Tables and Charts
Prefixes
thousandths
0.001s
uni- . . . . . . . . . one tera- . . . trillion (1012)
10–3
bi- . . . . . . . . . . two giga- . . . billion (109)
tri- . . . . . . . . . . three mega- . . million (106)
quad- . . . . . . . four kilo- . . . . thousand (103)
hundredths
0.01s
10–2 penta- . . . . . . . five hecto- . . hundred (102)
hexa- . . . . . . . six deca-. . . ten (101)
hepta- . . . . . . . seven uni- . . . . one (100)
tenths
deci- . . . tenth (101)
10–1
0.1s
octa- . . . . . . . . eight
nona- . . . . . . . nine centi-. . . hundredth (102)
milli- . . . thousandth (103)
.
deca- . . . . . . . ten
micro- . . millionth (106)
ones
dodeca- . . . . . twelve
100
1s
icosa- . . . . . . . twenty nano- . . billionth (109)
tens
10s
101
Multiplication and Division Table
hundreds
100s
102
Place-Value Chart
thousands
1,000s
103
thousands
10,000s
104
10
thousands
100,000s
100
105
10,000,000s 1,000,000s
millions
106
millions
107
10
Rules for Order of Operations
100,000,000s
1. Do operations within parentheses or other
millions
grouping symbols before doing anything else.
100
108
2. Calculate all powers.
3. Do multiplications and divisions in order,
from left to right.
millions
billions
1,000
109
4. Then do additions and subtractions in order,
from left to right.
370 three hundred seventy
Tables and Charts
Metric System U.S. Customary System
Units of Length Units of Length
1 kilometer (km) 1,000 meters (m) 1 mile (mi) 1,760 yards (yd)
1 meter 10 decimeters (dm) 5,280 feet (ft)
100 centimeters (cm) 1 yard 3 feet
1,000 millimeters (mm) 36 inches (in.)
1 decimeter 10 centimeters 1 foot 12 inches
1 centimeter 10 millimeters
Units of Area
Units of Area
1 square yard (yd2) 9 square feet (ft2)
1 square meter (m2) 100 square decimeters (dm2) 1,296 square inches (in.2)
10,000 square centimeters (cm2) 1 square foot 144 square inches
1 square decimeter 100 square centimeters 1 acre 43,560 square feet
1 square kilometer 1,000,000 square meters 1 square mile (mi2) 640 acres
Units of Volume Units of Volume
1 cubic meter (m3) 1,000 cubic decimeters (dm3) 1 cubic yard (yd3) 27 cubic feet (ft3)
1,000,000 cubic centimeters (cm3) 1 cubic foot 1,728 cubic inches (in.3)
1 cubic decimeter 1,000 cubic centimeters
Units of Capacity
Units of Capacity
1 gallon (gal) 4 quarts (qt)
1 kiloliter (kL) 1,000 liters (L) 1 quart 2 pints (pt)
1 liter 1,000 milliliters (mL) 1 pint 2 cups (c)
1 cubic centimeter 1 milliliter 1 cup 8 fluid ounces (fl oz)
Units of Weight 1 fluid ounce 2 tablespoons (tbs)
1 tablespoon 3 teaspoons (tsp)
1 metric ton (t) 1,000 kilograms (kg)
1 kilogram 1,000 grams (g) Units of Weight
1 gram 1,000 milligrams (mg) 1 ton (T) 2,000 pounds (lb)
1 pound 16 ounces (oz)
System Equivalents
Units of Time
1 inch is about 2.5 cm (2.54)
1 century 100 years
1 kilometer is about 0.6 mile (0.621)
1 decade 10 years
1 mile is about 1.6 kilometers (1.609)
1 year (yr) 12 months
1 meter is about 39 inches (39.37)
52 weeks (plus one or two days)
1 liter is about 1.1 quarts (1.057)
365 days (366 days in a leap year)
1 ounce is about 28 grams (28.350)
1 month (mo) 28, 29, 30, or 31 days
1 kilogram is about 2.2 pounds (2.205)
1 week (wk) 7 days
1 day (d) 24 hours
1 hour (hr) 60 minutes
1 minute (min) 60 seconds (sec)
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Tables and Charts
Decimal and Percent
Equivalents for
“Easy” Fractions
“Easy”
Fractions Decimals Percents The Global Grid
North Pole
90°N
Meridians Parallels
(longitude) (latitude)
60°N
45°N
Prime Meridian
30°N
15°N
A
Equator
0°
60°W
60°E
45°E
45°W
30°E
30°W
15°E
15°W
15°S
30°S
45°S
60°S
South Pole
90°S
Point A is located at 15°N, 30°E.
