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3.2 Ions and Ionic Bonding

The document discusses ionic bonding, including that it involves the transfer of electrons from metals to non-metals forming oppositely charged ions held together by electrostatic forces. Key aspects covered include cations, anions, examples of ionic compounds such as NaCl and MgO, and properties of ionic compounds.

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31 views

3.2 Ions and Ionic Bonding

The document discusses ionic bonding, including that it involves the transfer of electrons from metals to non-metals forming oppositely charged ions held together by electrostatic forces. Key aspects covered include cations, anions, examples of ionic compounds such as NaCl and MgO, and properties of ionic compounds.

Uploaded by

42h47n5zvr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chemical bonding

3.2 Ions and ionic bonding


Ionic bonding

❖ Ionic bond:
• The bonds formed between metal and non-metal
atoms.
• Electrons transferred from one atom to another
forming ions.
• Ions held together by electrostatic forces of attraction
between charged ions.
• Therefore, the ionic bond represents the strong
electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely
charged ions.
Important key words

❖ Ionic bonding:
• a strong electrostatic forces of attraction between
charged ions.

❖ Ions:
• Charged particles made from an atom by the loss or
gain of electrons.
❖ Electrostatic forces:
• strong electrostatic force of attraction between
particles of opposite charges (ions in ionic bonds).
Ionic bonding

❖ Cation:
• The positive ion that would be attracted to cathode in
electrolysis.
❖ Anion:
• The negative ion that would be attracted to anode in
electrolysis.
Ionic bonding
❖ Ionic compounds
• Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Ionic bonding
Ionic bonding

❖ Ionic bond-Main features:


• The electrons involved in ion formation are
those in the outer shell of the atoms.
• Metal atoms loss electrons to become positive
ions and achieve the electron configuration of
the nearest noble gas.
• Non-metal atoms gain electrons to become
negative ions and achieve the electron
configuration of the nearest noble gas.
Dot-and-cross diagrams:
Ionic bonding
❖ Ionic compounds
• Magnesium oxide (MgO)
Ionic bonding
❖ Ionic compounds
• Calcium chloride (CaCl2)
Metal ions always lose their outer electrons to form positive
ions (cations).
Ionic
bonds The number of positive charges on a metal ion is equal to the
number of electrons lost.

between Non- metal atoms (except hydrogen) always gain electrons to


become negative ions (anions).
metallic
The number of negative charges on a non-metal ion is equal
and non- to the number of electrons gained.

metallic In both cases the ions formed have a more stable electronic
configuration, usually that of the nearest noble gas in the

elements: periodic table.

Ionic bonds result from the electrostatic attraction between


oppositely charged ions.
Physical properties of ionic compounds

• High melting and boiling points,


• Crystalline solids at room temperature
• Often soluble in water
• Conduct electricity (when molten or dissolved in water)

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