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Percentile Classes
2D Geometry
Part 04
CONIC SECTION

SP/PM =Constant = e (eccentricity) always+ ve

d
(x, y)
P
M

Z
S X
(Diretrix) (Focus)

e = 1 → parabola
e < 1 → ellipse
e > 1 → hyperbola
e = 0 → circle
e = 2 → rectangular hyperbola
(ax + by + c) 2
SP = ePM, (x – )2 + (y – )2 = e2
a 2 + b2
where focus ( ,  ) , ax+ by + c = 0 is directrix
* Second degree terms form perfect square and the equation should contain at least one linear term.

* Condition ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represent

Find abc + 2fgh – af2 – bg2 –ch2 = 
(1) St. line  = (2) Curve   0
(a) Parabola   0, h2 = ab
(b) Ellipse   0, h2 < ab
(c) Hyperbola   0, h2 > ab ( sign of x2 and y2 is different)
(d) Rectangular Hyperbola   0, h2 > ab, a = b

PARABOLA

Y (x, y)
M P
L

Z A S N X

y2 = 4ax, LL' = 4a = 2SZ

Working rule
(1) Equate Coeff. of first degree term(R.H.S) i.e. x (y) = 4a and get a → it can be +ve or –ve
(2) Curve is symmetric about x–axis because power of y is even.
(3) Vertex (0, 0), S(0 + a , 0), Z(0 – a, 0)
Eq. of L.R. →Dom. = + a
Eq. of Direct. → Dom. = – a
Eq. of T Dom. = 0
Eq. of axis Dom. = 0
Focal Distance = Dom.+ a
(4) If Vertex of parabola is (h, k) & focus lies on lines || to x–axis i.e. y coordinate should be same then equation is
(y – k)2 =  4a (x– h) → Vertex (h, k) S(h + a, k) etc.
(5) Equation of parabola when focus and vertex have one co–ordinate common
(y – common y coordinate)2 = 4(S – A) (x – x-coordinate of vertex)
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(x – common x coordinate)2 = 4(S – A) (y – y-coordinate of vertex)

(6) Co–ordinate of a point if focal distance is given P [F.D. – a,  2 a( F. D.−a)
(7) If length of double ordinate is twice length of L.R. then line joining end point of double ordinate to vertex is 90
2
m + m 
(8) If y2 = 4ax & PQ is double ordinate then locus of point which divides PQ in ratio m1:m2 →  1 2 2
 y = 4ax
 1
m − m2
(9) Area of triangle inscribed in a parabola y2 = 4ax, when ordinate is given
Area of Triangle = 1 | (y1 – y2) (y2 – y3) (y3 – y1) |
8a
(10) (at12, 2at1) and (at22, 2at2) are end point of focal chord of parabola y2 = 4ax then t1t2 = –1

PARABOLA
1. The equation x2 + 4xy + y2 – x+ 3y +2 = 0 represents a parabola if  is

(a) – 4
(b) 4
(c) 0
(d) none of these

2. Equation of the parabola whose directrix is y = 2x – 9 and focus (–8, –2) is

(a) x2 + 4y2 + 4xy + 16x + 2y + 259 = 0

(b) x2 + 4y2 + 4xy + 116x + 2y + 259 = 0
(c) x2 + y2 + 4xy + 116x + 2y + 259 = 0
(d) None

3. The equation x2 + 4xy + y2 + 2x + 4y + 2 = 0 represents

(a) An ellipse
(b) A pair of straight lines
(b) A hyperbola
(d) None of these

4. The length of the latus rectum of the parabola 9x2 – 6x + 36y + 19 = 0 is

(a) 36
(b) 9
(c) 6
(d) 4

5. Vertex of the parabola y2 + 2y + x = 0 lies in the quadrant

(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Fourth

6. Vertex of the parabola 9x2 – 6x + 36y + 9 = 0 is

(a) (1/3, –2/9)

(b) (–1/3, –1/2)
(c) (–1/3, 1/2)
(d) (1/3, 1/2)

