CASE STUDY QUESTIONS : ALTERNATING CURRENT ( 5 questions of 4 marks each)

1. A transformer is an electrical device which is used for changing a.c. voltages. It is based on the
E s Ip ns
phenomenon of mutual induction. It can be shown that = = = K, where symbols
Ep Is np
have their standard meaning. For a step up transformer, K>1 and for a step down
transformer, K<1. The numbers of turns in the primary and secondary coils of a transformer
are 2000 and 50 respectively. The primary coil is connected to main of 120 V and secondary to
a night bulb of 0.6 ohm. The efficiency of transformer is 80 %.

i) A transformer is used :
(a) to transform electric energy into mechanical energy.
(b) to obtain suitable DC voltage.
(c) to transform AC into DC.
(d) to obtain suitable AC voltage.

ii) Which quantity is increased in step-down transformer ?

(a) resistance
(b) power
(c) current
(d) charge

iii) In step-up transformer, relation between number of turns in primary(Np) and number of turns in
secondary(Ns) is
(a) Ns > Np (b) Np > Ns (c) Ns = Np (d) Np = 2 Ns

iv) Voltage across the secondary of transformer is

(a) 120 V (b) 360 V (c) 40 V (d) 3 V

v) Current in primary coil is

5
(a) 15 A (b) 5 / 3 A (c) A (d) 0.6 A
32
 2. A resistance of 40 Ω is connected with an inductor of self-inductance 5H and a capacitor of
capacitance 80μF. This combination is then connected to an AC source of rms voltage 220 V.
Frequency of AC source can be changed continuously

i) What should be the frequency of source which drives circuit to resonance

100 75 50 25
(a) (b) (c) (d)
π π π π

ii) In LCR series a.c. circuit , the current

(a) is in phase with the voltage
(b) lags behind the generator voltage
(c) leads the generator voltage
(d) None of these

iii) When LCR series circuit is at resonance, then the phase angle between current and voltage is

(a) 0 (b) 2π (c) π /2 (d) π

iv) What is the impedance of circuit in a state of resonance ?

(a) 40 (b) 80 Ω (c) 400 Ω (d)800 Ω

v) What is the average power consumed by circuit ?

(a) 605 W (b) 1210 √ 2 W (c) 1210 W (d) 1210 W

3. Current flowing through an inductor as a function of time is given as I = 4 + 16 t. Here I is in

amperes and t is in seconds. Emf induced in the inductor is 20 mV. The inductive reactance is given by
XL = ωL = 2πfL. Thus on increasing frequency , inductive reactance increases. Howerver, when f = 0
then XL = 0 , from this it can be said that in DC there is no inductive reactance. In case of DC, a pure
inductor behaves as a wire with zero resistance.

i) What is self-inductance of the inductor?

(a) 1.25 x 10 -3 H (b) 2.5 x 10 -4 H

(c) 1.25 x 10 -4 H (d) 5 x 10 -3 H

ii) Rate of energy supplied to inductor at t = 2 s is

(a) 0.36 W (b) 0.72 W (c) 1.44 W (d) 2.88 W

 iii) An inductor
(a) offers easy path to a.c., but blocks d.c.
(b) offers easy path to d.c., but blocks a.c.
(c) offers easy path to both a.c. and d.c.
(d) None of these .

iv) Choose the correct statement

(a) the capacitor can conduct in a d.c. circuit but not an inductor.
(b) in d.c. circuit the inductor can conduct but not a capacitor.
(c) in d.c. circuit both the inductor and capacitor cannot conduct.
(d) the inductor has infinite resistance in a d.c. circuit.

v) In oscillating LC circuit, the total stored energy is U and maximum charge upon capacitor is Q.
When the charge upon the capacitor is Q / 2, the energy stored in the inductor is

(a) U / 2 (b) U / 4 (c) 4U / 3 (d) 3U / 4

4. Series LCR circuits at resonance admit maximum current at particular frequencies. Therefore it
is called acceptor circuit because at resonance, impedance of LCR circuit is minimum and it easily
accepts that current out of the many currents whose frequency is equal to the resonant frequency.
This circuit is used in radio and TV receivers to tune the desired frequency or filtered unwanted
frequencies. The antenna of a radio or TV receives signals of tuning circuit of the receiver is changed
by changing the the capacitance of the tuning circuit till the resonant frequency of the circuit becomes
equal to the frequency of the desired broadcasting station. At this stage, the electrical resonance takes
place. The amplitude of the current with the frequency of the signal from the desired station becomes
maximum and hence it is received by the radio or TV receiver. The maximum current flows through
1
for that a.c. voltage which has frequency equal to fr = .If Q-value of circuit is large the signals
2 π √ LC
of the other stations will be very weak. Quality factor determines the clarity of reception.Low quality
factor means that bandwidth around the bandwidth around the resonance frequency is large and
hence, tuning is not very accurate.

i) The current admitted by series LCR circuit corresponding to resonant frequency is

(a) maximum (b) minimum (c) zero (d) cannot be determined

ii) In a series LCR circuit L=8H, C=0.5μF and R=100Ω. The resonant frequency of the crcuit is
(a) 1000 / π Hz (b) 500 / π Hz (c) 250 / π Hz (d) 125 / π Hz

iii) At resonance, in a series LCR circuit, which relation does not hold
1 1 1 1
(a) ω = (b) ω = (c) Lω = (d) Cω =
LC √ LC Cω Lω
 iv) Nita switched on the radio set to listen to her favourite music but found the reception was not
clear. Also there was there was overlapping of signals. So she adjusted the tuner. Name the
phenomenon involved here :
(a) reception (b) bandwith (c) resonance (d) filtration
v) From the figure below, the curve with highest value of Q-factor is

(a) Curve I
( b) Curve II
( c) Both the curves
(d) None of them

5. A thermal power plant produces electric power of 600 kW at 4000 V, which is to be transported
to a place 20 km away from the power plant for consumers usage. It can be transported either directly
with a cable of large current carrying capacity or by using a combination of step-up or step-down
transformers at the two ends. The drawback of the direct transmission is the large energy dissipation.
In the method using transformers, the dissipation is much smaller. In this method, a step-up
transformer is used at the plant side so that the current is reduced to a smaller value. At the
consumers end, a step-up transformer is used to supply power to the consumer at the specified lower
voltage.

i) 11 kw of electric power can be transmitted to a distant station at (i) 220 V or (ii) 22000 V. Which
of the two modes of transmission should be preferred ?

(a) 220 V (b) 22000 V (c) Both (d) none of the two
 ii ) Power is transmitted from a power house on high voltage because

(a) the rate of transmission is faster at high voltage

(b) it is more economical due to less power wastage
(c) the life of current carrying wire is prolonged
(d) a precaution against the theft of transmission line

iii) The core of a transformer is laminated so that

(a) the ratio of voltage in primary and secondary coils may be increased.
(b) the weight of the transformer may be reduced
(c) residual magnetism in the core may be reduced
(d) energy loss due to eddy currents may be reduced

iv) If the direct transmission method with a cable of resistance of 0.4 Ωkm-1 is used, the power dissipation
in % during transmission is

(a) 20 (b) 30 (c) 40 (d) 50

v) What is increased in a step down transformer ?

(a) current (b) voltage (c) wattage (d) none

Answers of Case Study Questions. Any four parts to be attemped in each.

CASE i ii iii iv v
STUDY
QUE
1 d c a d a
2 d d a a c
3 a b b b d
4 a c a c a
5 b b d b a