SETS – VENN DIAGRAMS

1. n(A  B ’ ) 01.
n(X) = 50 , n(A) = 35 , n(B) = 22 , n(A ’ B ’ ) = 3
A B
Find i) n(AB) ii) n(AB) iii) n(A ’ B)

n(A’ B’) = n(X)  n(A  B)

3 = 50  n(A  B)

n(A B) = 47
n(A  B’) = n(A)  n(AB)

n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A  B)

2. n(A ’  B)
47 = 35 + 22  n(A  B)
A B
47 = 57  n(A  B)

n(A  B) = 10

A(35) B(22)

n(A’  B) = n(B)  n(AB) 25 10 12

3. n(A  B) 3 n(A ’ B) = 25

A B

02. n(X) = 50 , n(A) = 35 , n(B) = 20 ,

n(A ’ B ’ ) = 5
Find i) n(A ’  B) ii) n(A  B ’ )
n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B)  n(AB) n(A ’  B ’ ) = n(X)  n(A  B)

5 = 50  n(A  B)
4. n(A ’  B ’ )
n(A B) = 45

A B
n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A  B)

45 = 35 + 20  n(A  B)

X 45 = 55  n(A  B)
n(A  B) = 10

n(A’  B’) = n(X)  n(A  B)

A(35) B(20)
5. n(elements belong to exactly one )

A B 25 10 10

n(A ’ B) = 25

= n(A  B)  n(A  B) n(A  B ’ ) = 10

03. in a class of 65 students , 35 students 05. there are 260 persons with skin disorder .
have taken mathematics , 40 have taken If 150 had been exposed to chemical A , 74 to
Statistics . Find the number of the students who chemical B and 36 to both c hemical A and B ,
have taken both . Find the number of students find the number of persons exposed to
who have taken Mathematics but not statistics . i) chemical A but not chemical B
Assume every student has at least one of the ii) chemical B but not chemical A
two subjects . iii) chemical A or B
A = set of students taken Mathematics
B = set of students taken Statistics A  set of persons exposed to chemical A
n(A) = 35 , n(B) = 40 B  set of persons exposed to chemical B

n(A  B) = 65 n(X ) = 260 , n( A) = 1 50 , n( B) = 74 , n(A B) = 36

n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A  B)

A(150) B(74)
65 = 35 + 40  n(A  B)

65 = 75  n(A  B)
114 36 38
n(A  B) = 10
72 n( x)=260

A(35) B(40)
M AT H ST A TS
i) number of persons exposed to chemical A
25 10 30 but not chemical B = n(A  B ’ ) = 114

ii) number of persons exposed to chemical B

number of students who have taken BOTH but not chemical A = n(A ’  B) = 38
Mathematics and statistics
= n(A  B) = 10 iii) number of persons exposed to chemical A or
chemical B = n(A  B) = 188

number of students who have taken

Mathematics but not statistics 06. in a survey of 425 students in a school it

= n(A  B ’ ) = 25 was found that 115 drink apple juice , 160 drink
orange juice and 80 drink both apple and

04. in a class of 35 students , 24 play cricket orange juice . How many students drink neither

and 16 play football . Also each student likes to apple juice nor orange juice

play at least one game . How many students A = set of students who drink apple juice

like to play both cricket and foot ball B = set of students who drink orange juice
n(X) = 425 , n(A) = 115 , n(B) = 160 ,

A = students play cricket n(A  B) = 80

B = students play football A (115) B(160)

APP LE
n(A) = 24 , n(B) = 16

n(A  B) = 35 35 80 80

n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A  B)

230 n( x)=425
35 = 24 + 16  n(A  B)
n(A  B) = 5 number of students drink neither apple juice
nor orange juice = n(A ’  B ’ ) = 230
07. in a school there are 20 teachers who 09.
teach Mathematics or Physics . OF these , 12 In a class test of 45 students , 23 students
teach Mathematics and 4 teach both Physics passed in paper first , 15 passed in paper first
and Mathematics . How many teach Physics but did not pass in paper second . Using set
theory , find the number of students who
A = set of teachers who teach Mathematics
1. passed in both the paper
B = set of teachers who teach Physics
2. passed in paper second but did not pass in
n(A) = 12 , n(A  B) = 4
paper first
n(A  B) = 20 Assume that each student passed at least on e
A(12) B of the two papers
M AT H P HY SICS

8 4 8 A = set of students who passed exam first

B = set of students who passed exam second

n(A  B) = 45
n(B) = 4 + 8 = 12
A(23) B

08. in a class of 50 students , 20 students

15 8 22
play foot ball and 16 play hockey . It is found
that 10 students play both the games . Find the
number of students who play neither of the Number of students who passed in both the
games papers = n(A  B) = 8

Number of students who passed in paper

A = set of students who play football
second but did not pass in paper first
B = set of students who play hockey
= n(A ’  B) = 22
n(X) = 50 , n(A) = 20 , n(B) = 16 ,
n(A  B) = 10
10. in a class of 80 students , 35% students
can play only cricket , 45% play only table
A(20) B(16)
F OOT BA L H OCKEY tennis and the remaining students can play
L
10 10 6 both the games . In all how many stude nts can
play cricket
24 Q does happen to say that all students happen
to play at least one game
number of students who play neither of the
A = students play cricket
games
B = students play table tennis
= n(A ’  B ’ )
n(A  B) = 80
= 24
A B

35% 20% 45%

Number of students who play cric ket

= 35 + 20 = 55%(80) = 44
11. survey of 1003 families . It was found that number of individuals who read only one
63 families had neither a radio nor a T.V. 794 newspaper = 37.5 + 17.5
families had a radio and 187 had T.V.How many
= 55% (2000)
families in that group had both a radio and T.V.
= 1100
A = set of families having radio
B = set of families having T.V. 13. In a town 60% read magazine A , 25% do
n(X) = 1003 , n(A) = 794 , n(B) = 187, not read magazine A but read magazine B
n(A’  B’) = 63 .
n(A  B) = 1003 – 63 = 940 1. Calculate the percentage of those who do not
read any magazine.
n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A  B) 2. Find the highest and lowest possible fig ure

940 = 794 + 187  n(A  B) of those who read magazine B

n(A  B) = 41
A(60) B

12. from amongst 2000 literate individuals of

25%
a town , 70% read Marathi newspaper , 50%
read English newspaper and 32.5% read both
Marathi and English newspaper . Find the
n(AB) = 60+25 = 85%
number of individuals who read
i) at least one of the newspapers those who do not read any magazine.
ii) neither Marathi nor English newspapers = 100 – 85 = 15 %

iii) only one of the new spapers .

lowest possible figure of those who read
A  set of individuals reading Marathi news
magazine B
B  set of individuals reading English news

n(X) = 200 , n(A) = 70% , n(B) = 50% A(60) B

n(A  B) = 32.5%
25%

A (70) B(50)
= 25%

37.5 32.5 17.5

highest and lowest possible figure of those
12.5 who read magazine B

number of individuals who read at least one B

news paper = n(A  B) = 37.5+32.5+17.5

A(60) 25%
= 87.5%(2000)

= 1750
= 85%
number of individuals who read neither Marathi
nor English newspapers = n(A ’  B ’ )

= 12.5%(2000)

= 250
 A B A B

A  B  C

C C

A  B  C
n(ABC) A B
= n(A) + n(B) + n(C)  n(AB)
 n(AC)  n(BC) + n(ABC) ABC’

