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Threads With Ucontext - Implementation BEST ONE

The document discusses implementing threads using ucontext instead of pthreads. It provides a simplified example of creating two threads that each print a message in a loop. The my_pthread_yield function switches between the threads to allow cooperative multithreading. The example lacks many features of a full thread library.

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Alfred Yim
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© © All Rights Reserved
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47 views

Threads With Ucontext - Implementation BEST ONE

The document discusses implementing threads using ucontext instead of pthreads. It provides a simplified example of creating two threads that each print a message in a loop. The my_pthread_yield function switches between the threads to allow cooperative multithreading. The example lacks many features of a full thread library.

Uploaded by

Alfred Yim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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11/17/23, 12:37 PM Threads with ucontext: Implementation

void thread1(void* arg) {


for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("Thread 1: Iteration %d\n", i);
my_pthread_yield();
}
}

void thread2(void* arg) {


for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("Thread 2: Iteration %d\n", i);
my_pthread_yield();
}
}

In this example, we create a my_pthread_create function that creates two threads running thread1 and thread2. The
my_pthread_yield function switches between these threads, giving them a chance to execute cooperatively.

Please note that this is a simplified example for educational purposes and lacks many features of a full-featured thread library like
pthread. Real-world thread libraries involve more complex features, thread management, synchronization primitives, and error
handling.

------------------

You:

Could you implement everything pthreads has, using only ucontext?

------------------

ChatGPT:

Implementing a full-featured thread library equivalent to pthreads using only ucontext would be a complex and non-trivial task,
and the resulting implementation might not be as efficient, portable, or robust as a dedicated thread library. Nevertheless, I can
provide a simple example that incorporates basic thread creation, joining, and mutex synchronization using ucontext. Note that
this example is meant for educational purposes and lacks many features and optimizations found in a complete thread library.

c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ucontext.h>

#define STACK_SIZE 16384

// Thread status constants


#define THREAD_READY 0
#define THREAD_RUNNING 1
#define THREAD_EXITED 2

typedef struct {
ucontext_t context;
void (*function)(void*);
void* arg;
int status;
ucontext_t* joiner_context;
int result;
} MyThread;

typedef struct {
MyThread* thread;
int locked;

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11/17/23, 12:37 PM Threads with ucontext: Implementation
} MyMutex;

MyThread threads[10];
MyMutex mutex;

void my_thread_function(void* arg) {


MyThread* self = (MyThread*)arg;
self->function(self->arg);
self->status = THREAD_EXITED;

if (self->joiner_context != NULL) {
setcontext(self->joiner_context);
}

while (1) {
// Terminate the thread
yield();
}
}

void my_thread_create(MyThread* thread, void (*function)(void*), void* arg) {


getcontext(&thread->context);
thread->context.uc_stack.ss_sp = malloc(STACK_SIZE);
thread->context.uc_stack.ss_size = STACK_SIZE;
thread->function = function;
thread->arg = arg;
thread->status = THREAD_READY;
thread->joiner_context = NULL;
makecontext(&thread->context, my_thread_function, 1, (void*)thread);
}

void my_thread_join(MyThread* thread, int* result) {


if (thread->status != THREAD_EXITED) {
thread->joiner_context = &threads[0].context; // Assuming the main thread
yield();
}
*result = thread->result;
}

void my_thread_exit(int result) {


threads[current_thread].result = result;
threads[current_thread].status = THREAD_EXITED;
yield();
}

void my_mutex_init(MyMutex* mutex) {


mutex->thread = NULL;
mutex->locked = 0;
}

void my_mutex_lock(MyMutex* mutex) {


if (mutex->locked && mutex->thread != &threads[current_thread]) {
threads[current_thread].status = THREAD_RUNNING;
yield();
}
mutex->thread = &threads[current_thread];
mutex->locked = 1;
}

void my_mutex_unlock(MyMutex* mutex) {


if (mutex->locked && mutex->thread == &threads[current_thread]) {
mutex->locked = 0;
threads[current_thread].status = THREAD_RUNNING;
yield();
}

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11/17/23, 12:37 PM Threads with ucontext: Implementation
}

// Function to simulate a simple thread scheduler


void yield() {
int next_thread = (current_thread + 1) % 10;
while (threads[next_thread].status != THREAD_READY && threads[next_thread].status != THREAD_EXITED) {
next_thread = (next_thread + 1) % 10;
}
if (threads[current_thread].status != THREAD_EXITED) {
threads[current_thread].status = THREAD_READY;
current_thread = next_thread;
threads[current_thread].status = THREAD_RUNNING;
swapcontext(&threads[current_thread - 1].context, &threads[current_thread].context);
}
}

// Example thread functions


void thread_func(void* arg) {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
printf("Thread %d: %d\n", current_thread, i);
yield();
}
my_thread_exit(i);
}

int main() {
int i, result;
my_mutex_init(&mutex);

for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {


my_thread_create(&threads[i], thread_func, NULL);
}

// Main thread acts as the scheduler


for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
my_thread_join(&threads[i], &result);
printf("Thread %d exited with result %d\n", i, result);
}

return 0;
}

In this example, I've added basic thread creation (my_thread_create), joining (my_thread_join), and a simple mutex
(my_mutex_lock and my_mutex_unlock). The yield function simulates a simple thread scheduler, allowing threads to take turns
executing. This example does not include many features found in a complete thread library, and it may lack efficiency, portability,
and robustness.

Please note that implementing a full-featured thread library requires a deep understanding of operating systems, synchronization,
and low-level details, and it would be impractical to cover all aspects in a single example. For production use, it is recommended to
rely on established thread libraries like pthread that are well-tested and optimized for various platforms.

------------------

You:

Thank you, could you explain the my_thread_create function?

------------------

ChatGPT:

https://chat.openai.com/c/bc6a29c7-554f-42dc-b370-a45e65f6b415 6/9

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