7. The equation of the latus rectum of the parabola x2 + 4x +2y = 0 is

(a) 2y + 3 = 0
(b) 3y = 2
(c) 2y = 3
(d) 3y + 2 = 0

8. The area of the triangle formed by the lines joining the vertex of the parabola x2 = 12y
to the ends of its latus rectum is

(a) 12 sq. units (b) 16 sq. units

(c) 18 sq. units (d) 24 sq. units
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9. If the vertex a parabola be at origin and directrix be x + 5 = 0, then its latus rectum is

(a) 5
(b) 10
(c) 20
(d) 40

10. The latus rectum of a parabola whose directrix is x + y – 2 = 0 and focus is (3, – 4) is
(a) – 3 2
(b) 3 2
3
(c) −
2
3
(d)
2

11. The equation of the parabola with (–3, 0) as focus and x + 5 = 0 as directrix, is

(a) x2 = 4 (y + 4)
(b) x2 = 4 (y – 4)
(c) y2 = 4 (x + 4)
(d) y2 = 4 (x – 4)

12. The equation of the lines joining the vertex of the parabola y2 = 6x to the points on
it whose abscissa is 24, is

(a) y  2x = 0
(b) 2y  x = 0
(c) x  2y = 0
(d) 2x  y = 0

13. The points on the parabola y2 = 36x whose focal distances 4, are

(a) (2, 3 ), (2, – 3 )

(b) (1, 2 3 ), (1, –2 3 )
(c) (1, 2)
(d) None of these

14. In the parabola y2 = 6x, the equation of the chord through vertex and negative
end of latus rectum, is

(a) y = 2x
(b) y + 2x = 0
(c) x = 2y
(d) x + 2y = 0

15. If (2, 0) is the vertex and y–axis the directrix of a parabola, then its focus is

(a) (2, 0)
(b) (–2, 0)
(c) (4, 0)
(d) (– 4, 0)

16. The axis of the parabola 9y2 –16x –12y– 57 = 0 is

(a) 3y = 2
(b) x + 3y = 3
(c) 2x = 3
(d) y=3

17. If (3, 3) and (–3, 3) are vertex and focus respectively of a parabola, then its equation is
(a) y2 – 6y + 24x = 63
(b) y2 + 6y + 24x = 63
(c) y2 – 6y – 24x = 63
(d) None
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18. The focus of the parabola x2 – 4x –8y – 4 = 0 is

(a) (0, 2)
(b) (2, 1)
(c) (1, 2)
(d) (–2, –1)

19. The extremities of the latus rectum of the parabola x2 + 8y = 0 are

(a) (– 4, –2), (4, 2)

(b) (4, –2),(– 4, 2)
(c) (– 4, –2), (4, –2)
(d) (4, 2), (– 4, 2)

20. The equation of the axis of the parabola whose focus is (0, 0) and directrix is 5x – 4y + 5, will be

(a) 5x – 4y = 0
(b) 4x + 5y = 0
(c) 4x – 5y = 0
(d) None of these

21. A ray of light moving parallel to the x-axis gets reflected from a parabolic mirror whose
equation is (y – 2)2 = 4(x + 1). After reflection, the ray must pass through the point

(a) (0, 2)
(b) (2, 0)
(c) (0, –2)
(d) (–1,2)

22. The equation of parabola is 25 {(x –2)2(y +5)2} = (3x + 4y –1)2 . For this parabola

(a) vertex = (2, –5)

(b) focus = (2, –5)
(c) directrix has the equation 3x + 4y –1= 0
(d) axis has the equation 3x + 4y –1 = 0

23. x – 2 = t2 , y = 2t are the parametric equation of the parabola

(a) y2 = 4x
(b) y2 = – 4x
(c) y2 = – 4y
(d) y2 = 4(x –2)