AB
A B

n(A  B  C ’ ) = n(A  B)  n(A  B  C)

A B
C

A B

A’BC

BC n(A ’  B  C) = n(B  C)  n(A  B  C)

C
A B

A B

AB ’ C

AC
C
n(A  B ’  C) = n(A  C)  n(A  B  C)
C
A ’ B ’ C ’ 02. out of 200 candidates who were
interviewed for a position at call centre , 100
had a two wheeler , 70 had a credit card and
140 had a mobile phone . 40 of them had both
two wheeler and a cred it card , 30 had both a
credit card and mobile phone , 60 had both a
two wheeler and mobile phone . 10 had all
three . How many candidates had none of the
three

n(X) = 200 ,
A – two wheeler , B – credit card C mobile
n(A ’ B ’ C ’ ) = n(X)  n(ABC)
n(ABC) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C)
01.  n(AB)  n(BC)  n(AC)
in an examination , + n(ABC)
= 100 + 70 + 140 403060 + 10
A
40 students failed in Physics ,
= 190
B
40 failed in Chemistry , and

C
35 failed in Mathematics , candidates having none of the three
= n(X)  n(ABC)
C
20 failed in Mathematics
A
and Physics ,
= 200  190
A and Chemistry,
17 failed in in Physics
B = 10

C B
15 in Mathematics and Chemistry and

5 in all the three subjects . 03. in a city there are three daily newspaper
If 350 students appeared for the examination , published X , Y and Z . 65% of the people of
the city read X , 54% read Y , 45% read Z ,
how many of them did not fail in any subject
38% read X and Y , 32% read Y and Z , 28%
read X and Z .12% do not read any of the three
n(ABC) papers . IF 10,00,000 persons live in the city ,

= n(A) + n(B) + n(C)  n(AB) find the number of persons who read all the
three newspaper
 n(AC)  n(BC) + n(ABC)
n(XYZ) = 100 – 12 = 88%
= 40 + 40 + 35 – 17  20 – 15 + 5

= 68 n(XYZ) = n(X) + n(Y) + n(Z)

n(XY)  n(YZ)  n(XZ)
+ n(XYZ)
number of students in did not fail in any

subject 88 = 65 + 54 + 45  38 32 28

+ n(XYZ)
= n(A’B’C’)

= n(X)  n(ABC) n(XYZ) = 22%

= 350  68
number of persons who read all the three
= 282
newspaper
= 22%(10,00,000) = 220,000
04. in a town of 20,000 families , 40% buy 06. colony has a population of 2800
newspaper A , 20% buy B , 10% buy C , 5% members
buy A and B , 3% buy B and C and 4% buy A Members listening only English music = 650
and C . If 2% buy all three newspaper then Members listening only Hindi music = 550
number of families which buy only A Members listening only Bengali music = 450
Members listening all three music = 100
A(40) B(20) Members listening Hindi & English = 200
Members listening Hindi & Bengali = 400
3
33 14 Members listening Bengali & English = 300
2
2 1
n(X) = 2800
5
A(1050) B(950)
40 C(10)
ENG LI SH HIN DI
10
650 0 550
number of families which buy only A
10
= 33%(20000) = 6600 20 0 30
0 0
05. out of 1600 students , 390 played Kho Kho 450

, 450 played Kabaddi and 500 played cricket. 90

played both Kho Kho and Kabaddi , 125 played C(1050)

Kabaddi and Cricket and 155 played Kho Kho 450 BENG ALI n(X ) = 2800

and cricket . 50 played all three games

a. number of members listening Bengali music
n(ABC) = 390+450+50090125155 + 50 1050
= 1020

n(A’B’C’) = 1600  1020 = 580 b. number of members listening none of the

music = 450

A( 390) B(450)
c. number of members listening only one ty pe
KH OKH O KA BA DDI
40 of music = 650 + 550 + 450 = 1650
195 285
50
10 75 d. numbers of members listening to at least
5
two types of music
270
100 + 200 + 300 + 100 = 700

C(500)
e. ratio of members listening Hindi to that of
580 CRI CKE T n(X ) = 1600
Bengali music = 1050:1050 = 1:1

a. How many students did not play any game

= 580

b. How many played only Kho Kho

195

c. How many played only one game

195 + 285 + 270 = 750

d. How many played only 2 games

40 + 105 + 75 = 220
07. out of 1000 students , 658 fai led in 08. a company produces three kinds of
aggregate , 166 failed in aggregate and products named A , B and C . The company
Group 1 , 434 in aggregate and in Group II ,
studied the preference of 1600 consumers for
372 in group 1 , 590 in group II and 126 in
these three products . It was found that
both the groups
product A was liked by 1250 , the product B
A – students failed in aggregate
B  students failed in GROUP 1 was liked by 930 and product C was liked by
C  students failed in GROUP II 1000 . The product A and B were liked by 650 ,
the product B and C were like by 610 and the
Assume n(ABC) = 1000
product C and A were liked by 700 consumers .
n(ABC) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C)
None of the products were liked by 30
 n(AB)  n(BC)  n(AC)
consumers Find number of consumers who liked
+ n(ABC)
i) all three products ii) only two products
1000 = 658 + 372 + 590 166434126
+ n(ABC)
n(A ’ B ’ C ’ ) = n(X)  n(ABC)
n(ABC) = 106
30 = 1600  n(ABC)

A(658) B(372)
n(ABC) = 1570
A GG GR OU P I
60
164 186
10 n(ABC) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C)  n(AB)
32 6 20  n(AC)  n(BC) + n(ABC)
8
136 1570 = 1250 + 930 + 1000  650  610

 700 + n(ABC)
C(590)
n(ABC) = 350 … liked all 3 products
GR OU P II

1. how many failed in all three 106 consumers who liked exactly 2 products

2. how many failed in aggregate but not in = n(AB) + n(BC) + n(AC)  3n(ABC)
Group II = 650 + 610 + 700 3(350)
164+60 = 224
= 910

3. how many failed in Group I but not ME THOD 2

aggregate
186+20 = 206 A(1250) B(930)

300
4. how many failed in group II but not in 250 20
group I 350
350 260
328+136 = 464

40
5. how many failed in aggregate or group II
but not in Group I
30 C(1000) n(X ) = 1600
164+328+136 = 628

6. how many failed in aggregate but not in consumers who liked exactly 2 products
group I and Group II = 300 + 260 + 350 = 910
164
09. in a group of people , each of whom
speaks at least one of the languages English ,
Hindi and Bengali , 31 speak English , 36
speaks Hindi , 27 speaks Bengali , 10 speaks
both English and Hindi , 9 both English and
Bengali , 11 both Hindi and Bengali . PROVE
that the group contains at least 64 people
and not more than 73 people
n(ABC) = x (say)
n(ABC) = 31+36+2710911 + x
= 64+x

A( 31) B(36)
ENG LI SH H IN DI
10
x
x
9 11 x
x

C(27)
BENG A LI
least value of x = 0
n(ABC) = 64

maximum value of x = 9
[for x > 9 , 9x < 0 – that will make the data
inconsistent )
n(ABC) = 64 + 9 = 73

10. a company studied the product

preferences of 300 conusmers . It was found
that 226 like product A , 51 like product B ,
54 like C , 21 like A and B , 54 like A and C ,
39 like B and C and 9 like all three product .
Assuming that each consumer like atleast one
of the three products . Check the cons istency
of the data
A( 226) B(51)

