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Maxwell's Equations

Maxwell's equations describe how electric and magnetic fields are produced and changed, and how they are related. The four equations are: 1) Gauss's law for electricity relating electric flux to charge, 2) Gauss's law for magnetism stating magnetic monopoles do not exist, 3) Faraday's law of induction showing that a changing magnetic field produces an electric field, and 4) Ampere's law relating magnetic fields to their causes, electric currents and changing electric fields. Together these equations explain classical electromagnetism and form the foundation of classical electrodynamics.

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93 views4 pages

Maxwell's Equations

Maxwell's equations describe how electric and magnetic fields are produced and changed, and how they are related. The four equations are: 1) Gauss's law for electricity relating electric flux to charge, 2) Gauss's law for magnetism stating magnetic monopoles do not exist, 3) Faraday's law of induction showing that a changing magnetic field produces an electric field, and 4) Ampere's law relating magnetic fields to their causes, electric currents and changing electric fields. Together these equations explain classical electromagnetism and form the foundation of classical electrodynamics.

Uploaded by

Akhundzada Ilyas kakar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Maxwell’s Equations: Derivation in Integral and

Differential form

Maxwell’s Equations
Maxwell’s equations are the basic equations of electromagnetism which are a collection
of Gauss’s law for electricity, Gauss’s law for magnetism, Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction, and Ampere’s law for currents in conductors. Maxwell equations give a mathematical
model for electric, optical, and radio technologies, like power generation, electric motors,
wireless communication, radar, and, Lenses, etc.
These Equations explain how magnetic and electric fields are produced from charges.
These equations are part of the comprehensive and symmetrical theory of electromagnetism,
which is essential to understand electromagnetic waves, optics, radio and TV transmission,
microwave ovens, and magnetically levitated trains.

The four of Maxwell’s equations for free space are:

The First Maxwell’s equation (Gauss’s law for electricity)


Gauss’s law states that flux passing through any closed surface is equal to 1/ε0 times the total
charge enclosed by that surface.
The integral form of Maxwell’s 1st equation

It is the integral form of Maxwell’s 1st equation.


Maxwell’s first equation in differential form

It is called the differential form of Maxwell’s 1st equation.


The Second Maxwell’s equation (Gauss’s law for magnetism)
Gauss’s law for magnetism states that the net flux of the magnetic field through a closed surface
is zero because monopoles of a magnet do not exist.

The Third Maxwell’s equation (Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction )


According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
It is the differential form of Maxwell’s third equation.

The Fourth Maxwell’s equation (Ampere’s law)


The magnitude of the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the strength of the
current and inversely proportional to the distance of the point from the straight conductors is
called Ampere’s law.
Third Maxwell’s equation says that a changing magnetic field produces an electric field. But
there is no clue in the fourth Maxwell’s equation whether a changing electric field produces a
magnetic field? To overcome this deficiency, Maxwell’s argued that if a changing magnetic flux
can produce an electric field then by symmetry there must exist a relation in which a changing
electric field must produce a changing magnetic flux.

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