ANSWERS

1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. C 10. B 11. C 12. B

13. B 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. B 21. A 22. C 23. D
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ELLIPSE

y
B’(0,-b)
P(x,y)
M
x’ Z’
• • x
A’(-a,0) S’(-ae,0) C(0, 0) S(ae,0) N
A(a,0) Z

x = –a/e x = a/e
B’(0,- b)
y’
x2 y2
SP/PM = e, e < 1 +
= 1 ( a > b),
a 2 b2
b2 = a2(1 – e2)
Major axis AA’ = 2a,
focus lie on x–axis, Minor axis
BB' = 2b, A(a, 0) A'(–a, 0), B(0, b), B'(0, –b)
Focus S(ae, 0) S'(–ae, 0)
SS' = 2ae, CS = ae Length of L.R. LL' = 2b2/a
Eq. of L.R. → x =  ae ,
Directrix Z(a/e, 0), Z'(–a/e, 0) , ZZ' = 2a/e, CZ = a/e
Eq. of Directrix → x =  a/e
SP + SP' = 2a,
SP = a + ex, S’P = a – ex
Parametric Eq. → x = a cos, y = b sin,
C is mid point of AA', SS', ZZ' , BB’

HYPERBOLA
P’ y P
L1
M’ M
P(x, y)
L

N
x’ S’ A’ Z’ C Z A S x
(–ae,0) (–a, 0) (a, 0) (ae,0)
a
x'= - a
L2 e x'=
e L’
y’

SP/PM = e, e > 1
x2/a2 – y2/b2 = 1 ( a > b)
b2 = a2(e2 – 1) i.e. (+ve)2 = (–ve)2 (e2–1)
Transverse axis = AA' = 2a focus lies on tnv. axis conjugate axis BB' = 2b
Focus S(ae, 0), S'(–ae, 0) CS = ae SS ' = 2ae
Length of L.R. LL' = 2b2/a Eq. of L.R. → x =  ae,
Directrix Z(a/e, 0), Z'(–a/e, 0) ZZ' = 2a/e, CZ = a/e
Eq. of Directrix→ x =  a/e,
S'P–SP = 2a, SP= ex – a, S’P = ex + a
Conjugate Hyperbola
 x2 y2 
H’ =  −  = –1, 12 + 12 = 1
2 2
a b  e e'
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ELLIPSE
1. If the eccentricity of an ellipse be 5/8 and the distance between its foci be 10, then its latus
rectum is

39
(a)
4
(b) 12
(c) 15
37
(d)
2
2. If the foci and vertices of an ellipse be ( 1, 0) and ( 2, 0) then the minor axis of the ellipse is

(a) 2 5
(b) 2
(c) 4
(d) 2 3

3. The centre of the ellipse 4x2 +9y2 –16x –54y +61 = 0 is

(a) (1, 3)
(b) (2, 3)
(b) (3, 2)
(d) (3, 1)

2
4. The eccentricity of an ellipse is , latus rectum is 5 and centre is (0, 0). The equation the ellipse is
3
x2 y2
(a) + =1
81 45
4x 2 4 y 2
(b) + =1
81 45
x2 y2
(c) + =1
9 5
x2 y2
(d) + =5
81 45
x2 y2
5. The distance between the directrices of the ellipse + = 1 is
36 20

(a) 8
(b) 12
(c) 18
(d) 24

6. The equation of the ellipse whose vertices are ( 5, 0) and foci are ( 4, 0) is

(a) 9x2 + 25y2 = 225

(b) 25x2 + 9y2 = 225
(c) 3x2 + 4y2 = 192
(d) None of these

7. The length of the latus rectum of the ellipse 5x2 + 9y2 = 45 is

5
(a)
4
5
(b)
2
5
(c)
3
10
(d)
3
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8. The equation of the ellipse whose centre is (2, –3) and one of the foci is (3, –3) and
the corresponding vertex is (4, –3) is
( x − 2) 2 ( y + 3) 2
(a) + =1
3 4
( x − 2) 2 ( y + 3) 2
(b) + =1
4 3
x2 y2
(c) + =1
3 4
(d) None of these

9. If the centre, one of the foci and semi–major axis of an ellipse be (0, 0), (0, 3) and 5
then its equation is
x2 y2
(a) + =1
16 25
x2 y2
(b) + =1
25 16
x2 y2
(c) + =1
9 25
(d) None of these
( x + y − 2) 2 ( x − y ) 2
10. The centre of the ellipse + = 1, is
9 16
(a) (0, 0)
(b) (1, 1)
(c) (1, 0)
(d) (0, 1)