12
160 0
9
45 30

30

C(54)
DATA IS INCONSISTENT
01.
A = {a,b,c,d,e} , B = {a,e,I,o,u } c. {x: x 2 +2x+1 = 0 , x  N }

C = {m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u} x 2 +2x+1 = 0
(x+1) 2 = 0

1. AB has how many elements x = 1  N

AB = {a,b,c,d,e,i,o,u} { } ….. NOT A SINGLETON SET

n(AB) = 8 (EMPTY SET)

2. BC = {a,e,i,o,u,m,n,p,q,r,s,t}
d. {x :x 2 = 7 , x  N }

3. AC = {a,b,c,d,e,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u} x =  7  N
{ } ….. NOT A SINGLETON SET
4. BC = {0,u} (EMPTY SET)

5. AB = {a,e}
05.
6. AB = {b,c,d} A = {O,R,A,N,G,E}
B = {0,1,2,3,4,5}
02.
The above two sets are ‘
A = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} B = {2,4,6,8}
a. Equal b. Equivalent
Cardinal number of A – B
c. Disjoint d. both b and c
AB = {1,3,5,7}
A B
n(AB) = 4
n(A) = n(B) ….. Equivalent sets
AB = {} ….. Disjoint sets
03.
Hence
A = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
Option d
B = {1,3,4,5,7,8}
C = {2,6,8}
(AB)C
AB = {2,9}
(AB)C = {2,6,8,9}

04.
Which of the following is a singleton set
a. {x: |x| = 5 , x  N}
x = 5 , since xN , x = 5
{5} ….. singleton set

b. {x: |x| = 6 , x  Z}
x = 6
{6,6} …..NOT singleton set
06. SUB SET
If A and B are two sets containing 4 and 7 If all elements of set A are in set B , then set A
distinct elements respectively , find the is called subset of B
maximum possible number and the minimum Its quiet possible that set A is equal to set B
possible number of elements in A B In that case we happen to say
AB
Maximum number of elements in A B

PROPER SUBSET
A(4) B(7)
If all element s of A are in B and B has at least
one element more element than A , then A is
called the proper subset of B
AB
= 11

Minimum number of elements in A B LET UNDERSTAND WITH AN EXAMPLE

A = {1,2,3}
B(7) Write the possible subsets of A
{} , {1} , {2} , {3} , {1,2} , {1,3} , {2,3} ,
A(4) {1,2,3} PROPER SUBSETS

= 7 NOTE 1 : an empty set and the set itself are

07. too subsets of any set
If set X and Y had 6 and 12 elements
respectively , what can be the minimum number NOTE 2 :
of elements in XY n(A) = 3
Minimum number of elements in XY No. of subsets formed = 2 3 = 8 ….. (2 n )

Y(12) No. of non empty subsets

{1} , {2} , {3} , {1,2} , {1,3} , {2,3} , {1,2,3}
X(6) = 7 = (2 n 1)

= 12 No. of non empty proper subsets

{1} , {2} , {3} , {1,2} , {1,3} , {2,3}
07.(a) = 6 = (2 n 2)
If set A and B had 3 and 6 elements respectively
09. Number of non empty subsets of the set
, what can be the minimum number of elements
{8,9,10,11,15}
in AB
= 2 5 1 ….. exclude the {}
Minimum number of elements in A B
= 31

B(6)
10. Number of non empty subsets of a set
consisting of 10 elements
A(3)
= 2 1 0 1 ….. exclude the {}
= 1023
= 6
11. Two finite sets have p and q number of 02. A = {1,2,3} ,B = {3,4} , C = {4,5,6}
elements . The total number of subsets of the Find (A x B)  (A x C)
first set is 8 times the total number of subsets
of the second set . Find p – q AxB = {(1,3),(1,4),(2,3),(2,4),(3,3),(3,4)}
Number of subsets of first set = 2 p AxC = {(1,4),(1,5),(1,6),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6),
Number of subsets of second s et = 2q
(3,4),(3,5),(3,6)}
Given
2 p = 8.2 q (AxB)(AxC) = {(1,4),(2,4),(3,4)
2 p = 2 3 .2 q
2 p = 2 q +3 pq = 3 MY TAKE
(AxB)(AxC)
12. Two finite sets with p and q as elements .
The total number of subsets of the first set is = Ax(BC)

64 more than the total number of subsets of = Ax{4}

the second . The values of p and q are ‘
a. 5,7 b. 7,6 c. 8,7 d. 9,7 = {(1,4),(2,4),(3,4)
2 p = 2 q + 64
Option b satisfies 03. A = {1,2,3} ,B = {3,4} , C = {4,5,6}
Find (A x B)  (B x C)
POWER SET
AxB = {(1,3),(1,4),(2,3),(2,4),(3,3),(3,4)}
Set of all possible subsets of any given set A is
called as POWER SET of set A , P(A) BxC = {(3,4),(3,5),(3,6),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6)}

13. A = {2,3,4} (AxB)(BxC) = { (3,4) }

No of subsets = 2 3 = 8
P(A) = { {} , {1} , {2} , {3} , {1,2} , {1,3} ,
NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IN A x B
{2,3} , {1,2,3} }
If A and B contain n and m elements
Hence for any given set A containing n elements
respectively then
, no of elements (subsets) in P(A) = 2 n
n(AxB) = nxm

14. Number of elements in the power set of Eg A = {1,3} , B = (2,3,4} then

set containing p elements
n(AxB) = 2x3 = 6
No of subsets = 2 p
Hence ,no. of elements in the power set = 2 p ( 6 ordered pairs in AxB)

04. If set A has m elements and set B has n

Let A and B be two non em pty sets then the elements then the number of elements in A x B
cartesian product of A and B is defined as a set ans m.n
of ordered pairs (a,b) such that a  A , b  B

Its denoted as AxB , read as ‘A cross B’ 05.

For A and B two given non empty subsets
AxB = {(a,b) / a  A , b  B }
consisting of m and n elements respectively ,
Example the total number of subsets of A x B will be
01. A = {1,2} , B = {a,b,c}
Number of elements in AxB = mn
AxB = {(1,a),(1,b),(1,c),(2,a),(2,b),(2,c)} Number of subsets of AxB = 2mn
Any subset of AxB is called RELATION (R) from
A to B , R:AB 08. A = {1,2,3} , B = {1,4,9,16,25}
R = {(x,y)/(x,y)  AxB} R:AB
R  AxB R = {(x,y)/ x A , x  B , x 2 = y }
= {(1,1),(2,4),(3,9)}
06. A = {1,2,3} , B = {4,5,6}
Which of the following are relations from A to B The set of all first components of the ordered
pair in relation is called domain of R
1. R1 = {(1,4) , (1,5) , (1,6)}
DOMAIN (R) = {1,2,3}
(1,4),(1,5),(1,6)  AxB
R1 AxB , hence R1 is a relation from A to B
The set of all second components of the
ordered pair in relation is called range of R
2. R2 = {(1,5) , (2,4) , (3,6)}
RANGE (R) = {1,4,9}
(1,5),(2,4),(3,6)  AxB
R2 AxB , hence R2 is a relation from A to B
if R:AB , then set B is called the CODOMAIN
of R
3. R3 = {(1,4) , (1,5) , (3,6) , (2,6) , (3,4) }
CODOMAIN (R) = {1,4,9,16,25}
(1,4),(1,5),(3,6),(2,6),(3,4)  AxB
R3 AxB , hence R3 is a relation from A to B
1. list the elements of R
2. Write domain , co domain & range of R
4. R4 = {(4,2) , (2,6) , (5,1) , (2,4) }
(4,2) , (5,1)  A x B
09.
R4 AxB , hence R4 is a NOT a relation from
Let A = {1,2,3,4,5} B = {1,4,5}
A to B
Let R be the relation from A to B such that (x,y)
 R , if x < y
07. A = {a,b,c,d} B = {p,q,r,s}
R = {(x,y)/(x,y)AxB , x < y}
Which of the following are relations from A to B
= { (1,4) , (1,5) , (2,4) , (2,5) , (3,4) ,
a. R1 = {(a,p),(b,r),(c,s)}
(3,5) , (4,5) }
(a,p),(b,r),(c,s)  AxB
R1AxB , hence R1 is a relation from A to B
Domain(R) = {1,2,3,4}
Range (R) = {4,5}
b. R2 = {(q,b),(c,s),(d,r)}
Co-domain(R) = {1,4,5}
(q,b)  AxB
R2  AxB , R2 is NOT a relation from A to B
10.
R = {(x,y) / y = 3x , x  {1,2,3} ,
c. R3 = {(a,p),(b,r),(c,r),(s,q)}
y  {3,6,9,12} }
(s,q)  AxB
R3  AxB , R3 is NOT a relation from A to B R = {(1,3) , (2,6) , (3,9) }

