‫ العاديّة‬0202 ‫دورة العـام‬ ‫اهتحانات الشهادة الثانىية العاهة‬ ‫وزارة التربية والتعلين العالي‬

0202 ‫ توىز‬02 ‫األربعاء‬ ‫فرع علىم الحياة‬ ‫الوديريّــة العاهة للتربية‬

‫دائرة االهتحانات الرسوية‬
:‫االسن‬ ‫هسابقة في هادة علىم الحياة‬
:‫الرقن‬ ‫ ساعتاى ونصف‬:‫الودة‬

Answer the following exercises.

Exercise 1 (4 points) Transmission of a Hereditary Character

Fructosemia is a disease caused by deficiency of aldolase B enzyme. The following pedigree in document 1
shows the transmission of this disease in a family.

1 2

3 4 5 6
?

Healthy woman Sick woman

Healthy man sick man
?
Fetus

Document 1

1. Indicate whether the allele responsible for the disease is dominant or recessive. Justify the answer.
2. Determine the chromosomal localization of the gene responsible for this disease.
3. Write the possible genotypes of each of the individuals 3 and 4.

Document 2 represents the results of the electrophoresis performed on the alleles of the studied gene
in individuals 3, 4 and the fetus.

Individual
3 4 Fetus
Allele
Normal ‫ــــــــــ ــــــــــ‬ ‫ــــــــــ‬
Mutant ‫ــــــــــ‬
Document 2

4. Specify, by referring to document 2:

4.1. the real genotype of each of individuals 3 and 4.
4.2. the phenotype of the fetus.
5. What advantage does this technique provide to the determination of the genotype of an individual?

1
Exercise 2 (4 points) Fructosemia

Congenital fructosemia is an intolerance to fructose, preventing the absorption of fructose and all sugars
containing fructose. It is due to a deficiency in aldolase B, an enzyme located in the liver, small intestine
and kidneys. Aldolase B enzyme is responsible for the cleavage of fructose -1- phosphate into two
molecules: DHAP and glyceraldehyde. Children affected by this disease show a dysfunction of the liver
and kidney weakness with abnormal high levels of sugar, amino acids and salts in the urine.

Document 1

1. Pick out from document 1:

1.1. the cause of fructosemia.
1.2. the consequences of this disease.
Allele Nucleotide sequence of the transcribed strand of DNA
Document 2 represents the partial
1↓ ↓24
sequence of the nucleotide of DNA in Normal
the normal and the mutant alleles of TTA CCT GAC CAT GGA TAA CAA CTT
the gene determining the synthesis of 1↓ ↓18
Mutant
the enzyme aldolase B.
TTA CCT GGA TAA CAA CTT
2. Compare these two sequences Document 2
(document 2).
3. Indicate the type of the revealed
mutation.
4. Write, referring to documents 2 and 3:
4.1. the mRNA that corresponds to
each allele.
4.2. the sequence of amino acids that
corresponds to each allele.

5. Explain how the modification of the

nucleotide sequence of the allele leads
to the appearance of fructosemia.

Document 3: Genetic Code

2
Exercise 3 (6 points) Synaptic Transmission

Nerve messages are transmitted along the

nerve fibers and across synapses. In the
framework of studying the synaptic
transmission of the nervous message, the
following experiments are performed.

Experiment 1: In a physiological medium

and using an experimental set up, four
effective stimuli of increasing intensities
(I1 <I2 <I3 <I4) are applied on a motor neuron
innervating a skeletal muscle.
Document 1
The concentration of Ca2+ in the presynaptic terminal bud as well as the amount of acetylcholine released
into the synaptic cleft are measured. The obtained results are represented in document 1.

1. List the steps of the transmission of the nervous

message at the level of the synapse.
2. Analyze the obtained results.
3. What can you conclude concerning the coding of the
nervous message revealed by document 1?
Experiment 2: Effective stimulations S1 and S2 Document 2
are applied separately on the presynaptic
neurons N1 and N2, document 2. The responses Recordings
Conditions
are recorded at the level of the postsynaptic O1 O2
neuron N3. Stimulation +30 mV AP +30 mV AP
S1
-70 mV -70 mV
The results are represented in document 3.
Stimulation
S2 -70mV
4. Indicate the nature of each of the synapses
N1-N3 and N2-N3. Justify the answer.
Document 3
Effective stimulations S1 and S2 are
simultaneously applied on the presynaptic
Recordings
neurons N1 and N2 respectively. The obtained Conditions
O1 O2
recordings are represented in document 4.
Stimulations
5. Explain the results obtained at the levels -68 mV
S1 + S2 -70 mV -70mV
of O1 and O2 in document 4.
Document 4

3
Exercise 4 (6 points) Uterus and Ovarian Hormones
The uterus, an organ of the female reproductive system, is made up of 3 layers: an external layer (serous
external), a muscle layer (myometrium) and an internal layer (endometrium). This endometrium undergoes
cyclic development controlled by the ovarian hormones.
In the framework of studying the effect of the ovarian hormones on the uterus, the following experiments are
performed.