11. The foci of the ellipse 25(x+ 1)2 +9(y + 2)2 = 225 are at
(a) (–1, 2) and (– 1, – 6)
(b) (– 2, 1) and (– 2, 6)
(c) (–1,– 2) and (– 2,–1)
(d) (–1,– 2) and (–1,– 6)

x2 y2
12. For the ellipse + = 1, the eccentricity is
64 28
3
(a)
4
4
(b)
3
2
(c)
7
1
(d)
3
x2 y2
13. The equation − = 1 r > 1 represents
1− r 1+ r
(a) An ellipse
(b) A hyperbola
(c) A circle
(d) An imaginary ellipse

14. The radius of the circle having its centre at (0, 3) and passing through the foci of the ellipse
x2 y2
+ = 1, is
16 9
(a) 3 (b) 3.5
(c) 4 (d) 12

ANSWERS
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. A
12. A 13. D 14. C
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HYPERBOLA
1. The equation 13 [(x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2] = 3 (2x + 3y – 2)2 represents

(a) Parabola (b) Ellipse

(c) Hyperbola (d) none

2. The equation of the hyperbola whose directrix is x + 2y = 1, focus (2, 1) and eccentricity 2 will be

(a) x2 –16xy – 11y2 – 12x + 6y + 21 = 0

(b) 3x2 +16xy + 15y2 – 4x – 14y – 1 = 0
(c) x2 +16xy + 11y2 – 12x – 6y + 21 = 0
(d) none
x2 y2 y2 x2
3. If the eccentricities of the hyperbolas − = 1 and − = 1 be e and e1 then
a2 b2 b2 a2
1 1
+ =
e2 e12

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) none of these

4. If P is point on the hyperbola 16x2 – 9y2 = 144 whose foci are S1 and S2 then PS2,then PS1~ PS2 =

(a) 4
(b) 6
(c) 8
(d) 12

5. The eccentricity of a hyperbola passing through the point ( 3, 0) ,( 3 2 , 2) will be

(a) 13
13
(b)
3
13
(c)
4
13
(d)
2
x2 y2
6. The equation of the hyperbola whose foci are the foci of the ellipse + = 1 and the
25 9
eccentricity is 2, is

x2 y2
(a) + =1
4 12
x2 y2
(b) − =1
4 12
x2 y2
(c) + =1
12 4
x2 y2
(d) − =1
12 4

x 2 ( y − 2) 2
7. Foci of the hyperbola − = 1 are
16 9

(a) (5, 2)(–5, 2)

(b) (5, 2)(5,–2)
(c) (5, 2)(–5, –2)
(d) none of these
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8. If (4, 0) and (–4, 0) be the vertices and (6, 0) and (–6, 0) be the foci of a hyperbola,
then its eccentricity is

5
(a)
2
3
(b)
2
(c) 2
(d) 2

9. If (0,  4) and (0,  2) be the foci and vertices of a hyperbola then its equation is

x2 y2
(a) − =1
4 12
x2 y2
(b) − =1
12 4
y2 x2
(c) − =1
4 12
y2 x2
(d) − =1
12 4

10. A hyperbola passes through the points (3, 2) and (–17, 12) and has its centre at origin and
transverse axis is along x–axis. The length of its transverse axis is

(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) none of these

11. If 5x2 + y2 = 20 represents a rectangular hyperbola, then  equals

(a) 5
(b) 4
(c) –5
(d) none of these

x y x y 1
12. The locus of the point of intersection of the lines + = m and − = ,
a b a b m
where m is a parameter, is always

(a) A circle
(b) A parabola
(c) An ellipse
(d) A hyperbola

ANSWERS

1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. D

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EXERCISE – 4
1. The points on the parabola y 2 = 12 x whose focal distance is 4, are
(a) (2, 3), (2, − 3) (b) (1, 2 3), (1, −2 3)
(c) (1, 2) (d) None of these
2. The co-ordinates of the extremities of the latus rectum of the parabola 5 y 2 = 4 x are
(a) (1/ 5, 2 / 5), (−1/ 5, 2 / 5) (b) (1/ 5, 2 / 5), (1/ 5, − 2 / 5)
(c) (1/ 5, 4 / 5), (1/ 5, − 4 / 5) (d) None of these
3. Focus and directrix of the parabola x 2 = −8ay are