Domain(R) = {1,2,3}
d. R4 = {(a,p),(b,s),(s,b),(q,a)}
(s,b),(q,a)  AxB Range (R) = {3,6,9}

R4  AxB , R4 is NOT a relation from A to B Co-domain(R) = {3,6,9,12}

11.
A = {1,2,3} , B = {1,2,3,4}
R = {(x,y) : (x,y) AxB , y = x+1 } If R:AB then inverse relation R  1 :BA
R = { (1,2) , (2,3) , (3,4) R  AxB then R  1 BxA

12. 15.
Let A = {1,2,3,4,5,6} define a relation R from A A = {2,3,5,7} B = {4,6,9,10,11}
to A , R = {(x,y) / x,y A , y = x+1} R is a relation defined as ‘is a divisor of’ from A
to B .
R = {(1,2),(2,3),(3,4) ,(4,5),(5,6)} 1. Find the domain and range of R
1. Hence find the domain and range of R  1
Domain(R) = {1,2,3,4,5}

Range (R) = {2,3,4,5,6}

R = {(2,4),(2,6),(2,10),(3,6),(3,9) ,(5,10)}
Co-domain(R) = {1,2,3,4,5,6} Domain (R) = {2,3,5}
Range (R) = {4,6,9,10}
13.
R = {(x,y) / x,y  W , 2x + y = 8 } R 1 = {(4,2),(6,2),(10,2),(6,3),(9,3),(10,5)}
NOTE
R = { (0,8) , (1,6) , (2,4) , (3,2) , (4,0) }
R  1 is a relation defined as ‘is divisible by’ from
Domain (R) = {0,1,2,3,4}
B to A
Range (R) = {0,2,4,6,8} Domain (R  1 ) = {4,6,9,10}

Co-domain (R)= W Range (R  1 ) = {2,3,5}

14. 15(a).

The range of relation where A = {1,2,3,4,…..,10}

R={(x,x+5)/ x {0,1,2,3,4,5} } R is a relation on A

R = {(x,y)/x+y=10 , x A , y A, x  y }
R ={(0,5),(1,6),(2,7),(3,8),(4,9),(5,10)} Find domain of R  1

Range (R) = {5,6,7,8,9,10}

A = {1,2,3,4,…..,10}

R : AA

R = {(x,y)/x+y=10 , x A , y A, x  y }

= {(5,5),(6,4),(7,3),(8,2),(9,1)}

R 1 = {(5,5),(4,6),(3,7),(2,8),(1,9)}
Domain of R  1 = {1,2,3,4,5}

NOTE :
D(R  1 ) = R(R)
R(R  1 ) = D(R)
For A and B two given non empty subsets A = {2,4,7}
consisting of m and n elements respectively , R:AA
the total no. of relations from A to B will be ? Is REFLEXIVE if (a,a)R for all aA

Number of elements in AxB = mn R = {(2,2),(4,4),(7,7)}

Number of subsets of AxB = 2mn IS SYMMETRIC if (a,b)R then (b,a)R

R = {(2,4),(4,2),(2,7),(7,2)
Since R:AB ,hence R  AxB

Number of relations from A to B = 2 m n IS TRANSITIVE if (a,b),(b,c) R then

(a,c)  R
17. R = {(2,4) , (4,7) , (2,7) }
A = {1,2} , B = {3,4} . Find total number of
relations from A to B 20. STATE THE TYPE OF RELATION defined on
set A = {a,b,c}
Number of elements (ordered pairs) in AxB
01.
= 2x2 = 4
R = {(a,b) , (b,c) , (c,a) }
Number of subsets of AxB = 24
(a,a) , (b,b) ,(c,c)  R , NON REFLEXIVE
R is relation from A to B ,hence R AxB
(b,a) , (c,b) , (a,c)  R , NON SYMMETRIC
Number of relations from A to B = 16
(a,b),(b,c)  R ,(a,c)  R . NON TRANSITIVE

18.
02.
A = {c,d,e} , B = {a,b} . Find total number
R={(a,a),(a,b),(a,c),(b,b),(b,c),(c,a),(c,b),(c,c)}
of relations from A to B
(a,a) , (b,b) ,(c,c)  R ,REFLEXIVE
Number of elements (ordered pairs) in AxB (a,b)  R , (b,a)  R , NON SYMMETRIC
= 3x2 = 6
(b,c),(c,a)  R ,(b,a)  R . NON TRANSITIVE
Number of subsets of AxB = 2 6

R is relation from A to B , hence R AxB 03.

R = {(a,b) , (b,a) , (a,c) ,(c,a) }
Number of relations from A to B = 64
(a,a) , (b,b) ,(c,c)  R , NON REFLEXIVE

19. (a,b),(b,a) R
A = {x,y}. Find number of relations on A Similarly (a,c) , (c,a)  R , SYMMETRIC
Number of elements (ordered pairs) in AxA
(a,b),(b,a)  R ,(a,a)  R . NON TRANSITIVE
= 2x2 = 4

R :AA , hence R  AxA 21. STATE THE TYPE OF RELATION defined on

Number of subsets of AxA = 24 set A = {1,2,3}

Number of relations from A to A = 16

R1 = {(1,1) , (2,2) , (3,3) , (1,2)}

NOTE : in the last 3 sums student can use 2 m n (1,1) , (2,2) , (3,3)  R ,REFLEXIVE
to get to answer directly
(1,2)  R , (2,1)R , NON SYMMETRIC
MY TAKE - memory don’t have life , concepts
(1,2) , (2,2)  R ,(1,2)  R . TRANSITIVE
are eternal .
R2 = {(1,1) , (2,2) , (1,2) , (2,1)} 04. ‘is reciprocal of’ over a set of non zero

(3,3)  R ,NON REFLEXIVE real numbers

Let us consider a finite s et of real
(1,2) , (2,1)  R , SYMMETRIC
numbers say {2,3,1/2,1/3}
(1,2) , (2,1)  R , (1,1)  R . TRANSITIVE R = {(x,y)/x,y{2,3,1/2,1/3} , x = 1/y}
= {(2,1/2),(1/2,2),(3,1/3),(1/3,3)}
R3 = {(1,1) , (2,2) , (3,3) , (1,2) , (2,1) SYMMETRIC
(2,3) , (3,2)}

