System and Network administration

Prepared by: Kassahun A.

[email protected]
 Outline
 Introduction

 System and Network administration

 Duties of system and network administration

 Network Operating Systems:

 Unix-like Systems Vs Windows Systems

 Linux Distributions and UIs

 Linux operation overview

 File system
 Chapter objective
At the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:
Learn the foundation of network and system administration

 Know the scope, duties and responsibilities of network and

system administrator
Know the network operation system that support system
administration
Distinguish the support of each network operating system
 Introduction
 Networking is the technology of interconnecting computing devices of all
types so information can flow between them.
 Systems administration is the design, installation, configuration,
operation, and support of these servers.
 Networking professionals must be knowledgeable in considering when to
use physical or virtual servers, when to use a public or private cloud, and
other key performance, reliability, and security issues.
 What is network administration?
 network administration and system administration exist separately;

However, are used both variously and inconsistently by industry and

academics.

 Is the management of network infrastructure devices (routers and

switches)

 involves a wide array of operational tasks that help a network to run

smoothly and efficiently.

 Without network administration, it would be difficult for all but the

smallest networks to maintain network operations.

 The main tasks associated with network administration include:

 Design, installation and evaluation of the network

 Execution and administration of regular backups

 Creation of precise technical documentation, such as network

diagrams,
 Provision for troubleshooting assistance

 Administration of network security, including intrusion detection

 Provision for precise authentication to access network resources

 What is system administration ?
 Is a branch of engineering mainly concerned with
the operational management of human-computer
systems
 An organized collaboration between humans and
computers to solve a problem or provide a service
 Is the term used traditionally by mainframe and
Unix engineers to describe the management of
computers whether they are coupled by a network
or not
 What is the Key Role of Network and System
Administration?
It is to build hardware configuration and to configure software
systems
 Network and System Administrators
 Network Administrator: a person who responsible to admin,

manage and maintain the network design, configuration and

infrastructure development

 System Administrator: a person who responsible to admin

users, maintaining system, create file systems, install software

and other related issues
 Responsibilities of the Network Administrator

As a network administrator, your tasks generally will fall into

four areas:

Designing and planning the network

 Setting up the network

 Maintaining the network

Expanding the network

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 A system administrator's responsibilities
 User Administration (Setup and Maintaining Account)

Maintaining System

 Verify that Peripherals are Working Properly

 Quickly Arrange Repair for Hardware in occasion of Hardware

Failure

 Monitor System Performance

 Create File Systems

 Install Software

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 Cont.…
 Create a Backup and Recover Policy
 Monitor Network Communication
 Update system as soon as new version of OS and application
software comes out
 Implement the Policies for the use of the Computer System
and Network
 Setup Security Policies for users. A sysadmin must have a
strong grasp of computer security (e.g. firewalls and intrusion
detection systems)
 Documentation in form of Internal Wiki
 Password and Identity Management

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 Network and System Administration Ethics
Professionalism:
 Maintain professional conduct in the workplace and will not
allow personal feelings or beliefs to cause to treat people
unfairly or unprofessionally.

Personal Integrity:
 Be honest in professional dealings and forthcoming about
competence and the impact of mistakes, seek assistance from
others when required
 avoid conflicts of interest and biases whenever possible.
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 Cont.…
Privacy:
 maintain and protect the confidentiality of any information

Laws and Policies:

 Educate myself and others on relevant laws, regulations, and

policies regarding the performance of my duties.

Communication:
Communicate with management, users, and colleagues about

computer matters of mutual interest, strive to listen to and

15 understand the needs of all parties.
 Cont.…
System Integrity:

 Strive to ensure the necessary integrity, reliability, and availability of

the systems for which responsible, design and maintain each system
in a manner to support the purpose of the system to the
organization.

Education:

 Continue to update and enhance technical knowledge and other

work-related skills, share knowledge and experience with others.

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 Network operating system
 Network operating system refers to software that
implements an operating system of some kind that is
oriented to computer networking.
 For example, one that runs on a server and enables the
server to manage data, users, groups, security,
applications, and other networking functions. a
 Network operating systems can be based on a
client/server architecture in which a server enables
multiple clients to share resources.
 Operating System: Windows and UNIX variants

 The two most popular classes of operating system today are Unix-like

operating systems and Microsoft Windows-like operating systems.

