorean
theorem
Reciprocal identities,Trigonometric identities involving the reciprocals
of the trigonometric functions
Quotient identities,Trigonometric identities involving the quotients of
the trigonometric functions
Even-odd identities,Trigonometric identities involving the even and odd
properties of the trigonometric functions
Sum and difference identities,Trigonometric identities involving the sum
and difference of two angles
Double angle identities,Trigonometric identities involving the double
angle of an angle
Half angle identities,Trigonometric identities involving the half angle
of an angle
Law of sines,A formula for finding the length of a side or measure of an
angle in a triangle
Law of tangents,A formula for finding the length of a side or measure of
an angle in a triangle
Radian,A unit of angular measure
Periodic function,A function that repeats its values in regular intervals
Phase shift,A horizontal translation of a periodic function
Arccosine function,The inverse of the cosine function
Arcsine function,The inverse of the sine function
Arcsecant function,The inverse of the secant function
Arccotangent function,The inverse of the cotangent function
Law of cosines,A formula for finding the length of a side or measure of
an angle in a triangle
Unit circle,A circle with a radius of 1 centered at the origin
Degree,A unit of angular measure
Trigonometric equation,An equation involving trigonometric functions
Period,The length of one complete cycle of a periodic function
Amplitude,The maximum distance a function reaches from its average value
Vertical shift,A vertical translation of a function
Inverse trigonometric functions,Functions that find the angle given the
ratio of sides in a right triangle
Arctangent function,The inverse of the tangent function
Arccosecant function,The inverse of the cosecant function