(1,1) , (2,2) , (3,3)  R ,REFLEXIVE

(1,2) , (2,1) , (2,3) , (3,2)  R , SYMMETRIC

(1,2) , (2,3)  R , (1,3) R . NON TRANSITIVE

R4 = {(1,1) , (2,3) , (3,2) }

(2,2) , (3,3)  R ,NON REFLEXIVE

(2,3) , (3,2)  R , SYMMETRIC

(2,3) , (3,2)  R , (2,2)  R .NON TRANSITIVE

22.
01. ‘is smaller than’ over the set of eggs in
the box
Let the eggs be numbered as 1 , 2 & 3 in
the increasing order of their sizes
R = {(x,y)/ x < y}
R = {(1,2),(2,3),(1,3)}
TRANSITIVE

02. ‘is equal to’ over set of real numbers

Let us consider a finite set of real
numbers say {1,2,3}
R = {(x,y)/ x,y {1,2,3} , x=y}
R = {(1,1),(2,2),(3,3)}
REFLEXIVE , SYMMETRIC & TRANSITIVE
HENCE EQUIVALENT

03. ‘is perpendicular to’ over the set of

straight lines in a given plane
Let us consider a finite set of lines say
(l1, l2 , l3) in a plane such l1 l2 , l2 l3
R = {(l1,l2),(l2,l1),(l2,l3),(l3,l2)}
SYMMETRIC
01. FIND NUMBER OF WORKERS IN SET L I a. 42 b. 8 c. 10 d. 43

SKI LLE D (T) U NSKI LLED & SKI LLE D (T) U NSKI LLED &
DIR ECT DIR ECT I N DIRE CT ( I) I N DIRE CT ( I)

SH OR T TERM ( S) 6 8 10 20

ME DIUM TERM (M) 7 10 16 9

LONG TERM ( L) 3 2 LI 8 0

02. FIND NUMBER OF WORKERS IN SET S TI a. 42 b. 8 c. 10 d. 43

SKI LLE D (T) U NSKI LLED & SKI LLE D (T) U NSKI LLED &
DIR ECT DIR ECT I N DIRE CT ( I) I N DIRE CT ( I)

SH OR T TERM ( S) 6 8 STI 10 20

ME DIUM TERM (M) 7 10 16 9

LONG TERM ( L) 3 2 8 0

03. FIND NUMBER OF WORKERS IN SET (ML)(TI) a. 42 b. 8 c. 10 d. 43

SKI LLE D (T) U NSKI LLED & SKI LLE D (T) U NSKI LLED &
DIR ECT DIR ECT I N DIRE CT ( I) I N DIRE CT ( I)

SH OR T TERM ( S) 6 TI 8 TI 10 20

ME DIUM TERM (M) 7 10 16 9

LONG TERM ( L) 3 2 8 0 ML

04. FIND NUMBER OF WORKERS IN SET S’(S’I)’ a. 42 b. 44 c. 43 d. 99

SKI LLE D (T) U NSKI LLED & SKI LLE D (T) U NSKI LLED &
DIR ECT DIR ECT I N DIRE CT ( I) I N DIRE CT ( I)

SH OR T TERM ( S) 6 8 10 20 (S’I)’
ME DIUM TERM (M) 7 10 16 9

LONG TERM ( L) 3 2 8 0 S’

05. FIND NUMBER OF WORKERS IN SET ( IT)’ a. 42 b. 65 c. 34 d. 99

SKI LLE D (T) U NSKI LLED & SKI LLE D (T) U NSKI LLED &
DIR ECT DIR ECT I N DIRE CT ( I) I N DIRE CT ( I)

SH OR T TERM ( S) 6 8 10 20
ME DIUM TERM (M) 7 10 16 9
LONG TERM ( L) 3 2 IT 8 0 (IT)’

06. FIND NUMBER OF WORKERS IN SET S(IS’) a. 11 b. 34 c. 44 d. 21

SKI LLE D (T) U NSKI LLED & SKI LLE D (T) U NSKI LLED &
DIR ECT DIR ECT I N DIRE CT ( I) I N DIRE CT ( I)

SH OR T TERM ( S) 6 8 10 20 S

ME DIUM TERM (M) 7 10 16 9

LONG TERM ( L) 3 2 IS’ 8 0

WHEN RELATION FROM A TO B BECOMES FUNCTION FROM A TO B
Let R: AB .
IF EVERY ELEMENT OF SET A IS RELATED / MAPPED TO ONE AND ONLY ONE ELEMENT OF B , THEN
R:AB IS CALLED f:AB

TYPES OF FUNCTION

INTO ONTO

ONE  ONE MANY  ONE ONE  ONE MANY  ONE

a a
1 1 a 1 a
1
b b
2 2 b 2
2
c 3 c
3 c 3 b
3
d d

R ANGE  {a,b,c} R ANGE  {a,c} R ANGE  {a,b,c} R ANGE  {a,b}

CODOM AI N  {a,b,c,d} CODOM AI N  {a,b,c,d} CODOM AI N  {a,b,c} CODOM AI N  {a,b}

RANGE IS PROPER SUBSET OF CODOMAIN RANGE  CODOMAIN

RANGE  CODOMAIN RANGE = CODOMAIN

 NOTE – In the coming few sums I , would be
In 01 , 02 , which R:AB is function writing the domain of the f’s in all kinds of
different languages so that the student
01. A = {x,y,z} , B = {p,q,r,s} becomes accustomed to all of it

a) R1  {(x,p) , (x,q) , (y,r) , (z,s) }

ONE T O MA NY , hence R1 is NOT a 03. f(x) = 4x+5 , 4  x < 0 .
function Find f(1) , f(2) , f(0)

b) R2  {(x,s) , (y,s) , (z,s)} NOTE

every element of A is related to one f starts at 4 and stops just before 0

and and only one element of B .
f(1) = 4(1)+5 = 1
Hence R2 is a function
f(2) = 4(2) +5 = 3
c) R3  {(y,p) , (y,q) , (y,r) , (z,s)} f(0) = CAN’ T BE DET ERMINE D
ONE T O MA NY , hence R1 is NOT a SI NCE x  [4,0)
function

d) R4  {(x,p) , (y,r) , (x,s)} 04. f(x) = x 2 +3 , x  2

z  A is not mapped to any element = 5x+7 , x  2
of B . Find f(3) , f(2) , f(0) , f( 4)
Since every element of A has to be
NOTE
related to one and and only one
f = x 2 +3 starts at  , stops at 2
element of B . Hence R4 is NOT a
= 5x+7 starts after 2 and stops at 
function

02. A = {a,b,c,d} , B = {p,q,r,s} f(3) = 5(3)+7 = 22

f(2) = 2 2 +3 = 7
a) R1  {(a,p) , (b,q) , (c,s) }
f(0) = 0 2 +3 = 3
d  A is not mapped to any element
f(4) = (4) 2 +3 = 19
of B . Since every element of A has to
be related to one and and only one
element of B . Hence R1 is NOT a 05. f(x) = 4x2 , x  3
function = 5 , 3 < x < 3
= x2 , x  3
b) R2  {(b,p) , (c,s) , (b,r)}
ONE T O MANY , since b  A is mapped to Find f4) , f(3) , f(1) , f(5)
more than one element in B . NOTE DOMAIN ( f)

Also a , d  A are not mapped to a ny 

element of B . Hence R2 is NOT a f(x) = 4x2 , (,3]
function = 5 , (3,3)
= x2 , [3,)

c) R3  {(a,p) , (b,r) , (c,q) , (d,s)}

f(4) = 4(4)2 = 18
every element of A is related to one
and and only one element of B . f(3) = 4(3)2 = 14
Hence R2 is a function f(1) = 5
f(5) = 5 2 = 25
06. f(x) = x 2 3 , x R , 2  x  2 . Find
f(3)
x = 3  [2,2) . Hence
f(3) can’t be determined OR f(3) does 01. f(x) = 2x , g(x) = 4x+1
not exist

fog(x) g (x ) f( x)
07. f(x) = x 2 3 , x R , 2  x  2 . Find x 1 5 10
2x
= f[g(x)] 4 x+1
such that f(x) = 6
= 2g(x) fog( x)
f(x) = 6
8 x+2
x 2 3 = 6 = 2(4x+1)
x2 = 9
= 8x+2
x =  3  [2,2) .
Since no x [2,2) gives f(x) = 6 , we
can say f(x) = 6 does not exist gof(x) f( x) g (x )
1 2 ) 9
= g[f(x)] 2x 4 x+1
08. f(x) = x+1 , 0  x  2
= 4f(x)+1 g of( x)
= 2x1 , 2  x  4 8 x+1
= 3x10 , 4  x  6 = 4(2x)+1

f is defined on set of integers . Write f = 8x+1

in the roster form . Also write the range
of f
f(0) = 0+1 = 1 , f(1) = 1+ 1 = 2
f(2) = 2(2)1 = 3 , f(3) =2(3)1 = 5 02. f(x) = 3x1 , g(x) = x 2 +1

f(4) = 3(4)10 = 2 , f(5) =3(5)10= 5

fog(x) g (x ) f( x)
f = {(0,1),(1,2),(2,3),(3,5),(4,2),(5,5)} 1 2 5
= f[g(x)] 3 x1
Range of f = {1 , 2 , 3 , 5} x 2 +1

= 3g(x) 1 fog( x)

09. f(x) = 2x+1 , 0  x  2 3 x 2 +2

= 3(x 2 +1)1
= x2 , 2  x  5
= 3x 2 +2
Find x , f(x) = ½
CASE 1
2x+1 = ½ gof(x) f( x) g (x )
2x = ½ 1 1 2 ) 5
= g[f(x)] 3x 1 x 2 +1
2x = 1/2
= f(x) 2 +1 g of( x)
x = 1/4  [0,2)
9 x 2 6 x+2
= (3x1) 2 +1
CASE 2
x2 = ½ = 9x 2 6x+2

x = 2+ 1 / 2
x = 5 / 2  [2,5] . Hence x = 5 / 2
 05. f(x) = 256x 4 , g(x) = x

fog(x) g (x ) f( x)
1 1 256
= f[g(x)] x 256 x 4

03. f(x) = x5 , g(x) = x 2 1 = 256[g(x)] 4 fog( x)

= 256(  x) 4 256 x 2

fog(x) g (x ) f( x) = 256x 2
2 3 2
= f[g(x)] x 2 1 x 5

= g(x)5 fog( x) gof(x) f( x) g (x )

x2 6 1 25 6 ) 16
= x 2 15 = g[f(x)] 256 x 4 x

= x 2 6 =  f(x) g of( x)

16x 2
=  256x 4
gof(x) f( x) g (x ) = 16x 2
6 1 ) 0
= g[f(x)] x 5 x 2 1

= f(x) 2 1 g of( x) 06. f(x) = 1 g(x) = x1

x 2 10 x+24 1x x
= (x5) 2 1 fog(x)

= x 2 10x+24 = f[g(x)]

= 1
g (x ) f( x)
1g(x) 2 1
2
3 ( x1) / 2 1/
x (1 x )
04. f(x) = 8x 3 , g(x) = x = 1
1 x1 fog( x)
fog(x) g (x ) f( x)
8 2 64 x x
= f[g(x)] x 1 /3 8x3
= x = x
= 8g(x) 3 fog( x) xx+1
3 8x x
= 8(  x) 3

= 8x
gof(x)

= g[f(x)]
gof(x) f( x) g (x )
1 8 ) 2
8x3
= f(x)1
= g[f(x)] x1/3 g (x )
f( x)
f(x) 2 1 2
= 3  f(x) g of( x) 1/
(1 x ) ( x1) /
= 1 1 x
2x
= 3  8x 3
1x g of( x)

1 x
= 2x
1x

= 11+x

= x
07. f(x) = x g(x) = x 09. f(x) = x+1 . f [ f ( 1/x ) ]
( 1+x 2 ) ( 1x 2 ) x+2
fog(x)

= f[g(x)]
4 f [ f ( 1/x ) ]
5

= g(x) 1/ + 1
x
( 1+g(x) 2 ) =f 1/ + 2
g(x)= x x

x ( 1x 2 )
= ( 1x 2 ) 1+x
=f
1+ x 2 1+2x
fog(x)
4
1x 2 = x
3
1+x + 1
x
1+2x
= ( 1x 2 ) =
f(x)= x 1+x + 2
1x 2 +x 2
( 1+x 2 ) 1+2x
1x 2

x 1+x+1+2x
= ( 1x 2 )
4 =
5 1+x+2+4x
1
( 1x 2 )
3x+2
= x 5x+3

08. f(x) = 1+x , then 2x METHOD – 2

log f =2 f (x)
1x 1+x 2
f [ f ( 1/x ) ]
2x
f TAKE x = 1
1+x 2
USE OPTIONS
1+ 2x =f [f (1)] PUT x = 1
1+x 2
= log a) 3x+2 = 5
1 2x = f [ 1+1 / 1+2 ] 2x+5 7
1+x 2

=f [2/3] b) 2x+5 = 7
1+x 2 +2x 3x+2 5
= log
1+x 2 2x = 2 /3 + 1
2/ + 2  c) 3x+2 = 5
3
1+x 2 5x+3 8
= log
1x = 2 + 3
d) 5x+2
2 + 6 2x+3
1+x
= 2log
1x = 5
8
= 2f(x)
01. f(x) = 5x3 , 5  x  1
DOM AIN

5  x  1 BEFORE GOING AHEAD , LET UNDERSTAND

THIS
25  5x  5

253  5x3  53 2  x  3 2 0 3

28  f(x)  2 then 0  x2  9

Range of f = [28,2]
4  x  3 4 0 3
then 0  x 2  16
02. g(x) = 2x+6 , 1  x  5
DOM AIN

1  x  5 5  x  2 5 0 2
then 0  x 2  25
2  2x  10

2+6  2x+6  10+6

1  x  4 0 1 4
4  g(x)  16
then 1  x 2  16

Range of g = [4,16]
2  x  5 0 2 5

03. f(x) = 34x , 4  x  2 then 4  x 2  25

DOM AIN

4  x  2 5  x  2 5 2 0

16  4x  8 then 4  x 2  25

3+16  34x  +38

19  f(x)  5

Range of f = [5,19] 05. f(x) = 3x 2 +5 , 3  x  4

DOM AI N

04. h(x) = 27x, 2  x  4 3  x  4

DOM AIN
0  x2  16
2  x  4 0  3x 2  48
14  7x  28 0+5  3x 2 +5  48+5
142  27x  228 5  f(x)  53