Fraction-Decimal Number Line
372 three hundred seventy-two
Tables and Charts
Fraction-Stick and Decimal Number-Line Chart
three hundred seventy-three 373
Tables and Charts
Table of Decimal Equivalents for Fractions
374 three hundred seventy-four
Tables and Charts
Equivalent Fractions, Decimals, and Percents
Note: The decimals for sevenths have been rounded to the nearest thousandth.
three hundred seventy-five 375
Tables and Charts
Symbols Probability Meter
plus or positive
minus or negative
ⴱ, multiplied by
, / divided by
is equal to
is not equal to
is less than
is greater than
is less than or equal to
is greater than or equal to
≈ is about equal to
n
x , x ^n nth power of x
兹x苶 square root of x
% percent
a:b, a / b, ab ratio of a to b
or a divided by b
a
or the fraction b
a [bs] a groups, b in each group
n / d → a Rb n divided by d
is a with remainder b
{ }, ( ), [ ] grouping symbols
∞ infinity
n! n factorial
ⴰ degree
(a,b) ordered pair
AS line AS
AS line segment AS
AS ray AS
right angle
⊥ is perpendicular to
ll is parallel to
䉭ABC triangle ABC
⬔ABC angle ABC
⬔B angle B
⬵ is congruent to
⬃ is similar to
⬅ is equivalent to
376 three hundred seventy-six
Tables and Charts
Formulas Meaning of Variables
Rectangles
• Perimeter: p (2 * l) (2 * w) p perimeter; l length; w width
• Area: A b * h A area; b length of base; h height
Squares
• Perimeter: p 4 * s p perimeter; s length of side
• Area: A s2 A area
Parallelograms
• Area: A b * h A area; b length of base; h height
Triangles
1
• Area: A 2 *b*h A area; b length of base; h height
Regular Polygons
• Perimeter: p n * s p perimeter; n number of sides;
s length of side
Circles
• Circumference: c * d, or c 2 * *r c circumference; d diameter; r radius
• Area: A 2
*r A area
Polygons
1
• Pick’s formula: A ( 2 * P) I 1 A area; P number of grid points on polygon;
I number of grid points in the interior
Polyhedrons
• Euler’s Formula: e ( f v) 2 e number of edges; f number of faces;
v number of vertices
Mobiles (1 rod, with 2 objects on
opposite sides of the fulcrum)
• When the fulcrum is at the center of the rod, W weight of one object
the mobile will balance if W * D w * d. D distance of this object from the fulcrum
w weight of the second object
d distance of second object from the fulcrum
• When the fulcrum is not at the center R weight of rod
of the rod, the mobile will balance if L distance from center of rod to fulcrum
(W * D) (R * L) w * d W weight of object on same side of
fulcrum as center
D distance of this object from the fulcrum
w weight of the second object
d distance of second object from the fulcrum
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Tables and Charts
Formulas Meaning of Variables
Rectangular Prisms
• Volume: V B * h, or V l * w * h V volume; B area of base;
• Surface area: l length; w width; h height
S 2 * ((l * w) (l * h) (w * h))
S surface area
The surface area formula is true only when all
of the faces of the prism are rectangles.
Cubes
• Volume: V e3 V volume; e length of edge
• Surface area: S 6 * e 2
S surface area
Cylinders
• Volume: V B * h, or V 2
*r *h V volume; B area of base; h height;
• Surface area: r radius of base
S (2 * * r 2) ((2 * ∗ r) * h)
S surface area
The surface area formula is true only when the
line through the centers of the circular bases
is perpendicular to the bases.
Pyramids
1
• Volume: V 3 *B*h V volume; B area of base; h height
Cones
1 1
• Volume: V 3 * B * h, or V 3 *
2
*r *h V volume; B area of base; h height;
r radius of base
Spheres
4
• Volume: V 3 * *r
3
V volume; r radius
• Surface area: S 4 * *r
2
S surface area
Temperatures
• Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion:
C 59 * (F 32°) C degrees Celsius; F degrees Fahrenheit
• Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion:
F ( 95 * C) 32°
Distances
• dr*t d distance traveled; r rate of speed;
t time of travel
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