1r{0] Q2. Answer the Short Questions: QL. Write five reasons of decreasing forests. (Board 2014.16.17) Ans. Reasons of Decreasing Forests: The five reasons of decreasing forests are 1. Excessive cutting of trees 2. Increase in water logging and salinity 3. Environmental pollution 4. Diseases of trees 5. Decrease in rainfall Q2. Describe the location of Pakistan. / Give the location and area of Pakistan. Ans. Location of Pakistan: (Board 2014,17,18) 1. Pakistan is located between latitudes 23° Y and 37° Nand longitudes 61°and 77° E Inthe East of Pakistan lies India In the North China In the North-West Afghanistan In the West Iran In the South Arabian Sea The total area of Pakistan square kilometers Q3. State five causes of soil pollution. (Board 2013.16) Ans. Causes of Soil Pollution: The five causes of soil pollution are: 1. Releasing used water of housing factories 2. Spraying pesticides on crops and using chemical fertilizers. Natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods ete. 4. Salinity and Water logging 5. Heaps of domestic and industrial wastage Q4. In which mountain range are Tochi Pass and Gomal Pass are situated? (Board 2015) Tochi Pass and Gomal Pass: Tochi Pass and Gomal Pass are situated in the Waviristan Hills of Western Mountain AUN is 796,096 and Ans. PSU AST Ss Ranges Q5. Write the types of pollution. Ans. Types of Pollution: (oard 2013,14.15,18) The types of pollution are: 1. Air Pollution 2. Water Pollution 3. Soil Pollution 4. Noise Pollution Q6. Write the names of five glaciers located in Pakistan. (Board 2015) Ans, Names of Glaciers: ‘The names of five huge glaciers located in Pakistan are: Siachen, Baltoro. Biafo, Hispar and Rimo. Q7. What are the environment now-a-days? (Soard 2015 Ans. Hazards to our Environment: Today, our environment is facing the following major hazards: 1. Salinity and Water logging 2. Deforestation 3. Desertification. hazards to our 4. Increase in environmental pollution. Q8. Describe five steps taken by the government to decrease the industrial pollution. (Board 2013) Ans. Industrial Pollution: Five steps taken by the government to decrease the industrial pollution are 1. Industrial to shifted outside the cities 2. Increase in plantation of trees. 3. Proper disposal of industrial waste. 4. Installation of Water Treatment Plants Proper legislation to decrease industrial areas pollution. Q9. Which is the famous peak in the Greater Himalayans range? Ans. Famous Peak: (Board 2014.16) The famous peak in the Greater Himalayans range is Nanga Parbat. It is $126 meters higher above the sea levelQo. ete te names of five natural regions of Pakistan, (oard 2017) Ans, Natural Regions of Pakistan: Pakistan is divided into following five natural regions: 7 sion 1. Plain Re; Desert Region 3. Coastal Region 4. Tropical and Sub-Tropical Region Dry and semi-dry mountain Region QIL What is the importance — of Afghanistan and the countries of Central Asia for Pakistan? (Board 2017) Ans. Afghanistan and the Countries of Central Asi Afghanistan is situated to the North- West of Pakistan. The adjoining border with Afghanistan is called the Durand Line, which is 2250km long. In the North-West of Pakistan, there are Central Asian Republics zkahstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan. Central Asian Republics are rich in oil and gas reserves. All these republics are landlocked. These are located away from the ocean. They own no coast. Therefore, they have to pass through Pakistan in order to access the ocean. Pakistan has religious, cultural and economic relations with these Islamic States. Q12. What steps are being taken by the Government to improve forests? Ans. Steps to Improve Forests: Some of the steps Government is taking to improve forests are: 1. Tree plantation campaign is launched twice a year 2. The Government imports various seeds. grows nurseries and provides the plants to the people. 