Unix-like Windows

 Command-line interface (CLI) operating

system.  Graphical user interface (GUI) operating
 Built-in security, but updates must be system.
installed manually.  Updates and fixes can be
 Built on an open standard, but the downloaded and installed automatically.
Single UNIX Specification provides a  The code is proprietary, owned by
standard and ensures continuity across Microsoft.
different distributions of Unix.

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 File system Hierarchy Standard
 In a hierarchical file system, the drives, folders, and files
are displayed in groups, which allows the user to see only
the files they're interested in seeing.

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 /
 This is the root directory which should contain only the

directories needed at the top level of the file structure

 /root is the main directory which contains all other

subdirectories.

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 /bin
 This directory contains executable files necessary to manage and
run the Linux system, including shells (such as bash) and file
system management utilities such as cp and rm.
 These files are available to all users

/boot
 This directory contains your bootloader files, which are
required to boot your system
 /dev
 This directory contains special files that are used to
represent the various hardware devices installed in the
system
/dev /HD1: /dev /HD1: are subdirectories
 EX: hda, hdb ...
/home
 This directory contains subdirectories that serve as home
directories for each user account on your Linux system.
 /etc
 This directory contains text-based configuration files used by the
system as well as services running on the system.You can edit these
files with a text editor to customize how Linux behaves
 It also contains the information of your login name and password.
/lib
 This directory contains code libraries used by programs in /bin and
/sbin.Your kernel modules are also stored in the modules
subdirectory of /lib.
 /media

 This directory is used by some Linux distributions (such as

SUSE Linux) to mount external devices, including CD
drives, DVD drives, and floppy drives.
/mnt
 This directory is used by some Linux distributions (such as
Fedora or Red Hat) to mount external devices, including
CD drives, DVD drives, and floppy drives
 /opt
 This directory contains files for some programs you install
on the system

/sbin
 This directory contains important system management and
administration files, such as fdisk, fsck, ifconfig, init, mkfs,
shutdown, and halt.
 /sys
 This directory contains information about the hardware in your
system.

/temp
 This directory contains temporary files created by you or by the
system.
 /usr
 This directory contains all the information related to the users in a
UNIX system.
 It means it contains all the user account such as user1, user2, and so
on.
/var
 This directory contains a variety of variable data, including your
system log files
WINDOWS vs LINUX FILE SYSTEM

 In Linux there is a single hierarchical directory

structure. In Windows, there are typically many partitions
with directories under these partitions.
 In Linux, everything starts from the root directory,
represented by '/', and then expands into sub-directories. In
Windows, it had various partitions and then directories
under those partitions
 unlike Windows, Linux is case sensitive
 FAT file system
 FAT is a type of file system, which is developed for hard
drives.
 It stands for file allocation table and was first introduced in
1977, which is used for 12 or 16 bits for each and every cluster
access into the file allocation table (FAT).
 On hard drives and other computer systems, it helps to manage
files on Microsoft operating systems.
 in devices like digital cameras, flash memory, and other
portable devices, it is also often found that is used to store file
information.
 FAT is not used by later versions of Microsoft Windows like
Windows XP, Vista, 7, and 10 as they use NTFS.
 The FAT8, FAT12, FAT32, FAT16 are all the different types
of FAT (for file allocation table).
 HFS file system

 It stands Hierarchical file system

 used on a Macintosh computer for creating a directory at
the time a hard disk is format
 It used organize or hold the files on a Macintosh hard disk.
 NTFS file system
 is the file system, which stands for NT file system and stores and
retrieves files on Windows NT operating system and other versions
of Windows
 it is sometimes known as the New Technology File System

 As compared to the FAT and HPFS file system, it provides better

methods of file recovery and data protection and offers a number of
improvements in terms of extendibility, security, and
performance.
 It is used by removable storage devices and Microsoft Windows to
name, organize and store files.
 Network files system

 It is mechanism for storing files on a network.

 It is a distributed file system that allows users to access

files and directories located on remote computers and

treat those files and directories as if they were local.
 It is implemented in that client/server application in

which the server of NFS manages the authorization,

authentication, and clients.
 Virtual file system
 A Virtual File System (VFS) module has been added to the

UNIX kernel to distinguish local and remote files. And

translate the UNIX-independent file identifiers used by NFS
and the internal file identifiers used in UNIX.
 The file identifiers used in NFS are called file handlers. (
File system identifier + i-node number of file + i-node
generation number)

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 Reading assignment
 Compare and contrast above file system for
example FAT vs NTFS?
 Difference between local and distributed file
system with example ?
 What is High performance file system
(HPFS?
 File System Mounting and unmounting?
 File types?
 Thank You!!

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