CVP ANALYSIS EXERCISE

1. Cox and Kings travel agency specializes in flight between India and Malaysia. It books
passengers on Malaysian Air. Cox and Kings fixed costs are Rs.10,00,000 per month. Malaysian
Air charges a passenger Rs.20,000 per round trip ticket.
Calculate the number of tickets Cox and Kings must sell each month to (a) Breakeven and (b)
make a target operating income of Rs.4,00,000 per month in each of the following independent
cases.
(i) Cox and king variable costs are Rs.400 per ticket. Malaysian Air pays Cox and Kings
10% commission on ticket price
(ii) Cox and Kings variable costs are Rs.200 per ticket. Malaysian Air pays Cox and Kings
10% commission on ticket price.
(iii) Cox and Kings variable costs are Rs.200 per ticket. Malaysian Air pays Rs.500 fixed
commission per ticket to Cox and kings. Comment on the results.
(iv) Cox and Kings variable costs are Rs.200 per ticket. It receives Rs.500 commission per
ticket from Malaysian Air. It charges its customer a delivery fee of Rs.50 per ticket.
Comment on the results.

2. Borosil Ltd., a manufacturer of quality bowls, has steady growth in sales for the past four years.
However, increasing competition has led Mr. Aashish, the president, to believe that an aggressive
market campaign will be necessary next year to maintain the company’s present growth. To
prepare for the next year’s marketing campaign, the company’s controller has prepared and
presented Mr. Aashish with the following data for the current year

Variable Cost (per Bowl)

Direct Material 6.50
Direct Manufacturing Labour 16.00
Variable Overhead (manufacturing, marketing, distribution and customer service 5.00
27.50
Fixed Costs
Manufacturing 50,000
Marketing, Distribution and Customer Service 2,20,000
Total fixed Costs 2,70,000
Selling Price Rs.50
Expected Sales, 20000 units
Income Tax Rate 40%

Required
(i) What is the projected net income for the current year
(ii) What is the breakeven point in units for the current year
(iii) Mr. Aashish has set the revenue target for the next year at level of Rs.11,00,000 (or
22,000 bowls). He believes an additional marketing costs of Rs.22,500 for advertising in
the next year, with all other costs remaining constant will be necessary to attain the
revenue target. What will be the net income for the next year if an additional Rs.22,500 is
spent and the revenue target is met
(iv) What will be the breakeven point in revenues for the next year if an additional Rs.22,500
is spent for advertising
(v) If the additional Rs.22,500 is spent, what are required next year revenues for net income
to equal current year’s net income
(vi) At a sales level of 22,000 units what maximum amount can be spent on advertising if net
income of Rs.1,20,000 is desired, next year?
3. Tata Power produces the same power take off units in two plants, a new plant in Orissa and an
older plant in Delhi. The Tata Power is expected to produce and sell 1,92,000 power takeoff
during the coming year. The following data are available for the two plants.
Orissa Delhi
Selling Price 15000 15000
Variable Manufacturing cost per unit 7,200 8,800
Fixed manufacturing cost per unit 3,000 1,500
Variable marketing and distribution cost p.u. 1,400 1,400
Fixed marketing and distribution cost p.u. 1,900 1,450
Total Cost per unit 13,500 13,150
Operating income per unit 1,500 1,850
Production rate per day 400 units 320 units
All fixed costs per units are calculated based on normal year consisting of 240 working days.
When the number of working days exceeds 240, variable manufacturing costs increase by Rs.300
per unit in Orissa and Rs.800 per unit in Delhi. Capacity for each plant is 300 working days per
year.

Wishing to take advantage of the higher operating income per unit at Delhi, Tata Power’s
manager has decided to manufacture 96,000 units at each plant. This production plan results in
Delhi operating at capacity (320 units per day * 300 days) and Orissa Operating at its normal
volume (400 units per day * 240 days)

Calculate
(i) Calculate the BEP in units for both the plants
(ii) Calculate the operating income that would result from the production manager’s plant to
produce 96,000 units at each plant
(iii) Determine how the production of the 1,92,000 units should be allocated between Orissa
and Delhi plants to maximize operating income for Tata Power. Show your calculations.

4. Trans Western Airlines is considering a proposal to initiate air service between Phoenix, Arizona,
and Las Vegas, Nevada. The route would be designed primarily to serve the recreation and
tourist travelers who frequently travel between the two cities. By offering low-cost tourist fares,
the airline hopes to persuade persons who now travel by other modes of transportation to switch
and fly Trans Western on this route.

In addition, the airline expects to attract business travelers during the hours of 7 A.M. to 6 P.M.
on Mondays through Fridays. The fare price schedule, or tariff, would be designed to charge a
higher fare during business-travel hours so that tourist demand would be reduced during those
hours. The company believes that a business fare of $100 one way during business hours and a
fare of $60 for all other hours would equalize the passenger load during business-travel and
tourist-travel hours.

To operate the route, the airline would need two 200-passenger jet aircraft. The aircraft would be
leased at an annual cost of $10,000,000 each. Other committed costs for ground service would
amount to $5,000,000 per year.

Operation of each aircraft requires a flight crew whose salaries are based primarily on the hours
of flying time. The costs of the flight crew are approximately $800 per hour of flying time.
 Fuel costs are also a function of flying time. These costs are estimated at $1,000 per hours of
flying time. Flying time between Phoenix and Las Vegas is estimated at 45 minutes each way.
The flexible costs associated with processing each passenger amount to $5. This amount includes
ticket processing , agent commission, and baggage handling. Food and beverage service cost $10
per passenger and will be offered at no charge on flights during business hours. The airline
expects to recover the cost of this service on non-business-hour flights through charges levied for
alcoholic beverages.

(1) If six business flights and four tourist flights are offered each way every weekday, and 12
tourist flights are offered each way every Saturday and Sunday, what is the average number
of passengers that must be carried on each flight to break even?

(2) What is the breakeven load factor (percentage of available seats occupied) on a route?

(3) If Trans Western Airlines operates the Phoenix-Las Vegas route, its aircraft on that route will
be idle between midnight and 6 A.M. The airline is considering offering a “Red Die” special,
which would leave Phoenix daily at midnight and return by 6 A.M. The marketing division
estimates that if the fare were no more than $40, the load factor would be 50% for each Red
Die flight. Operating costs would be the same for this flight, but advertising costs of $10,000
per week would be required for promotion of the service. No food or beverage costs would
be borne by the company. Management wants to know the minimum fare that would be
required to break even on the Red Die special, assuming that the marketing division’s
passenger estimates are correct.

5. Solve

6. Solve