‘We often forget it, but humans are part ~ ‘of the natural environment, Just like ‘other living things, we must interact with our surroundings to survive. However, MH unlike mest living things, humans have managed to completely change the natural enwironment ta meet their needs How might this affect other living things? Leek and discuss... What natural resources are being used and how? (9) s}evoiow 29) s100}9 9) FupUDaIa PUD Bupyuyp 0) so10m(s *e) squmpd Buywoul 204 292008 4} uawWU|O Vay 404 J9y0M ‘(e fs) auMLUUIE UD 40 (6 '8"L"T) peo} 40) sun Gury 8ykOWe ore nature Dea) Sustainability is the future Plan o sustainable city. You will: « Find out about the organisms that live in your lecal area and how they use water. + Discover where your drinking water comes from. + Learn about sustainable development and how it can be opplied to your local area. + Persuade your classmates to be more sustainable,Organisms that get nutrients by consuming HII ton: Rateratrophs Reproduction asexual ‘Also known os bacteria, these are simple, unicellular organisms. Bacteria can live on any surf where there is liquid, Although we often think of them as dongercus, theyjre really important and can even be helpful ‘other organises ‘One individual reproduces by copying 2 Fungi kingdom Nutrition: heterotrophs : Reproduction asexual and sexual Genetic material from two Big This kingdam inchades unieellar yeosts andl eee multicellular mushrooms, but the main thing fungi have produce a new living organism. BM in. common is theit abibty to break down other organisms, 3 Animal kingdom Nutritioncheteretrophs Reproduction: mostly sexual a few asexual Ranging from simple to complex, all animals are multicellular, They consume other living things to survive. This kingclom ised into wo groups. vertebrates and invertebrates, both of which are divided into subgroups with similar traits, herbivores, some carnivores, cand others omnivores Give an example of each,Nutritiort autetrophs and heteratyophs Reproduction: asexual id sexual The organisms in this ki and protezoans. con't have any Some are unicellular and make their own food. others are multicellular hunters, Most move using flagella or by amoeboid movement. but some are nonrnotile, ——EE 5 Plant kingdom = da Nutrition: autotrophs Reproduction: mainly sexual Without this kingdom, most (fe on Earth coulintt survive. In any ecosystem, p sin producers bec Blants are multiee walls and vacuoles, ants ore the they moke their ou food, slot one have eall The kingelom is divided non-vasuslar, plants: uf and vascular, plants with xylem, Can you name an example of each? oe + Drow a map of your town or city, including the surroundings and waterways. Lobel the natural, industrial, ogricultural. and urban areas. + What other organisms live in your area? — Use the internet to make a list, Like me, ... live in an | urbonirural ecosystem. | « How many of these organisms have you seen? 3 Go ona walking tourand tick the organisms you see. | + Where did you see the most organisms?® . DO PLANTS DRINK WATER? —— things use water Life on Earth depends on a vital substance: water. Without it, living things could not survive. Wherever you find water on Earth, from the deepest ‘ocean to the top of the tallest mountain, you will find living things, ‘How do organisms from the five different kingdomsuse water? &. Water is so important for life ? ‘ because it allows organisms to Why does NASA say ‘follow ialaiesy in the search for extra-terrestrial life? create the energy they need te carry out vital body functions 1 Water and minerals are taken { om a noo up by the roots of plants fram aces, {Plants, and other | | the soil {In each of their cells, 1 tautotrophs, | 1 | 2 They move up the stem 1 heterourephs use Water 1 use water for" | | though the xylem, which act photosynthesis. | as the plant's veins. \ xp break down suger 3 The water and minerals reach the plant's leaves. This is where photosynthesis occurs, Carbon diaxide enters through the tiny stomata, while light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, a green pigment. 4 Light energy is used to combine the carbon dioxide with the water and minerals, whith praduces glucose, Oxygen is alse praduced and released into the ait 5 Phloem traniporis the glucose to other parts of the plant where it can be used to grow « Look at your list of local organisms and mark them on your mop: ~ How does each one use water? Tcouldn't ... without water + How do you use water? Moke a water journal and record all the ways you use water ina day. _+ Compare your list with a partner. Are they similar?Background: Ta carry out photosynthesis, plants need water, However, they are very adaptable. They can sometimes abtain water from other liquids that contain water Hypothesis: Can a plant still grow in liquids that care not water? Why? / Why not? Materials: five carrots, five plates, water, milk, juice sports drink, measuring cup, ruler ‘Step 1: Label each plate with numbers 1-5. ~~ ‘Cur the top off each carrat and place an separate plates. ‘Step 2: Do not pour any liquid on plate 1. Oa each of the other plates, pour 10m of either ‘water, milk, juice and sports drink. You will need ta fepeat this step after a few days so that they don't dry aut. Step 3: Wait seven days. Does a new stem grow from each carrot? If so, measure it. ‘Step 4: Keep measuring every day far one more week, ~— Conclusion: How did each plant react to the different liquids? f How do plants survive in Places with little water? Daca a se) Ci Cea Crue mente (; notiseta——— Which carrot is the control? Why?