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8.endocrine System

The endocrine system regulates various bodily functions through hormones. It contains glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, including the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands. The hormones regulate metabolism, growth, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood. The endocrine system utilizes negative feedback loops to maintain homeostasis, where receptors detect imbalances and stimulate control centers to trigger responses that oppose the imbalance. Disorders can occur if the thyroid gland produces too much or too little of its hormone, thyroxine.

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127 views

8.endocrine System

The endocrine system regulates various bodily functions through hormones. It contains glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, including the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands. The hormones regulate metabolism, growth, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood. The endocrine system utilizes negative feedback loops to maintain homeostasis, where receptors detect imbalances and stimulate control centers to trigger responses that oppose the imbalance. Disorders can occur if the thyroid gland produces too much or too little of its hormone, thyroxine.

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taskmask37
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HUMAN

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

BY:M.SAIDI

ThunderEDUC By M.SAIDI
FOR OUR STUDY VIDEOS –

FOR STUDY NOTES :

ThunderEDUC By M.SAIDI
 Introduction
 endocrine and an exocrine gland
hormones
 Negative feedback mechanism

 Introduction:
Homeostasis
 Homeostasis through negative
feedback
 Thermoregulation

By M.SAIDI
ThunderEDUC
➢ endocrine system is the collection
of glands that produce hormones that
regulate metabolism, growth and
development, tissue function, sexual
function, reproduction, sleep, and
mood, among other things.

By M.SAIDI
ThunderEDUC
 ENDOCRINE GLANDS
 (Ductless)
 release chemical
(hormones) substances
directly into the
bloodstream or tissues of
the body.
 EXOCRINE GLANDS
 release chemical
substances through ducts
to outside the body or onto
another surface within the
body
ThunderEDUC
By M.SAIDI
 These are organic compounds proteins
in nature that act as messengers
needed in small amounts in the body.

By M.SAIDI
ThunderEDUC
(hypophysis)

By M.SAIDI ThunderEDUC
Pituitary gland):
Hypothalamus: ➢ GH -Controls growth
➢ADH-Controls the ➢TSH -Stimulates thyroid gland to secrete
concentration of water in thyroxin
the blood ➢ FSH – stimulates the development of the
follicle in the ovaries
➢ LH – stimulates ovulation, and
stimulates development of the corpus
Adrenal gland: luteum
➢ Adrenalin -Increases, ➢ Prolactin – stimulates the mammary
heartbeat, blood pressure glands to secrete milk
,conversion from glycogen
to glucose, skeletal muscle Thyroid gland:
tone, rate and depth of ➢Thyroxin: Controls basic
breathing , diameter of metabolic rate
pupils etc
➢Aldosterone -Regulates
salt concentration in the
blood Pancreas:
➢Glucagon -Stimulates
conversion of glycogen to
Ovary: glucose
➢Oestrogen– stimulates ➢ Insulin- Stimulates
puberty in females, conversion of glucose to
promotes thickening of glycogen.
the endometrium
➢ Progesterone – Testes:
promotes thickening of ➢ Testosterone-Stimulates the
the endometrium, maturation of sperm cells
maintains pregnancy ThunderEDUC ➢ Stimulates puberty in males
 Study the diagram below and answer the
questions that follow.
 A hormone secreted by one of the glands
labelled A to D has the following effects:
 Heartbeat increases
 Vasoconstriction of blood vessels to the
gut
 Dilation of pupils
 2.2.1 Give the letter and name of the
gland that secretes the hormone which
brings about the changes listed above. (2)
 2.2.2 Explain the significance of each of
the following changes:
 (a) Heartbeat increases (2)
 (b) Pupils dilate (2)
 2.2.3 Explain the relationship between
gland A and the kidney on a hot day.
(6)

By M.SAIDI
ThunderEDUC
MEMORANDUM ThunderEDUC

 2.2.1 C ✓ adrenal gland ✓ (2)


 2.2.2 (a) More blood can be pumped to
organs that need it✓ to supply oxygen and glucose ✓
(2)
 (b) More light can be directed to the retina ✓
for better vision ✓ (2)
 2.2.3 On a hot day, the body will produce sweat
for thermoregulation ✓
 So water that would be lost in urine needs to be
conserved ✓
 Gland A (pituitary) releases ADH / vasopressin ✓
when the water level of the blood passing through
the hypothalamus is detected to be lower ✓
 ADH travels via the blood to its target organ, the
kidney ✓
 ADH causes the collecting ducts to become more
permeable to water ✓
 So more water is thus re-absorbed from the urine
✓ / less is lost in urine ✓ (any 6) (6)
By M.SAIDI
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM
 Is a mechanisms operate in the human body to
detect changes or imbalances in the internal
environment and to restore the balance.
 general sequence of events in a negative
feedback mechanism
 an imbalance is detected by the receptor
 a control centre is stimulated
 the control centre responds
 a message sent to target organ/s (effectors)
 the effectors responds it opposes (reverses) the
imbalance
 balance is restored ThunderEDUC
By M.SAIDI
Negative feed back
mechanism

By M.SAIDI
ThunderEDUC
THYROXIN

By M.SAIDI ThunderEDUC
 DISORDERS OF THYROID GLAND
➢1. Hyperthyroidism
➢(overactive thyroid) occurs when thyroid gland produces
too much of the hormone thyroxine.
➢ Hyperthyroidism can accelerate the body's metabolism,
causing weight loss and a rapid or irregular heartbeat
➢Examples include Goitre, is a swelling in the neck
resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland caused by iodine
deficiency
➢2. 1. Hypothyroidism
➢Occurs thyroid gland can't make enough thyroid
hormone to keep the body running normally eg
Myxoedema

ThunderEDUC
By M.SAIDI
TOGETHER WE CAN MAKE SOUTH
AFRICA SHINE

EACH STEP AHEAD


MAKES A DIFFERENCE

BY:M.SAIDI
Email:[email protected]
contact: 0848331738

EMPOWERD BY: By M.SAIDI

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