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Unit 1 Inlets

This document provides information about propulsion-1, specifically about aircraft engine inlets. It discusses the two main types of inlets - subsonic inlets and supersonic inlets. For subsonic inlets, it describes how they reduce flow Mach number and can use external diffusion or acceleration. It also discusses flow patterns in subsonic inlets. For supersonic inlets, it explains how they further reduce Mach number through shocks from forms inside or outside the inlet.

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Aditya kumar Gupta
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9 views

Unit 1 Inlets

This document provides information about propulsion-1, specifically about aircraft engine inlets. It discusses the two main types of inlets - subsonic inlets and supersonic inlets. For subsonic inlets, it describes how they reduce flow Mach number and can use external diffusion or acceleration. It also discusses flow patterns in subsonic inlets. For supersonic inlets, it explains how they further reduce Mach number through shocks from forms inside or outside the inlet.

Uploaded by

Aditya kumar Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF

ENGINEERING

Bachelor of Engineering (Aerospace Engineering)

DISCOVER . LEARN .
PROPULSION-I EMPOWER
21AST-213
Academic Session : Feb 2022
Semester : 4
Mr. Amit Kumar
Faculty of Aerospace
Department,
Chandigarh University
[email protected]
Inlets
• Air intakes in aircraft engines are flow passages where static
pressure rises by reducing the velocity of the flow.
• In air intake the air flow is subjected to adverse pressure gradient.
• Hence flow separation problems ,pressure loss ,shocks etc are
seen effect which are responsible for flow losses.

• There are of two types:


• Subsonic inlets
• Supersonic inlets
Subsonic inlets

• Subsonic inlet reduces the flow Mach number 0.8-0.9 to 0.3-0.5.


• In these inlet stagnation pressure loss is caused by flow separation or
wall friction.
• The objective of these inlet is to give uniform exit velocity suitable for
compressor.

• For high speed subsonic flow with low mass flow rate an external
diffusion occurs just before the inlet of the air intake and then further
diffusion occur inside the intake.
Subsonic inlets(Cont..)

• This external diffusion reduces the load of the air intake to reduce the
further velocity of the flow.

• For low speed subsonic flow with high mass flow rate an external
acceleration occurs just before the inlet of the air intake and then
diffusion occur inside the intake.

• This external acceleration increases the load of the air intake to reduce
the velocity of the flow.
• These intakes are used infront of turbofan engines.
Flow patterns in subsonic inlets
Flow patterns in subsonic inlets
Subsonic inlets(Cont..)

• The capture area is higher than intake area for low speed flow.

• The capture area exact match the area of intake i.e. correct mass flow.

• The capture area area lower than the intake area for high speed flow but
subsonic.
Supersonic inlets
• Supersonic inlet reduces theflow Mach number from 1.5-1.25--0.4-0.6.

• In these inlets stagnation pressure loss is caused by flow separation or


wall friction as well as majorly by shocks from form infront or inside
that.(fig1)
• The objective of these inlet is to give uniform exit velocity suitable for
compressor.

• These intakes are used infront of turbojet engines of military aircrafts or


ramjet engines ofmissiles flying at supersonic speeds.
Supersonic inlets(Cont..)
• Intakes with normal shock are not satisfactory due to large pressure
losses hence the diffusion is achieved by creating series of oblique
shocks through the spike in the centre of duct.

• This spike can be axisymmetric cone or wedge angle shaped body, which
is positioned axially ahead of the inlet.

• The flow following these oblique shocks may be low supersonic still, but
with the help of very weak normal shock we introduce it to subsonic
flow.(fig2)
THANK YOU

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