= Dre Due aed ‘On a hot day, have you ever wondered where all the BE cool water in.a swimming pool comes from? Even though [WS humans are part of the natural environment, we've become good at transforming it so that we can easily ‘obtain water, food and protection. We even alter the envirenment for our entertainment! Water is a limited resource because humans, like plants, need clean freshwater to survive. Once water is used up, we cannot produce more, It is also very difficult to clean polluted water. Therefore, we should prevent water pollution and never waste it Where does our Arinking watet Come he Although some of the water we drink is pumped up from groundwater, most comes from lakes and rivers. We build dams in rivers to create reservoirs, These are large sources of freshwater and electricity, but how do they affect local organisms? Talk with a partner, How do these affect our drinking water, ‘as well as the habitats of ather living things? What does the word runoff? mean? Despite only drinking freshwater, humans use salt water in many ways. How might this affect salt water habitats? + Where does the water you use every day come from? Where does it go, as waste water, after it has been used? Use the internet or find out by contacting your lecal counci After it is used, the farmationon your map by adding more drawings. | waste water goes ..‘Although human 1 Find and count the natural landscapes in each picture, \ Pe ea Which has more? Pe dente List the ways humans have transformed the natural environment. peas Why have humans made each of these transformations? itis important to 4 How are organisms from the five kingdoms affected in remember that there Barrette ae List the ways that the environment is protected in picture 2. can do to protect it. BO FF roundncter use A deforestation G3 Can we clean water once it’s been polluted? Listen cdi list the steps Cities produce a lot of waste water, Ifa city is near a river, all the waste will run into it unless the waste first passes through a sewage treatment plantoO By making a few changes, we can restore ecological equilibrium, Forests and mountains give us raw materials Like water, these resources must be used sustainably to protect them for future generations. Y Did you know there are organisms 8 How can we prevent their depletion? Ml thar show us when an ecosystem is unbalanced? Find out about Nature ts good at . bioindicators in your local ecosystem balancing itself ~~ h However, humans ‘can upset that balance. eg ny Find a way to save water hidden in the unit. It is important to support organisations that protect biodiversity, These include natural parks ond nature reserves ‘Our area would be + What is sustainable development? Write a definition. | more sustainable if + Look at the information you've gathered. How could you imprave your area so it is more sustainable? “+ Re-design your local area so that it is more sustainable. If... , then living things in our area would ... 4“Btn your notebook, rewrite the sentences in passive form. Roots take up woter fram the soll. Water is taken up from the soit through reots. Sewage treatment plants clean water. People use rivers for drinking water, as welll as for boating and water sports. Flowering and non-flowering plants make up the plant kingdom. Humans transform natural areas to obtain food, water and ather resources. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy Read the conversation. Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets. Jenny: ... you ... (water) the plants yet? John: No, 1... (have), but Sam (do) it last night. Jenny: ... you... (help) her? John: No, 1... (be) too busy with supper. 1... (make) a salad with fresh vegetables L... (pick) from the garden, Jenny: ... you ... finish) building the fountain you ... (tell) me about? John: —¥es,1... {have).1’m going to surprise Sam when she gets home later. ‘Your English teacher has. asked you to write a story, Your story must begin with this sentence: Since humans begon transforming it, the natural environment hos changed 0 ot. Write about 100 words in your notebook.Lock atthe photos. Write 2-3 sentences (FoF more Unit 3 ac! about each kingdom using the words from the box. asexual sexual outotroph heterotroph multicellular unicellular ‘Compare your old map and your new map with o partner. Write sentences. Your local council (your class) is asking for applications on how to make your area ‘As you can see, my map more sustainable. Prepare to present your shows .., which is more mop with your sustainable development ideas. | sustainable because Convince the class to vote for your map. Use persuasive language. Vete on the most sustainable idea! This is the most sustainable way because .a b d f ©: Match each werd to its definition. Write 1-4. @ heterotraph b autotroph ¢ unicellular i mukicellular 1 An organism that is made up of only one cell. 2 An organism that is made up of more than one cell 3 An organism that consumes other organisms to get its nutrients. 