INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

CHEMISTRY

PM SHRI

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NDA KHADAKWASLA PUNE-23

SUBMITTED

BY

HARSHU JASWAL

CLASS: XII A

ROLL NO:
 CERTIFICATE

This is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine investigation work has
been carried out to investigate about the subject matter and the related data
collection and investigation has been completed sincerely and satisfactorily by
Harshu Jaswal of Class XII A, Kendriya Vidyalaya N.D.A, regarding the
project “To prepare rayon thread from filter paper”.

External’s sign Teacher’s sign

Principal’s sign
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my heartfelt gratitude to the following individuals, whose unwavering

support and guidance have been instrumental in the successful completion of
this project:

Mrs. Alka Gaikwad, our esteemed principal, deserves my deepest appreciation

for entrusting me with the golden opportunity to embark on this wonderful
project.

Special thanks to my dedicated Chemistry teacher, Mrs. Varsha Indurkar, whose

invaluable guidance and expertise have been the guiding light throughout this
journey. Her insights and encouragement have played a pivotal role in shaping
the project to its fullest potential.

I am immensely grateful to my parents for their constant understanding, moral

support, and invaluable guidance. Their belief in my capabilities has been a
driving force, inspiring me to strive for excellence.

To my classmates, I extend my sincere thanks for their constructive suggestions

and timely assistance. Their collaborative spirit has enriched this project and
made it a collective effort.

This acknowledgement is a testament to the collaborative spirit and support that

have defined this project. Each contributor has played a unique role, and I am
truly thankful for the enriching experience of working alongside such dedicated
individuals
 CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. FIBRE PROPERTIES

3. APPLICATION OF RAYON

4. EXPERIMENT

5. CONCLUSION

6. BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
Cellulose is nature’s own giant molecule. It is the fibrous material that every
plant from seaweed to sequoia make by baking glucose molecules in long
chains. Wood now has become main source of cellulose.
Rayon is a synthetic fiber produced from cellulose. This natural base gives it
many characteristics like – low cost, diversity etc.
It can be obtained by two processes:
1. Viscose process: cellulose is soaked in caustic soda (30%) solution. Then
alkali solution is removed and product is treated with CSi. This gives
cellulose xanthates which is dissolved in NaOH solution giving viscous
solution. This is filtered and forced into dilute solution of H₂SO₄ forming
rayon threads.
2. Cuprammonium rayon: Cuprammonium rayon is obtained by
dissolving pieces of filter paper in deep blue solution of tetra-ammine
cupric hydroxide.

 FIBRE PROPERTIES
1. Versatile fiber
2. Soft, cool, comfortable and very good absorbent.
3. Drapes well.
4. Easily be dyed in variety of colors.
5. HWM (High wet modulus) rayon is very stronger and reveals good
durability.
6. HWM rayon does not shrink when wet.

 APPLICATIONS OF RAYON
1. Rayon typically has elevated luster quality giving it a brilliant gloss.
2. Some rayon fibers are for filling in Zippo lighters, furnishings
including bedsheets, blankets, window cover etc.
3. For industrial purposes such as medical surgery products, non-woven
items, and some other uses like towels.
4. Used in apparel industry.
 EXPERIMENT
AIM:
To prepare rayon thread using filter paper by cuprammonium process.
CHEMICALS AND APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Beakers, conical flask, filtration flasks, vacuum pump, bent tube, glass rod, 50%
ammonia solution, dil. NaOH solution, dil. H2SO4, filter paper
CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED:
1. Forming precipitate of Cu(OH)₂

CuSO4 + 2NaOH  Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4

2. Formation of deep blue solution of Cuprammonium hydroxide

Cu(OH)2 + 4NH4OH  [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 + 4H2O

3. Dissolving filter paper cuprammonium hydroxide solution leaves out a

viscous solution called Viscose.
PROCEDURE:
1. To prepare cuprammonium hydroxide: Weigh about 20.0g of
crystalline copper sulphate in a clean watch glass. Dissolve it in 100mL
of water taken in beaker. Add dilute NaOH solution to this solution
slowly with stirring and note the separation of precipitate of Cu(OH)2.
Filter the precipitate on water pump and wash the precipitate thoroughly
with water so the portion of filtrate does not indicate presence of sulphate
ions on testing with BaCl2 solution. Now transfer the precipitate to a
250mL and add 50mL of liquor ammonia. The precipitate will dissolve
resulting in a deep blue solution of cuprammonium hydroxide
(Schweitzer’s solution). This is solvent for dissolving cellulose.
2. Dissolving the cellulose matter: Weigh about 1g of filter
paper and cut it into small pieces. Add these pieces to cuprammonium
 solution taken in a conical flask. Close the flask with rubber stopper and
allow it to stand for 3-4 days. During this filter paper completely
dissolves leaving a viscous solution called Viscose.
3. Formation of Rayon filament: Viscous solution is
taken in syringe. Then the nozzle of syringe is dipped in 5M H2SO4
solution taken in wide mouthed beaker. Squeeze out viscous into acid
solution and at the same time keep on moving nozzle in acid. Long
filaments of rayon will be formed in beaker. The acid bath is left
untouched for 24 hours until the blue color thread turns to white. Rayon
filament are then removed from acid bath, washed with water and dried
by keeping them on filter paper.

RESULT:

Successfully rayon thread is prepared from filter paper.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Addition of excess of liquor ammonia to be avoided.

2. Before taking the viscose into syringe, make sure it does not have any
pieces of paper otherwise bits of paper tend to clog the needle of the
syringe.
3. Addition of liquor ammonia should be performed in fume cupboard with
extra care otherwise the fumes if inhaled cause heavy giddiness.
4. Prefer using a thick needle otherwise the fibers won’t come out with
preferred thickness and quality.
CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the cuprammonium method stands out as a convenient and

efficient means of producing rayon thread. Rayon, a semi-synthetic fiber, has
found widespread application in the embroidery industry due to its affordability
and beautiful sheen. The diversity within the rayon family, encompassing
viscose, modal, and lyocell, underscores the versatility of this fiber. Each
variant not only differs in its manufacturing process but also exhibits distinct
properties in the finished products. The amalgamation of cost-effectiveness,
aesthetic appeal, and the availability of various rayon types makes it a preferred
choice in the textile industry, particularly in the realm of embroidery. This
conclusion highlights the significance of the cuprammonium method in
contributing to the accessibility and diversity of rayon, thereby enhancing its
utility across different applications.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayon
2. https://www.slideshare.net
3. https://www.icbse.com/projects
4. https://thechemistryguru.com
5. https://www.academia.edu
6. https://cbseportal.com/Projects/Download-CBSE-ClassXII-Chemistry
7. https://en.wikipedia.org
8. https://www.scribd.com/document/439722069/preparation-of-rayon-
thread-from-filter-paper