3. Advertisement’ campaign carried out through-out the year via electronic and print media to create awareness. Q13. Where is Toba Kakar mountain range situated? (Board 2013,14,16,17.18) Ans. Toba Kakar Mountain Range: Toba Kakar mountain range is situated along the Afghan border to the South of Waziristan Hills. It extends from North-East towards South-West till it ends in the north of Quetta, DDITIONAL SHORT QUEST! Q14, What is the full name of Pakistan? Ans. Name of Pakistan: The full name of Pakistan is The Islamic Republic of Pakistan QI5. What is meant by physical enviro- nment? Ans. Location, relief features and climate of any country is known as _ physical environment. QI6. Why the relation between Pakistan and India is not good? Ans. The reasons due to which relationship of Pakistan and India is not good are as under: Kashmir issue ji, Boundary issue iii, Water issue iv. To make him super power QU7. What is Durand Line? Ans. Durand Line: (Board 2014) The adjoining border of Pakistan and Afghanistan is called the Durand Line. QI18. In the North-west Pakistan which Central Asian States are located? Ans. Central Asian States: The Central Asian Republics Kazakhistan, Uzbekis-tan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan are located in the North-west of Pakistan. QIL9. Which are the important sea Pal /Explain the trading importance of Karachi Sea Port, (Board 2017) Ans. Sea-ports of Pakistan: Karachi, Port Qasim, Pasni and Gawadar are the important sea-ports of Pakistan. With reference to national and international trade Karachi Sea Port have its significant status -ports of. Write down the names of South- Muslim Countries. stern Muslim countries. outh- Q2L. Pakistan is divided in to how many parts with respect to physical features? / Give an account of physical features of Pakistan. Ans. Physical Features of Pakistan: Pakistan is divided in to three major parts with respect to physical features. i. Mountain ranges ii, Plateau iii. Plains Q22. What is mountain? Ans. Mount: The high piece of land that has rocky, uneven and steepy surface is called a mountain Q23. Name the main mountain ranges of Pakistan. Ans. Mountain Ranges of Pakistan: There are three big mountain ranges in Pakistan: 1. Northern Mountain Ranges 2. Central Mountain Rai 3. Western Mountain Ranges Q24. Which are the healthy places in Northern Mountain Ranges? Ans. Healthy Places: Murree, Ayubia, Nathiagali, Kaghan, Lipa Valley, Skardu, Swat Valley, Kalam, Neelam Valley, Bagh, Hunza, Chitral, Chilas and Gilgit are the healthy places of Northern Mountain ranges. Q25. Where located? Ans. Beautiful Kashmir Valley: The beautiful valley of Kashmir is located between the Pir Panjal range and The Greater Himalayan Range. Q26. Which is the second highest peak in the world and what is its height? Ans. Second Highest Peak in the World: Mt. Godwin Austin or K-2 is the second highest peak of the world. It reaches to a height of 8611 metres. beautiful Kashmir valley Shahrah-e-Resham and connected with it? Q27. Where Which two countries Ans. Shahrah-e-Resham: nahrah-e-Resham, which is also known as Karakorm highway pass through Karakorm range and connects Pakistan and China via Khunjrab P: Q28. Which is the highest peak of Hindukush Mountains? Ans. Hindukush Mountains: Tirich Mir is the highest peak of Hindukush Mountains Q29. Which is the highest peak of the Sulaiman Mountain range? | Ans. Sulaiman Mountain Range: ‘Takht-e-Sulaiman is the highest peak of Sulaiman Mountain range. Q30. What do you know about Khyber Pass? Ans, Khyber Pass: Khyber Pass lies to the north of the Koh- e-Sufaid. It is the historical passage between Pakistan and Afghanistan. The total length of this passage is 53Km. Q31. Where is Saihan Hills are situated? Ans. Saihan Hills: To the south of Ras Koh, there are Saihan Hills in the province of Balochistan. Q32. How many plateaus are in Pakistan? (Board 2018) Ans. Plateaus are in Pakistan: There are two plateaus in Pakistan. i. Pothwar Plateau ii, Balochistan Plateau Q33. Where is plateau Pothwar situated? Ans. Plateau Pothwar:(Board 2013) Pothwar Plateau is situated in the north of Salt Ranges. It is in the middle of River Jhelum and Indus River. The surface of Pothwar Plateau is badly cracked. Q34. What is plain? Ans. Plain: A vast. less steepy and: comparatively even surface of land is éalled a plain Q35. Plai an are divided in to Plains of Pakistan are divided into two parts:i ain ii Pl QJo. Why do the Rivers of Pakistan flow - Lower Indus Ans. Rivers of Pakistan: The north side of plain area of Pakistan is upper while from the south side the plain area is low, due to this the rivers of Pakistan flows from north to south, Q37. Why is Punjab Province called Punjab? Ans. Punjab Provine: The upper Indus plain is called