(a) (0, − 2a) and y = 2a (b) (0, 2a) and y = −2a

(c) (2a, 0) and x = −2a (d) (−2a, 0) and x = 2a
4. The equation of latus rectum of a parabola is x + y = 8 and the equation of the tangent at the vertex is
x + y = 12 , then length of the latus rectum is
(a) 4 2 (b) 2 2
(c) 8 (d) 8 2
5. The equation of the latus rectum of the parabola x 2 + 4 x + 2 y = 0 is
(a) 2 y + 3 = 0 (b) 3 y = 2
(c) 2 y = 3 (d) 3 y + 2 = 0
6. Axis of the parabola x 2 − 4 x − 3 y + 10 = 0 is
(a) y + 2 = 0 (b) x + 2 = 0
(c) y − 2 = 0 (d) x − 2 = 0
7. Vertex of the parabola x 2 + 4 x + 2 y − 7 = 0 is
(a) (–2, 11/2) (b) (–2, 2)
(c) (–2, 11) (d) (2, 11)
8. The latus rectum of the parabola y 2 = 5 x + 4 y + 1 is
5
(a) (b) 10
4
5
(c) 5 (d)
2
9. The vertex of the parabola 3 x − 2 y 2 − 4 y + 7 = 0 is
(a) (3, 1) (b) (–3, –1)
(c) (–3, 1) (d) None of these
10. If x 2 + 6 x + 20 y − 51 = 0 , then axis of parabola is
(a) x + 3 = 0 (b) x − 3 = 0
(c) x = 1 (d) x + 1 = 0
11. The equations of the directrices of the ellipse 16 x 2 + 25 y 2 = 400 are
(a) 2 x = 25 (b) 5x = 9
(c) 3x = 10 (d) None of these
12. The distance between the foci of the ellipse 3 x 2 + 4 y 2 = 48 is
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) 8
1
13. The equation of the ellipse whose latus rectum is 8 and whose eccentricity is , referred to the principal axes
2
of coordinates, is
x2 y 2 x2 y 2
(a) + =1 (b) + =1
18 32 8 9
x2 y 2 x2 y 2
(c) + =1 (d) + =1
64 32 16 24
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14. Eccentricity of the ellipse whose latus rectum is equal to the distance between two focus points, is
5 +1 5 −1
(a) (b)
2 2

5 3
(c) (d)
2 2
15. The equation of the ellipse whose one focus is at (4, 0) and whose eccentricity is 4/5, is
x2 y 2 x2 y 2
(a) 2 + 2 = 1 (b) 2 + 2 = 1
3 5 5 3
2
x y2 x 2
y2
(c) 2 + 2 = 1 (d) 2 + 2 = 1
5 4 4 5
16. If the latus rectum of an hyperbola be 8 and eccentricity be 3 / 5 , then the equation of the hyperbola is
(a) 4 x 2 − 5 y 2 = 100 (b) 5 x 2 − 4 y 2 = 100
(c) 4 x 2 + 5 y 2 = 100 (d) 5 x 2 + 4 y 2 = 100
17. The eccentricity of a hyperbola passing through the points (3, 0), (3 2, 2) will be
13
(a) 13 (b)
3
13 13
(c) (d)
4 2
18. The eccentricity of the conic x − 4 y 2 = 1 , is
2

2 3
(a) (b)
3 2
2 5
(c) (d)
5 2
19. The latus rectum of the hyperbola 9 x 2 − 16 y 2 + 72 x − 32 y − 16 = 0 is
9 9
(a) (b) −
2 2
32 32
(c) (d) −
3 3
20. The distance between the directrices of the hyperbola x = 8sec , y = 8tan  is
(a) 16 2 (b) 2
(c) 8 2 (d) 4 2