12  h(x)  30
Range of f = [5,53]
Range of h = [30,12]
06. g(x) = 2x 2 4 , 1  x  4
DOM AI N 09. f(x) = log 10 (1+ x) , 0  x  9
DOM AI N
1  x  4
0  x  9
1  x2  16
1  1+x  10
2  2x 2  32
log
10
1  log
10
(1 +x)  log
10
10
24  2x 2 4  324
0  f(x)  1
2  g(x)  28

Range of f = [0,1]
Range of g = [2,28]

10. f(x) = 10 (1 +x) , 0  x  9

07. h(x) = 25x 2 , 1  x  3 DOM AI N
DOM AI N
0  x  9
1  x  3
1  1+x  10
0  x2  9
10
1  10
(1+ x)  10
10

0  5x 2  45
10  f(x)  10
10

0  5x 2  45
Range of f = [10,10 10 ]
0+2  25x 2  45+2

2  h(x)  43

Range of h = [43,2]

08. f(x) = 92x 2 , 5  x  3

DOM AI N

5  x  3

0  x2  25

0  2x 2  50

0  2x 2  50

0+9  95x 2  50+9

9  f(x)  41

Range of f = [41,9]
01. f(x) = 2x+5

y = 2x+5 x y
f = 2x+5
y5 = 2x
1 7
x = 1 (y5) f 1 = 1(x5)
2 2

f  1 (x) = 1(x5)
2

02. f(x) = 2x+5

3
y = 2x+5 f = 2x+5
x y
3 3
y5 = 2x 7
3
3 1
f = 3(x5)
x = 3 (y5) 2
2
f  1 (x) = 3(x5)
2

03. f(x) = 3x7

4
y = 3x7 f = 3x7
x y
4 4
y+7 = 3x 4
4
4 1
f = 4(x+7)
x = 4 (y+7) 3
3
f  1 (x) = 4(x+7)
3

04. f(x) = 2+x U SE OP TI ON S

2x
f = 2+x
2x
y = 2+x
1 3
2x
f 1 = 2(x1)
COMPONENDO & DIVIDENDO x+1
y+1 = 2 P UT x = 3 IN f 1 GET BACK T O 1
y1 x
a) 2(x1) b) 2(x+1) c) x+1 d) x1
x = 2(y1)  x+1 x1 x1 x+1
y+1
2(31) 2(3+1) 3+1 31
f  1 (x) = 2(x1) 3+1 31 31 3+1
x+1 1 4 2 ½ option a
05. f(x) = 5+x U SE OP TI ON S
5x
f = 5+x
5x
y = 5+x
4 9
5x 1
f = 5(x1)
COMPONENDO & DIVI DENDO x+1

y+1 = 5 P UT x = 9 IN f 1 GE T BACK T O 4
y1 x
a) 5(x1) b) 5(x+1) c) x+1 d) x1
x = 5(y1)  x+1 x1 x1 x+1
y+1
5(91) 5(9+1) 9+1 91
f  1 (x) = 5(x1) 9+1 91 91 9+1
4 50 / 5/ 4/
x+1 8 4 5 option a

06. f(x) = x+2 U SE OP TI ON S

4x3
f = x+2
4x3
y = x+2 1 3
4x3 f 1 = 3x+2
4x1
4xy3y = x+2
P UT x = 3 IN f 1 GE T BACK T O 1
4xyx = 3y+2
a) 2x+3 b) 3x+2 c) 4x3 d) 34x
x = 3y+2  4x1  4x1  x+2  2+x
4y1
6+3 9+2 123 312
f  1 (x) = 3x+2 121 3+2 9+1 2+3
9/ 11 / 9/ 9 /
4x1 11 11 5 5 option b

07. f(x) = x+3 U SE OP TI ON S

4x5
f = x+3
4x5
y = x+3
1 4
4x5 1
f = 5x+3 3
4xy5y = x+3 4x1

4xyx = 5y+3 P UT x = 4 I N f 1 GE T BACK T O 1

x = 5y+3 a) 5x3 b) 5x+3 c) 4x5 d) 4x+5

4y1  4x+1  4x1  x+3  x3

f  1 (x) = 5x+3 203 20+3 165 16+5

16+1 161 4+3 43
4x1 option b
23 / 17 / 21 / 11 /
15 17 1 7

h(x) = log x
08. 10

y = log x
10

y 1 x
x = 10 , h (x) = 10
 7  5 = 2
M(10) P(9) C(7)
01. JULY 21’
n(U) = 650 , n(A) = 310 , n(B) = 190 4 2 5 20
n(AB) = 95 , n(A  B) = ?
a. 400 b. 200 c. 300 d. 245
n( x)=650 9  4  2
M(10) P(9) C(7)
A (310) B(190)

95 95 405 4 3 2 5 20

245

No. of teachers teaching

02. JUN ‘23
Chemistry & Physics = 2
Survey shows 74% of Indians like grapes
Only Physics = 3
where as 68% like bananas What % of
Indians like both if everybody likes either
04. DEC 22
of the two
A = {1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9}
a. 32 b. 26 c. 6 d. 42
B = {2,4,6,7,9}
100 = 74 + 68  n(AB)
How many proper subsets of A B can be
n(AB) = 42
created
a. 16 b. 15 c. 32 d. 31
03. DEC 21
Out of a group of 20 teachers in a school , AB = {2,4,7,9}
No of subsets = 2 4 = 16
10 teach Mathematics , 9 teach Physics &
No. of proper subsets = 161 = 15
7 teach Chemistry . 4 teach Math &
Physics but none teach both Math and 05. DEC 22
Chemistry . How many teach Chemistry & No. of subsets of {0,1,2,3}
Physics . How many teach only Physics a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 16
a. 2,3 b. 3,2 c. 4,6 d. 6,4 24 = 16
M(10) P(9) C(7)
06. JUNE 22
Two finite sets with and a and b elements
4 15 20 . The total number of subsets of the first
set is 56 more than the total numbers
subsets of the 2 n d set . Find a , b

n(MUP) = 10 + 9  4 = 15 a. 6,3 b. 3,6 c. 8,4 d. 6,4

No. of subsets of
20 – 15 = 5 First set = 2a
M(10) P(9) C(7) Second set = 2b
2 a 2 b = 56
4 5 20 Trying options
2 6 2 3 = 648 = 56 satisfies .
Hence a=6 , b=3
07. JUNE 19 10. JUNE 22
R = {(3,3),(6,6),(9,9),(12,12),
A = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
(6,12),(3,9),(3,12),(3,6)}
B = {1,3,4,5,7,8}
defined on A = {3,6,9,12} then R is
C = {2,6,8} a. Equivalence
Find (AB)  C b. Reflexive & Transitive only
AB = {2,6,9} c. Reflexive
d. Reflexive & Symmetric only
(AB) C
= {2,6,9}  {2,6,8}
Since R contains (3,3),(6,6),(9,9),(12,12)
= {2,6,8,9} its REFLEXIVE