Experiment 1: Estradiol of increasing quantities

is injected to lots of ovariectomized mice at
puberty. Document 1 shows the obtained results.

1. Name the ovarian structures that secrete

estradiol during female sexual cycle.
2. Draw a table that represents the variation of
the average mass of the uterus (mg) as a
function of the quantity of the injected Quantity of
estradiol (μg). Injected
estradiol (μg)
3.1. Analyze the obtained results.
3.2. What can you conclude? Document 1

Experiment 2: Estradiol and progesterone are injected to lots of ovariectomized mice at puberty. The
conditions and the results are represented in document 2.

Lots
Lot 1 Lot 2 Lot 3 Lot 4
Injections
Estradiol - + - +
Progesterone - - + +
(+): presence (-): absence
No thickening of Endometrial No thickening of the Endometrial
Results the endometrium. thickening. endometrium. thickening with
No uterine lace No uterine lace No uterine lace uterine lace
Document 2

4. Specify, referring to document 2:

4.1. the role of estradiol.
4.2. the role of progesterone.
5. Show that the action of progesterone on the endometrium of the uterus necessitates the presence of
estradiol.

4
 ‫امتحانات الشهادة الثانوية العامة‬ ‫وزارة التربية والتعليم العالي‬
‫ العاديّة‬2021 ‫دورة العـام‬ ‫فرع علوم الحياة‬ ‫المديريّــة العامة للتربية‬
‫دائرة االمتحانات الرسمية‬

:‫االسم‬ ‫مسابقة في مادة علوم الحياة‬

:‫الرقم‬ ‫اسس التصحيح‬

Exercice 1: Transmission of a Hereditary Character

Q. Note
Answer key
The fructosemia allele is recessive (1/4). Because, parents 1 and 2 of healthy phenotype
have affected children 5 and 6 (1/4). These children inherited the disease allele from at
1 least one of the parents. This parent has the morbid allele in the masked state. 1/2
Let N be the symbol of the Normal, dominant allele. Let m be the symbol of the allele
responsible for recessive fructosemia.
If the gene is localized on the non-homologous segment of Y chromosome, then none of
the female should be affected. This is not the case, since female 6 is an affected one.
Or father and son would be of the same phenotype because the boy inherits his Y from his
father.
Or, sons should have the same phenotypes as their fathers (they have inherited the Y
chromosome from their father). (1/4).
The affected male 5 would have as genotype X//Ym, he has inherited Ym from his father
who would have as genotype X//Ym. Possessing such genotype, the father should be
affected, which is not. (1/4).
2 If the gene is localized on the non-homologous segment of X chromosome, then the 1
affected female 6 would have as genotype Xm//Xm, she has inherited Xm from his father 2
who would have as genotype Xm//Y. Possessing such genotype, the father should be
affected, which is not. (1/4).
If the gene is localized on the homologous segments of X and Y chromosomes, then the
affected female 6 would have as genotype Xm//Xm , and similarly the affected male 5
would have as genotype Xm//Ym, female 6 has inherited Xm from her father while male 5
has inherited Ym from the same father. The father as such should have as genotype
Xm//Ym. Possessing such genotype, the father should be affected, which is not.
Thus the gene is not gonosomal, therefore autosomal. (1/4).
3 : N//m or N//m
3 1/2
4 : N//m or N//m
The electrophopregram of individual 3 shows a band that corresponds to the normal allele
and another that corresponds to the mutant allele (1/4). Consequently, the genotype of
4.1 individual 3 is N//m (1/4).. 1
The genotype of individual 4 is N//N (1/4) because he has one band that corresponds to the
normal allele (1/4).
The fetus has only the normal allele, so he has two copies of the allele N (1/4). He has a
4.2 1/2
normal phenotype (1/4).