Punjab ie, the land of five rivers because river Ravi, Jhelum, Satluj, Chanab and Indus irrigate this land. Due to this reason, Punjab province is called Punjab, Q38. What is meant by Deltaic? Ans. Delta (Board 201 Before falling into the Arabian sea the Indus river flows slowly and is divided into many branches, forming the shape of delta “A”. This area is called deltaic. Q39, What is Climate? Ans. Climate: Average pattern of weather of some place or a country over a long period is called climate. For example, the climate of Lahore is semi-humid and extremely hot during summers and cold during winters. Q40. How many temperature Regions are in Pakistan? Ans. Temperature Regions: Pakistan is divided into four regions with reference to temperature. i. The North and North Mountainous region ii. The Upper Indus plain iii, The Coastal Area of Lower Indus Valley iv, The Plateau of Balochistan Q41. Which breezes are the sources of decreasing the intensity of heat in the coastal area of Pakistan? / Write down the features of coastal area of Pakistan. / Write down the characteristics of coastal areas with respect to temperature? (Hoard 2018) Ans. Coastal Areas of Pakistan: In the coastal areas of Pakistan. land FREEILM.COM ©) = ()©)@)) FREEILM.COM breezes and sea breezes decrease the intensity of heat. Due to this factor, the summers in these areas are not extreme. The average temperature is about 32°C. These areas experience rare cold weather, Q42. Write down the Rain-Fall condition of Pakistan, Ans. Rain-Fall Conditio In Pakistan, there are two rainy seasons i. Monsoon rain in Summer ii, Winter Rain + Monsoon Rains in Summer An average of 50 inches rain i experienced annually in Murree, Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Jhelum and Sialkot between the months of July and September because of monsoon winds of Summer. Towards Sor it decreases gradually. Southern plain include the areas of South Punjab, Sindl. Balochistan receive less than 10 inches rain annually. 2. Winter R: Winter rains are caused in north plains due to western winds, But winter rair are very less to meet our needs. In southern plains there is very low rainfall in winter. So the farmers face a lot of problems. Q43. How many Climatic Regions are there in Pakistan? (Board 2014) Ans. Climatic Region Pakistan is divided into four regions with reference to climate. 1. Sub-Tropical Continental Highland 2. Sub-Tropical Continental Plateau 3. Sub-Tropical Continental Lowland Tropical Coastland Q44. What is meant by Kareez? Ans. Kareez: The stored rain water carried from one place to another place though underground channels is called Kareez. Q45. What is meant by Glacier? Ans. Glacier: When snow is accumulated and compressed over many years. the snow below takes the shape of thickened ice masses and begins to move downhill. It is called Glacier Siachen, Baltoro, Biafo, Hispar, Rimo swd Batu cae ee among huge glaciers of Pakistan, Q46. Write down the benefits of the Glacier? (oard 2013) Ans. Benefits of the Glacier: They continue melting slowly in summer and keep our rivers and streams flowing throughout the year. They are a source to provide water to our population, iculture and industry. Our long and unique canal irrigation system owes a great deal to these glaciers Q47. Write about the Course of the River Indus. Ans. Course of the River Indus: The River Indus originates in the Northem Mountains near the border of China. It runs its course through occupied Kashmir and then enters Pakistan at Skardu Then it flows through the plains of Punjab and Sindh. Finally it falls into the Arabian Sea at Thatta in Sindh, Q48. Write the names of Tributaries of the River Indus. Ans. Tributaries of the River Indu: As the River Indus flows through its course, several small and large rivers join it These are called tributaries of the River Indus. The Eastern tributaries of River Indus are: Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej. They join the River Indus in the province of Punjab. The Western tributaries of the River Indus are River Panjkora, Kabul, Kurram and Tochi etc Q49. Write two benefit Ans. Benefits of Forest: The henetits of forest i. Sports goods are manufactured for foresi wood. Pakistan exports these sports. goods and earns foreign exchange. ii. Herbs are found in forests. They are used in the preparation of medicines. Q50. Which hunting birds are available in Pakistan? Ans. Hunting Birds: Following hunting birds are available in Pakistan of forest? 