Mustafa 2017
Mustafa 2017
Abstract- The main goal of this project is to design a very Global wanning can be shown through some of the natural
precise solar tracker. The project is divided into two parts; phenomenon around the globe like the severe weather
hardware and software. Hardware part generally composed of conditions. Solar energy is the energy derived from the sun
solar panel, two-DC motors with gearbox, LDR sensor module in the form of solar irradiation. Solar energy is the most
and electronic circuit. Software part represents the thinking inexhaustible, renewable source of energy known to
behavior of the system, that is how the system acting under
several weather conditions. In this work sensing of the sun
humanity. In order to increase the efficiency of solar energy
position carried out in two stages primary and secondary. systems, solar tracker is added at the expense of system's
Primary stage or indirect sensing performed via sun-earth complexity and cost. The two basic categories of trackers are
relationship as a coarse adjustment and second stage or direct single axis and dual axis. Single axis tracker has one axis of
sensing performed via set of LDR sensors as output tuning to freedom, vertical or horizontal. Dual axis tracker has both a
trims the azimuth and altitude angles. If the weather is cloudy vertical and a horizontal axis of freedom, so it able to track
or dusty, the tracking system uses primary stage or sun-earth the position of the sun precisely.
geometrical relationships only to identify the location of the A prototype of the automatic two-axis solar tracking system
sun; so the system tracks the position of the sun regardless the with a new design of sun-position tracker mechanism and
weather condition. The energy extracted from photovoltaic
(PV) or any solar collector depends on solar irradiance. For
wireless supervisory is designed in this paper. The solar
maximum extraction of energy from the sun, the solar collector tracker mechanism is composed of Arduino UNO controller,
panel should always be normal to the incident radiation Solar DC motors, gear box, LDR sensor module, angle sensor,
trackers moves the solar collector to follow the sun path and timing circuit, Bluetooth module and motor driving circuit.
keeps the orientation of the solar collector at an optimal tilt Arduino UNO sends command to DC motors to specity
angle. Solar tracking system improves substantially the energy elevation and azimuth angles of solar panel in which to
efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panel. In this paper, an maintain the panel always nonnal to sun light. Two angle
automatic dual axis solar tracking system is designed and sensors are used to measure the physical angles on both
developed using Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and DC outlet shafts of azimuth and elevation to make sure the
motors on a mechanical structure with gear arrangement. Two-
axis solar tracking (azimuth angle as well as altitude angle) is
desired angles are reached. Set of four LDR light sensor are
implemented through Arduino UNO controller based on Sun- used to trim the errors of altitude and azimuth angles. The
Earth Geometry. The results indicated that the automatic solar parameters of the tracking system are monitored remotely on
tracking system is more reliable and efficient than fixed one. the supervisor and control computer program through
Bluetooth module. As a result of experiments the power
Keywords- Arduino UNO; LDR; Photovoltaic (PV) panel; Dual- generated by the proposed tracking system is increased in
Axis Solar Tracking System; Azimuth angle; Elevation angle. the overall of about 10% ~ 40% more than fixed angle
system in general.
1. INTRODUCTION
At the present time, climate change on the world is at a II. SOLAR TRACKING STRATEGY
delicate level. Climate change can be divided into two
classes, human and natural causes. Natural causes of climate To track the position of the sun quickly, the Arduino UNO
changes are ocean current, solar variations and earth orbital controller should firstly calculate the theoretical through
changes. The major part of climate changes caused by following equations:
human is man-made greenhouse gases emission. Altitude ~ m.: fF..>i' -m:. ~(l)
Azimuth ~ e [{i.JJ'.ii' e i1.F.. ~ a:u(2)
978-1-5090-6751-0/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE wher: Declination angle : Local latitude : Hour angle
Figure2:System design block diagram
Computer System
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Figure 4: Mechanical structure ofthe tracking system Figure 6:Azimuth-altitude relationship for the tracking system
- _1- _ _ - Azimuth
v. CONCLUSIONS
Solar tracking mechanisms improve the energy gain of solar
power plants. A dual-axis tracking system is generally the
one that reaches the highest energy gain in every region. It is
therefore the most versatile system, since it can be installed
anywhere, guaranteeing a high energy gain. Solar trackers
are recommended everywhere from an energetic point of
view, since they always increase the amount of collected
energy. Two degrees of freedom orientation is feasible.
Arduino Uno controller is used to control the position of DC
motors which ensures point to point intermittent motion
resulting from the DC geared motors.Altitude angle is
restricted between 0' to 8 r and azimuth angle is restricted
between 60' to 300' in Baghdad.Standalone working and
wireless communication is achieved with computer which
makes the system reliable and observable. The use of LDR
sensors and high precision angle sensors guarantees a more
accurate and efficient tracking system.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERANCES