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CH 3

This document contains a chapter summary on hydrostatics from a hydraulics course at Debre Berhan University. The chapter defines hydrostatics as the study of fluids at rest and discusses its engineering applications. It also covers topics such as fluid pressure, Pascal's law of pressure, pressure variation and measurement in fluids, and hydrostatic pressure on horizontal planes.

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Eyoatem Teferi
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13 views

CH 3

This document contains a chapter summary on hydrostatics from a hydraulics course at Debre Berhan University. The chapter defines hydrostatics as the study of fluids at rest and discusses its engineering applications. It also covers topics such as fluid pressure, Pascal's law of pressure, pressure variation and measurement in fluids, and hydrostatic pressure on horizontal planes.

Uploaded by

Eyoatem Teferi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Course Name: Hydraulics

Ch 3
HYDROSTATICS

Instructor: Melese Chanie Shumie May, 2021


3. Hydrostatics
3.1. Definition
 The study of fluids at rest.
 Moving with uniform velocity.
• There is no shear stress in a fluid at rest.
• Only normal pressure forces are present in hydrostatics.
3.2. Engineering applications of hydrostatics:
 Study of forces acting on submerged bodies such as dam
faces, gates & others
 analysis of stability of floating bodies.

22-May-21 Hydraulics Slide 2


3. Hydrostatics
3.3. Fluid Pressure
 Is the pressure force per unit area
 The force should be applied normal to the surface.
• Mathematically P = dF/dA
3.4. Pressure at a point ( PASCAL’s Law )
• The pressure force can also considered and it will be the same
with others.
 P = Pz = PX = Py
 Pascal’s Law of pressure states that the pressure or pressure
intensity at a point in a static fluid is equal in all directions
irrespective of shape and size.

22-May-21 Hydraulics Slide 3


3. Hydrostatics
3.5. Pressure variation in a fluid at rest
• This expression is known as the hydrostatic pressure
variation, in which the pressure increases linearly with
decreasing elevation.

P1 = z

22-May-21 Hydraulics Slide 4


3. Hydrostatics
3.6. Pressure Types
• Absolute pressure :The pressure which is measured with
reference to absolute vacuum pressure.
• Gage pressure: the pressure which is measured with the help
of pressure measuring devices, in which the atmospheric
pressure is taken as datum. The atmospheric pressure on the
scale is marked as zero.
• Absolute pressure = atmospheric pressure + Gage pressure
Pab = Patm +Pgauge

22-May-21 Hydraulics Slide 5


3. Hydrostatics
3.7. Measurement of Pressure
• Piezometer: the simplest form of manometer.
 One end of this manometer is connected to the point where
pressure is to be measured.
 The other end is open to the atmosphere.
 The rise of liquid gives the pressure head at that point.
 Pressure at point A is pa = γh

22-May-21 Hydraulics Slide 6


3. Hydrostatics
U- tube Manometer: consists of a glass tube bent in U-shape.
• One end is connected to a point at which pressure is to be
measured.
• The other end is open to the atmosphere.
• The tube contains mercury or other liquid whose specific
gravity is greater than the specific gravity of the liquid
whose pressure is to be measured.

22-May-21 Hydraulics Slide 7


3. Hydrostatics
How to compute the pressure in U-Tube Mano meter
 Surface of equal pressure(SEP)
 Step by step procedure(SS)
Start at one end and write the pressure there
Add the change in pressure there
 + If next meniscus is lower.
 - If next meniscus is higher
 Continue until the other end of the gage and equate
the pressure at that point

22-May-21 Hydraulics Slide 8


3. Hydrostatics
Example: The right limb of a simple U-tube manometer
containing mercury (s = 13.6) is open to the atm, while the left
limb is connected to a pipe in which a fluid of sp.gr. 0.9 is
flowing. The center of the pipe is 12cm below the center of
mercury in the right limb. Find the pressure of fluid in the pipe
if the difference of mercury level in the two limbs is 20cm.

22-May-21 Hydraulics Slide 9


3. Hydrostatics
3.8. Hydrostatic pressure on Horizontal plane
 Importance
 Design of storage tanks
 Ships
 Dams and other hydraulic structures.
 F = P*A
 F = W = γ*V = γ*A*h

22-May-21 Hydraulics Slide 10


Thank You!

22-May-21 Hydraulics Slide 11

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