1, Falcon 2. Hawk 3. Kestrel Q51. Who is the national Animal and Bird of Pakistan? Ans, National, Animal and Bird of Pakistan: Markhor is the national Animal and Chakor is the national bird of Pakistan. Q52. Write any six causes of continuous decrease in growth of wild _ life, Enumerate any six. threats of wildlif Pakistan. (Board 2015) Ans. Growth of Wild Life © Illegal hunting * Deforestation © Poor planning © Shortage of fodder © Disappearance of Wild Sanctuaries ¢ = Shortage of water * Continues increase in human population Q53. What is meant by natural region? Ans. Natural Region: Natural Region means a region having latitude, relief and structure, climate, vegetation, livestock and ways of living. Q54. What is Doaba? Ans. Doaba: Doaba is a piece of land that lies between two rivers. The water of both the rivers irrigates this piece of land Q55. Write down the names of ways of irrigation. Ans. Ways of Irrigation: Rivers, canals, fonts, Tube wells, rainfall and Kareez are the different ways of irrigation ° Q56. Write the name of important barrages of Pakistan, Ans. Important Barrages of Pakistan: Sakhar Barrage. Guddu Barrage and Kotri Barrage are the important Barrages of Pakistan, Q.57 What is a desert?/ W of Desert of P: Ans. Desei le two n 2018) Area where the-annual rain fall is less than 10 inches and most of the land consistsof Sine sailed desert ie Kharan, Thal, Thar and.Cholistan are the deserted area in Pakistan, QSS. Deseribe the si Punjab. Ans. The southern east part of Pakistan has desert like characteristics. This part is called Thal and Cholistan or Rohi in the Punjab Due tw scarcity of rain-fall, we find desert vegetation here. Most of the people are associated with the profession of rearing goats, sheep and camels. This region receives less rain-fall. Hence, water is the major issue of these people. Rain water is stored in ponds and it is used for drinking purpose. Some areas are irtigated by canals too. Q59. Write the name of valley Humid Mountain Region. Ans. Valleys of Semi Humid Mountain Region Kashmir Valley. Chitral Valley, Swat Valley and Kohat are the valleys of semi humid mountain region nificance of desert in of Semi Q.60 What is the importance of mangrove forests? ‘Ans. Mangrove Forest: Mangrove forests are very much important for the fish reproduction. It is also important for the safety from sea waves. These forests are available in the east of delta. Q61. What is environment? Ans. Environment: All the things and factors around us. that affect us directly are called environment. It includes physical features of iand, climate, soil, vegetation and other factors, Our all economic, political, social, religious, financial and other activities are under the influence of environment Q62. What is meant by Water logging and Salinity? (Board 2013) Ans. Water Logging and Salinity: Water logging is caused by excess of underground water. Underground water table rises, sometimes above the ground. It makes Itivation impossible. Salinity is caused by lack of underground water. Tt results in increase in minerals and salts in soil, In this case also, the land becomes unfit for any sort of vegetation. Q63. What are the uses of Water logging and Salinity Ans. Causes of Water Logging and Salinity: The main causes of water logging and salinity are: © Seepage of canal water into ground © Uneven fields * Old and traditional methods of irrigation * Repetition of same crops Q64. What steps are Government taking for the removal of Water logging and Salinity? Ans. Removal of Salinity: Government is trying to control wit: logging and salinity by the followin; methods: © By installation of tube wells the wate: table goes down ¢ Banks of canals and water channels are strengthened so that water may not seep into ground * Introducing proper system of irrigation * Laboratories for water and soil testing © Training and counseling of farmers Q65. What problems we can face due to deforestation? Ans, Deforestation: We can face the following problems due to Deforestation: . © Decrease in income of Government © — Increase in soil erosion © Climatic changes * Decrease in water storage c dams * Decrease in wild life * Deterioration of