08. JUNE 23 Since R contains (6,12) BUT NOT (12,6) ,

R is NOT SYMMETRIC
A = {a,b,c}
B = {b,c,d}
CHECKING TRANSITIVITY
C = {a,d,c} then (6,12) does not have any (HETRO)
(AB)x(BC) is ordered pair starting with 12
a. {(a,d),(c,d)} b. {(a,c),(a,d)} Same with (3,9) & (3,12) . So these pairs
do not pose any threat to TRANSITIVITY
c. {(c,a),(d,a)} d.{(a,c),(a,d),(b,d)}
NEXT COMES (3,6)
(3,6),(6,12),(3,12) maintains
AB = {a} TRANSITIVITY
BC = {c,d} Finally R is REFLEXIVE & TRANITIVE ONLY
(AB)x(BC)
11. JUNE 23
{a} x {c,d}
R = {(1,2),(2,3)} defined on
{(a,c) , (a,d)
set A = {1,2,3} . Find minimum no. of
ordered pairs which when added to R will
09. DEC 22 make it equivalence relation
A = {1,2,3} a. 5 b. 7 c. 6 d. 8

R : AA
For REFLEXIVE , we will have to add
R = {(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,3),(1,3)}
(1,1) , (2,2) , (3,3)
R is
a. Symmetric & Transitive Since R already contains (1,2) ,(2,3),
b. Reflexive but not Transitive To make R SYMMETRIC we will have to
add (2,1) , (3,2)
c. Reflexive but not Symmetric
d. Neither Symmetric not Transitive
Since R already contains (1,2) ,(2,3),
To make R TRANSITIVE we will have to
Since R contains (1,1) , (2,2) & (3,3) , its add (1,3) .
REFLEXIVE
HOLD – DON’T arrive at the answer ‘6’
Since R contains ( 1,2) BUT NOT (2,1) , R
On adding (1,3) to make the relation
is NOT SYMMETRIC
TRANSITIVE , we have broken the the
Since R contains (1,2) ,(2,3) & (1,3) , R is SYMMETRIC nature of relation . So go
TRANSITIVE back and add (3,1) to make relation once
again SYMMETRIC .
Finally number of ordered pairs to be
added to make R equivalence = 7
12. JUN 23
‘xRy’ , (xy) is  by 5 . x,y  N , then WHEN RELATION FROM A TO B BECOMES
relation R is FUNCTION FROM A TO B
a. Equivalence b. Not Symmetric Let R: AB .
c. Symmetric but not Transitive IF EVERY ELEMENT OF SET A IS RELATED /
d. Symmetric but not Reflexive’ MAPPED TO ONE AND ONLY ONE ELEMENT OF B
THEN R:AB IS CALLED f:AB
‘xRy’ , (xy) is  by 5 . x,y  N
13. JUNE 19
which R:AB is function
For any a  N , a-a=0 is by 5
A = {a,b,c,d} , B = {p,q,r,s}
Hence (a,a)  R
a) R 1  {(a,p) , (b,q) , (c,s) }
Hence REFLEXIVE b) R 2  {(b,p) , (c,s) , (b,r)}
c) R 3  {(a,p) , (b,r) , (c,q) , (d,s)}
For any a,b  N
a) R 1  {(a,p) , (b,q) , (c,s) }
If ab  5 then ba will also be by 5
d  A is not mapped to any element of
For example B . Since every element of A has to be
16  5 then 61 is also  by 5 related to one and and only one
Finally if (a,b)  R then (b,a)  R element of B . Hence R1 is NOT a
function
That makes R , SYMMETRIC

b) R 2  {(b,p) , (c,s) , (b,r)}

For any a,b  N ONE T O M ANY , since b  A is mapped to

If ab  5 & bc  5 then ac will also be more than one element in B .
Also a , d  A are not mapped to a ny
divisible by 5
element of B . Hence R 2 is NOT a
Example - 1-6  5 & 611  5 then 111 function
is also divisible by 5
Finally if (a,b),(b,c)  R then (a,c)  R c) R 3  {(a,p) , (b,r) , (c,q) , (d,s)}
every element of A is related to one
That makes R , TRANSITIVE
and and only one element of B . Hence
R 2 is a function
Conclusion – R has attained EQUIVALENCE
14. DEC 18
which R is function
a) R 1  {(1,1),(1,2),(1,3)}
b) R 2  {(1,1),(2,1),(2,3)}
c) R 3  {(1,2),(2,2),(3,2),(4,2)}
d) none

a. R 1  {(1,1),(1,2),(1,3)}
x = 1 is mapped to more than one
element , y = 2 ,3 . Hence R1 is NOT A
FUNCTION

b. R 2  {(1,1),(2,1),(2,3)}
x = 2 is mapped to more than one
element , y = 1 ,3 . Hence R2 is NOT A
FUNCTION
 c) R 3  {(1,2),(2,2),(3,2),(4,2)} 18. JUNE 23
x = 1, 2 , 3 & 4 are mapped to one and f(x) = 4x+3 , x  N , then f 1 (x) is
only element y . Hence R3 is A a. 4+(x+3)/4 b. (x+3)/4 c. (x 3)/4
FUNCTION d. (3x+4)/4

y = 4x+3
15. JULY 21
y3 = 4x
f(x) = x 2 1 , g(x) = |2x+3|
x = y4
then fog(3)  gof(3) = ?
3
a. 71 b. 61 c. 41 d. 51 f  1 (x) = x4
3 option c.
fog(3)  gof(3)

f[g(3)]  g[f(3)] 19. JUNE 22

f(p) = 1 , f 1 (p) =
f(|6+3|)  g(91)
1p
f(9)  g(8) a. 1 b. 1p c. 1p d. p1
p1 p p
(811)  |16+3|
f(p) = 1
80  19 1p

61 option b. y = 1
1p

16. JUNE 19 1p = 1

y
f(x) = x 2 , g(x) = x , then
a. gof(3) = 3 b. gof(3)=9 1 1 = p
y
c. gof(9) = 3 d. gof(9)=3
p = y1
TRYING OUT OPTIONS , y
Option a. f  1 (p)= p1
gof(3) = g[f(3)] = g(9) = 9 = 3 p option d.
satisfied
Hence option a 20. JUNE 22
f(p) = 1 , f 1 (p) =
1p
17. DEC 18
a. 1 b. 1p c. 1p d. p1
A = {1,2,3,4}
p1 p p
B = {1,4,9,16,25}
f(p) = 1
f:AB , f(x) = x 2 . Find the range of the 1p
f(x) y = 1
a. {1,2,3,4} b. {1,4,9,16} 1p
c. {1,4,9,16,25} d. none
1p = 1
y
Lets write the f(x) in the LIST FORM
1 1 = p
f = {(1,1),(2,4),(3,9),(4,16)} y
Range of f = {1,4,9,16} option b.
p = y1 , f  1 (p)= p1
y p option d.
21. DEC 22
u(x) = 1 , u 1 (x) =
1x

a. 1 b. 1x c. 1 1 d. 11
x1 x x
u(x) = 1
1x
y = 1
1x

1x = 1
y

1 1 = x
y

u 1 (x)= 1 1
x option c.

22. JULY 21
A = R{3} , B = R{1}
f : AB , f(x) = x2/x3 . Find f 1 (1/2)

a. 2/3 b. 3/4 c. 1 d. 1

f  1 (1/2) = x
1/2 = f(x)

1 = x2
2 x3

x3 = 2x4

3+4 = 2xx

x = 1 option c.

23. JULY 21
f(x) =  (16x 2 ) . Find range of f
a. [4,0] b. [4,4] c. [0,4]
d. (4,4)

f(x) =  (16x 2 )
max f(x) = 16 = 4
x=0
min f(x) = 0 = 0
x=4
Range of f(x) = [0,4] option c