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Introduction To Cellular Mobile System

This document discusses the history and evolution of cellular mobile systems from 1G to 5G networks. It provides details on each generation including the technologies used, features, and limitations. The key points are: 1) Wireless communication enables transmission without wires, 2) Cellular networks have advanced from analog 1G to digital 2G/3G/4G networks with higher speeds and capacities, 3) 5G is the next generation still being developed to provide speeds over 1 Gbps and connect many devices simultaneously.

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khushijahnvi20
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34 views

Introduction To Cellular Mobile System

This document discusses the history and evolution of cellular mobile systems from 1G to 5G networks. It provides details on each generation including the technologies used, features, and limitations. The key points are: 1) Wireless communication enables transmission without wires, 2) Cellular networks have advanced from analog 1G to digital 2G/3G/4G networks with higher speeds and capacities, 3) 5G is the next generation still being developed to provide speeds over 1 Gbps and connect many devices simultaneously.

Uploaded by

khushijahnvi20
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR MOBILE SYSTEM

Wireless Communications – The transmission of user information such as human


voice, digital data, e-mail messages, video and other multimedia services without
the use of wires

History of Wireless Communications

 Radio and Television Communications


 Radar Communications
 Satellite Communications
 Wireless and Mobile Communications
 Cellular Communications

Advantages of Wireless Communications

 Mobility
 Increased reliability
 Ease of installation
 Rapid disaster recovery
 Lower cost

Disadvantages of Wireless Communications

 Radio signal interference


 Security
 Health hazards

Wireless Network Generations (Generations of Mobile Communication)

 First Generation Analog Cellular Systems (1G)


 Second Generation Digital Cellular Systems (2G)
 Evolution from 2G to 3G Cellular Networks (2.5G)
 Third Generation Digital Cellular Systems (3G)
 Fourth Generation Digital Cellular Systems (4G)
 Fifth Generation Digital Cellular Systems (5G)
1G
 First 1G mobile phone – 1980 in US
 Before 1G only radio telephones in cars.
 Analog circuit switched technology was used.
 FDMA
 800-900 MHz frequency bands.
 Only voice facility
 Eg. AMPS (analog mobile phone system) in North America and TACS (total
access communication system) in Europe.
 Limitations of 1G-
1. Supports only speech
2. Low traffic capacity
3. Unreliable handover
4. Long call setup time and frequent call drops
5. Inefficient use of bandwidth and poor battery life
6. Poor voice quality and large phone size
7. Allow users to make voice calls in 1 country only

2G
 Digital Cellular systems
 Commercial use in 1990
 Supports data, speech, FAX, SMS, WAP (Wireless Access Protocol)
 890- 960 MHz
 (uplink MS to BS 890- 915 MHz) and (downlink BS to MS 935- 960 MHz)
 Standards- GSM and IS-95
 GSM uses TDMA and IS-95 uses CDMA
 Limitations of 2G
1. Provides low data rates ranging from 9.6 Kbps to 28.8 Kbps
2. Circuit switched networks- dedicated sessions causes reduction in usage
of BW and resources.
3. Too many 2G standards- GSM, CDMA, PDC, PHS etc.
2.5G
 Interim generation (between 2G and 3G)
 Web browsing and email
 In 1998, added GPRS (General Packet Radio System)
 Enhanced data rates for GPRS evolution (EDGE)

3G
 In force from 2000
 High speed internet access
 Live video communication
 Simultaneous data and voice transmission
 Multimedia facilities + 2.5G phone
 1710- 2170 MHz
 High data rates 348 Kbps in a moving vehicle and 3 Mbps in a stationary
MS
 Global roaming
 Eg. UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephone System
 Limitations of 3G
1. High BW requirement
2. High spectrum licensing fees
3. Expensive and bulk size phones
4. Lack of 2G mobile user buy for 3G
5. Lack of network coverage
6. High price of 3G services

4G
 Concept developed in 2002, implemented in 2012-2015
 Transmission rates 2 Mbps
 Very smooth global roaming
 Lower cost
 Higher data rates 100 Mbps for a roaming mobile device to 1 Gbps to a
stationary device
 Video conferencing
 Streaming picture perfect video
 Modulation techniques used variable spreading factor orthogonal frequency
and code division multiplexing (VSF-OFCDM)
 4G-LTE Long Term Evolution
 Limitations of 4G
1. Possibility of some interference
2. Capable of being attacked (jamming frequencies)
3. Privacy risked
4. Need to buy a new device to support the 4G
5. Different network bands for different phones
6. Expensive & hard to implement

5G
 Yet to be implemented
 The 5G technology is expected to provide a new (much wider than 4G)
frequency bands along with the wider spectral bandwidth per frequency
channel.
 5G is also advanced in terms of
 High increased peak bit rate
 Larger data volume per unit area (i.e. high system spectral efficiency)
 High capacity to allow more devices connectivity concurrently and
instantaneously
 Lower battery consumption
 Better connectivity irrespective of the geographic region, in which you are
 A larger number of supporting devices
 Lower cost of infrastructural development
 Higher reliability of the communications
 Practically possible to avail the super speed i.e. 1 to 10 Gbps.
 1,000x bandwidth per unit area.
 Feasibility to connect 10 to 100 number of devices.
 Worldwide coverage.
 About 90% reduction in network energy usage.
 Battery life will be much longer.
 The whole world will be in a wi-fi zone.
Advantages of 5G Technology
 Technology to gather all networks on one platform.
 More effective and efficient.
 Technology to facilitate subscriber supervision tools for quick action.
 Most likely, it will provide huge broadcasting data (in Gigabit), which will
support more than 60,000 connections.
 Easily manageable with the previous generations.
 Technological sound to support heterogeneous services (including private
networks).
 Possible to provide uniform, uninterrupted, and consistent connectivity
across the world.

Disadvantages of 5G Technology
 Technology is still under process and research on its viability is going on.
 The speed, this technology is claiming seems difficult to achieve (in the
future, it might be) because of the incompetent technological support in most
parts of the world.
 Many of the old devices would not be competent to 5G, hence, all of them
need to be replaced with a new one — expensive deal.
 Developing infrastructure needs a high cost.
 Security and privacy issues yet to be solved.

Applications of Wireless Communications

 Office and household environments


 Industrial control
 Education sector
 Health services
 Government and military operations
 Event and travel management
 Home entertainment
 Environmental and industrial research
Wireless Communication Systems (examples/ types of mobile radio sytems)

 Paging System/ Pagers


 Cordless Phone System
 Cellular Telephone System
 Handheld Walkie Talkie
 Remote Controllers
 Door Openers

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