SOLUTION - 4
1. (b) a = 3  abscissa is 4 − 3 = 1 and y 2 = 12, y = 2 3 .
Hence points are (1, 2 3), (1, −2 3) .
1 1 1  4 2
2. (b) y 2 = 4. x; a = . Focus is  , 0  and co-ordinates of latus rectum are y 2 =  y=
5 5 5  25 5
1 2
or end points of latus rectum are  ,   .
5 5
3. (a) Given equation is x 2 = −8 ay. Here A = 2a
Focus of parabola (0, − A) i.e. (0, – 2a)
Directrix y = A i.e., y = 2a.
−8 −12 4
4. (d) Clearly; a = − =
1+1 1+1 2
4
Length of latus rectum = 4a = 4  =8 2.
2
 Page 12 of 13

5. (c) ( x + 2) 2 = −2( y − 2)
1 3
Equation of latus rectum is y − 2 = −  y= .
2 2
6. (d) The parabola is ( x − 2) 2 = (3 y − 6) . Hence axis is x − 2 = 0 .
 11 
7. (a) ( x + 2) 2 = −2 y + 7 + 4  ( x + 2) 2 = −2  y − 
 2
 11 
Hence vertex is  −2, .
 2
8. (c) y 2 − 4 y + 4 = 5 x + 5  ( y − 2) 2 = 5( x + 1)
Obviously, latus rectum is 5.

9. (b) Given equation can be written as,

3
( y + 1)2 = ( x + 3). So, vertex is (−3, −1) .
2
10. (a) Given equation of parabola is x 2 + 6 x + 20 y − 51 = 0
 x 2 + 6 x = −20 y + 51
 ( x + 3) 2 = −20 y + 60  ( x + 3) 2 = −20( y − 3)
 ( x + 3) 2 = −4.5( y − 3)
 Axis of parabola is x + 3 = 0 .
x2 y 2 16 3
11. (d) + =1  e = 1− =
25 16 25 5
5
Therefore, directrices are x  = 0 or 3x  25 = 0 .
3/5
x2 y2
12. (b) + =1
(48 / 3) (48 / 4)
b2 1
a = 16, b = 12  e = 1 − 2 =
2 2

a 2
1
Distance is 2ae = 2  4  = 4 .
2
2
2b 1
13. (c) = 8, e =  a 2 = 64, b 2 = 32
a 2
x2 y 2
Hence required equation of ellipse is + = 1.
64 32
2b 2 b2
14. (b) = 2ae  b2 = a 2 e or e = 2
a a
b2
Also e = 1 − 2
or e2 = 1 − e or e2 + e − 1 = 0
a
−1  5 5 −1
Therefore e = . As e  1,  e = .
2 2

4
15. (b) Here ae = 4 and e = a=5
5
 16 
Now b2 = a 2 (1 − e2 )  b2 = 25 1 − =9
 25 
x2 y2
Hence equation of the ellipse is + = 1.
25 9
2b 2 3 b2 4 b2
16. (a) = 8 and = 1 + 2 or = 2
a 5 a 5 a
 a = 5, b = 2 5 .
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x2 y2
Hence the required equation of hyperbola is − = 1  4 x 2 − 5 y 2 = 100 .
25 20
9 18 4
17. (b) 2
= 1  a = 3 and 2 − 2 = 1  b2 = 4
a a b
4 13
Therefore, e = 1 + = .
9 3
x2 y2
18. (d) Given conic is − =1
(1)2  1 2
 
2
1 5
 b 2 = a 2 (e 2 − 1)  + 1 = e2  e = .
4 2
19. (a) Given equation of hyperbola is,
9 x 2 − 16 y 2 + 72 x − 32 y − 16 = 0
 9 ( x 2 + 8 x) − 16 ( y 2 + 2 y ) − 16 = 0
 9 ( x + 4) 2 − 16( y + 1) 2 = 144
( x + 4)2 ( y + 1) 2
 − =1
16 9
2b 2 9 9
Therefore, latus rectum = = 2 = .
a 4 2
20. (c) Equation of hyperbola is
x y
x = 8sec , y = 8tan   = sec , = tan 
8 8
2 2
x y
sec 2  − tan 2  = 1  2 − 2 = 1 .
8 8
Here, a = 8, b = 8

b2 82
Now, e = 1 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 1 + 1  e = 2
a 8
2a 2  8
 Distance between directrices = = = 8 2.
e 2