environmental beauty Increase in environmental pollution Q66. What is meant by desertification? What are the reasons of desertification? Ans. Desertification: Changing of fertile land into desert is called desertification. Following are the causes of desertification. © Repetition of Water Logging and pacity of ame crops decreases itsand becomes barren and turns — into desert. * Due to excessive gra vegetation is uprooted and land chang sing in fields, es to desert: * Poor methods of cultivation © Cutting of trees * Soil erosion © Water logging and salinity * Fast growing population © No proper care of land Q.67 What is Pollution? Ans. Pollution: Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes changes in many ways e.g. smoke mixed in air causes pollution. Q68. Write five steps taken by the Government to minimize environment Pollution? Ans, Environment Pollution: 1. Strictly Implementation of law by the Government. 2. To increase number of plants at Government and Private level 3. Sufficient amount can be allocated in budget every year 4. To make sure the installation of water treatment _ in every industry before throwing waste to the streams. 5. To educate the disadvantages of environmental through mass media. 6. To make better circumstances through national conservation strategy institution. Q69. What are the causes of Air Pollution? Ans. Causes of Air Pollution: * Smoke from factories. houses. vehicles, brick kilns, fire and cigarette * Harmful gases from factories and vehicles, spraying of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides in air © Dust in air including wind, cyclones and small dust particles in the air Q70. What are the effects of Air Pollution? Ans. Effects of Air Pollu Following are some of the effects of air people about the pollution ion: pollution: © Due to air pollution, the temperature of the earth is increasing. Diseases in animals, plants and human | beings © Decrease in forests Harmful climatic changes Global Warming Q71. What are the causes of Water Pollution? Ans. Causes of Water Pollution: Some of the causes of water pollution are: Polluted water of houses and industries is released into rivers and canals * Polluted water of houses and factories seeps into the ground and mixes with underground water. Drainage water is released into rivers © Spray of pesticides and insecticides seep into ground and mixes with ground water © Chemical fertilizers mix with water of crops and seeps into ground Q72. What are the effects of water pollution? Ans. Effects of Water Pollution: The effects of water pollution are as given under: * Diseases in animals, plants and human beings * Danger to aquatic life in rivers and canals * Itis affecting growth of plants * Its mixing with drinkable water causes diseases like cholera, hepatitis, typhoid, skin diseases etc * Low yield of crops Q.73 Describe four steps by the Government to minimize water pollution, (Board 2014) Ans. Steps to Minimize Water Pollution: 1. To educate the farmer through inass media/advertisement about use of manure and pesticides 2. To enforce the law to use water treatment plants, 3. To install laboratories for the analysis of water before it is used for intigation.44 vater from the ponds and ditches, Q74. Write down the any five causes of soil pollutio (Board 2018) Ans. Causes of Soil Pollution: Major causes of this pollution are as under i, Releasing used water of houses and factories. ii, Spraying pesticides on crops and using chemical fertilizers. iii, Natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods ete. iv. Salinity and water logging. v. Heaps of domestic and industrial wastage. Q75. What are the effects of Soil Pollution? Ans. Effects of Soil Pollution: Effects of Soil Pollution are: * Threat to food production ¢ Deforestation « Effect to underground water * Low yield of crops * Diseases of plants and trees Q.76 What is Noi Ans. Nois Unnecessary and unwanted sound is called noise. The voices of different types of horns, aircrafts, drums, hawkers, loud-speakers, are the types of voice etc. Q77. What are the effects of Noise Pollution? (Board 2018) Ans. Effects of Noise Pollution: Following are the effects of Noise Pollution: © Damage to hearing © Damage to nervous system © Disturbance to thinking and creativity * High blood pressure, anxiety, rashness and headache ete.