5 The electrophoresis permits determining the real genotype of the individual. 1/2
 Exercise 2 Fructosemia
Q. Note
Answer Key
1.1 Deficiency of aldose B. 1/2
Children affected by this disease show a dysfunction of the liver and kidney weakness with
1.2 abnormal high levels of sugar, amino acids and salts in the urine. 1/2

The number of nucleotides in the mutated allele is smaller than in the normal allele 18 <24
(1/4)
Nucleotides 7,8,9,10,11 and 12 (or 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13) are absent in the mutated allele
2 3/4
(1/4). However, the remaining nucleotides are identical (1/4).
Or the first six nucleotides ( or the first seven nucleotides) are identical in both sequences
(1/4). However, the remaining nucleotides are different (1/4).
3 Mutation by deletion. 1/4
4.1 mRNA that corresponds to the normal allele:
AAU GGA CUG GUA CCU AUU GUU GAA
mRNA that corresponds to the mutant allele: 1/2
AAU GGA CCU AUU GUU GAA

4.2 The amino acid sequence

Asp - Gly - Leu - Val- Pro - Ile- Val –Glu.
Diseased mRNA
1/2
Amino acid sequences:
Asp - Gly - Pro - Ile - Val - Glu

The mutation by deletion in DNA was transcribed at the level of the mRNA by the absence
of codons which results in an absence of the two amino acids Leu and VaL. This new
5 amino acid sequence affects the three-dimensional form of the protein (Enzyme aldolase B) 1
which becomes non-functional. As this enzyme is responsible for the cleavage of fructose 1
phosphate, the change in its function is manifested by fructose intolerance.

+
 Exercise 3: Synaptic transmission
Q. Note
Answer key
- Arrival of an action potential to the presynaptic nerve ending.
- Opening of calcium channels and entrance of Ca2 + ions into the presynaptic
membrane.
- Liberation of neurotransmitters by exocytosis into the synaptic cleft. 1
1
- Fixation of neurotransmitters to postsynaptic receptors. 1/2
- Opening of chemo-dependent channels.
- Genesis of PSP in the postsynaptic element.
Recapture of neurotransmitters by the presynaptic neuron or its degradation.
As the intensity of the stimulation increases from I1 to I4, the concentration of Ca2 + in the
2 presynaptic element increases from 1 to 7, similarly, the amount of released acetylcholine 1
increases from 30 to 60 a.u.

The nerve message at the level of a synapse is coded by modulation in Ca2 + concentration
3 and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine concentration as a function of the intensity of the 1/2
stimulation.
The synapse N-N3 is excitatory, because following the application of S1, an AP is obtained
at the level of O1.
4 2
The synapse N2-N3 is inhibitory, because following the application of S2, a
hyperpolarization is obtained at the level of O1.
When S1 and S2 are applied simultaneously, an EPSP of amplitude +2mV less than
threshold is generated at the level of O1, but a RP at the level of O2.
In fact, the motor neuron plays an integrative role. It sums up algebraically the IPSP
5 produced at the level of the synapse N2N3 and the EPSP produced at the level of the 1
synapse N1N3. These PSPs are added (spatial summation), producing, thus, an EPSP of
amplitude +2mV. Since this amplitude is less than threshold of depolarization, it remains
incapable of generating a propagating AP at the level of N3 neuron.

Exercice 4: Uterus and Ovarian Hormones

Q. Note
Answer key
Estradiol is secreted by:
1 1
the follicle during the follicular phase and by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase.
The quantity of 0 0.005 0.01 0.1
the injected
estradiol (μg).
The average 10 20 40 100 1
2
mass of the 1/2
uterus (mg)
The variation of the average mass of the uterus (mg) as a function of the quantity of the
injected estradiol (μg).
3.1 The average mass of the uterus increases from 10 to 100 mg when the quantity of the
1
injected estradiol increases from 0 to 0.1 μg.
3.2 Thus, estradiol favors the development of the uterus. 1/2
Estradiol is responsible for the thickening of the endometrium because following its
4.1 1/2
injection (lot 2), thickening of the endometrium is observed.
Progesterone is responsible for the formation of the uterine lace because following its
4.2 injection with estradiol (lot 4), formation of the uterine lace and also thickening of the 1/2
endometrium are observed.
Since the injection of progesterone alone (lot 3) does not provoke the formation of uterine
5 lace whereas with estradiol (lot 4) provokes the formation of uterine lace, then the action of 1
progesterone on the endometrium necessitates the presence of estradiol.