4 An organism that can produce its own food through photosynthesis3 Read the text and answer the questions, For each question, circle the correct answer a, b, ¢ ord. Extremophiles Can you imagine living at the bottom of the ocean or at the top of Mount Everest? The organisms that call hydrothermal vents, ice packs and even toxic waste home are properly named. extremophiles! Extremophiles are found in all five kingdoms, though most are microorganisms. These creatures survive in the most intense habitats: under high pressure, in extremely hot oF cold temperatures, in salt, acid or alkaline, and without oxygen One archaic bacterium. grows at 122°C, the highest recorded on Earth! Studying species from extreme enviranments has applications when searching for life beyond Earth. Extremophiles are considered model organisms for extra-terrestrial life. The organisms found in the Rio Tinto, for instance, may be similar to potential living things on Mars. Not only do extremophiles tell us about the range of conditions that make life possible, scientists are also investigating their use for biofuels, medicines, chemicals, and even lactose-free milk! For example, metalloving species are able to remove metals from the soil, which prevents water pollution. Therefore, extremophiles may help us save the enviranment! 1 Which organism could not be an extremophile? 4 What would be a good a a protist © a human introduction to this article? a fungus d a plant a { Extremophiles live in all 2 Some extremophiles live Places in our Solar System @ without light, © in your classroom In this article, a scientist 'b on the moan, in milk. ‘explains why extremophiles are useful. 3 Why are extremophiles useful for scientists to study? Understanding extreme a Because they need medicine. environments is important b Because they are so small. nied swhin aresallesgle: ¢ Because they can easily adapt to all Sn environments If you want to know how Because they survive conditions similar to erganisms survive in the other places in the universe. ocean, then read this article4 Write definitions for the following words. Give two examples of each. a Omnivore: b Carnivore: ¢ Herbivare: ° S Answer the questions about the five kingdoms. a Which kingdoms are autotrophs? bb In which kingdoms do the organisms reproduce sexually? ¢ In which kingdoms are the organisms unicellular? d List two subgroups of the plant and animal kingdoms Plant kingdom: Animal kingdom: ° 6 Circle the odd one out, then write which kingdom the ether organisms belong to. @ octopus / swan / butterfly | oak tree b rose { mushroom / grass | oak tree ¢ mushroom / yeast / bacteria | mould d_yeast / seaweed | alga / protozoan ¢ Which kingdom is missing?e 7 Label the diagram of photosynthesis with the words and phrases from the box. carbon dioxide carbon dioxide enters leaf through stomata glucose light energy exygen sugar leaves leaf water and minerals water enters leaf 8 How do plants use sunlight to make their own food? Order the sentences. Write 1-5. a Water and minerals reach the plant's leaves, carbon dioxide enters through stomata, and light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll. b Water and minerals move up the xylem in the plant's ster. © Oxygen is released into the air, while the phloem transports the glucose to other parts of the plant. oO d The roots of a plant take up water and minerals fear the soil. @ Light energy is used to combine carbon dioxide with water and minerals,Co How do these organisms use water? For each organism, write 1-6. 1 Asa habitat 4 To move around the environment 2 To transport molecules 5 To make energy 3 For bodily functions 6 To absorb food 10 In what other ways do humans use water? Make a list, .oO" ‘Are the sentences about water true or false? @ Water is an unlimited resource, b Humans transform rivers for drinking water and electricity ¢ Humans never affect the aquatic habitats of other organisms. d The water from your kitchen tap can come fram graundvrater ¢ Salt water is not useful. f Cleaning polluted water is easy and cheap. ‘Who is protecting the environment? Tick the boxes. @ Trees are cut down for farmland. Ol ‘Trees are planted, Mv b A boy throms rubbish in the bin. a Avboy throws rubbish on the ground, ul ¢ A company mines for gold, coal or oil. U Produets are recycled. and ores reused. U 4 Waste water flows into a river. Cl Waste water is treated. a ¢ A farm collects and treats its runoff iui A form produces agricultural runoff ul f Acity grows without control im Accity develops sustainably. a Cammpliti the sentences ualng the words on: the Hight a iminates many agricultural runoff janisras’ habitats by cutting down too many trees. AL is an organism that bioindicator shows us when an ecosystem is unbalanced, ¢ Through iis possible to restore ecological equilibrium by sharing land deforestation space with other living things. d Chemicals and toxins from farms, called and management pte river water «Although we need wood atc reource, sllimportant tO protect W