The University of Jordan

School of Engineering
Mechatronics Engineering Department

Experiment 7: SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

By

Name ID.Num
Deemah Alhwaide 0199302
Noor Ali 0194849
Yazan Al Sarayrah 0199454
Esra’a Tanashat 2180118
Tamer Abughoush 0186684

ACTUATORS LAB (0908326)

Eng. Sara Al Tamimi

August 12, 2023

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Table of Contents
List of Figures ............................................................................................................... 3
List of Tables ................................................................................................................ 3
Introduction: ................................................................................................................ 4
Abstract ......................................................................................................................... 6
Methodology ................................................................................................................. 7
Discussion.................................................................................................................... 11

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List of Figures
Figure 1: synchronous Motor Sketch ............................................................................ 5
Figure 2: Synchronous motor parts ............................................................................... 5
Figure 3: Synchronous Motor ....................................................................................... 6
Figure 4: Starting motor ................................................................................................ 6
Figure 5: Mechanical Power Measuring unit ................................................................ 6
Figure 6: Power Supply Unit ........................................................................................ 6
Figure 7: Wiring diagram to plot the open Circuit characteristics ................................ 7
Figure 8: Ea vs I (field) plot.......................................................................................... 8
Figure 9: Wiring diagram to find the value of the synchronous Reactance (Xs) .......... 8
Figure 10: The effect of increase the load on the operation of Synchronous Motor .... 9
Figure 11: Wiring diagram to analyses the effect of load changes on the operation of
the Synchronous Motor .................................................................................................. 9

List of Tables
Table 1: Open Circuit characteristics measurements values ......................................... 7
Table 2 : Effect of Load Changes Field Voltage:100 V dc; Line Voltage:380 V ac. . 10
Table 3 : Effect of Load Changes Field Voltage:190 V dc; Line Voltage:380 V ac. . 10

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Introduction:

Synchronous machines:
Stators of Synchronous machines is the same as the induction motor. But its rotor is a
permeant magnet or electromagnet.
The principle of operation of a synchronous motor can be understood by considering
the stator windings to be connected to a three-phase alternating-current supply. The
effect of the stator current is to establish a magnetic field rotating at 120 f/p revolutions
per minute for a frequency of f (hertz) and for p (poles).
As mechanical load is applied, the rotor slips back a few degrees with respect to the
rotating field of the stator, developing torque and continuing to be drawn around by this
rotating field. The angle between the fields increases as load torque is increased. The
maximum available torque is achieved when the angle by which the rotor field lags the
stator field is 90°. Application of more load torque will stall the motor.
Advantages:
1. Speed is independent of the load, provided an adequate field current is applied.
2. Their power factor can be adjusted to unity by using a proper field current
relative to the load.
Disadvantages:
1. Synchronous motors are inherently not self-starting motors and need some
arrangement for its starting and synchronizing.
2. The cost per kW output is generally higher than that of induction motors.
3. Synchronous motors cannot be started on load. Its starting torque is zero.

Applications:
1. Analog clocks & timers.
2. Phonograph turntables.
3. Tape recorders.

Methods of starting synchronous motor:

1. External prime mover.
2. Power Electronics (VFD).
3. Amortisuer Windings (SCIM).

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 Figure 1: synchronous Motor Sketch

Figure 2: Synchronous motor parts

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Abstract

1. Understand the characteristics and behavior of the synchronous motor.

2. Find the parameter of the synchronous motor.

Apparatus

1. Synchronous Motor
2. Starting motor.
3. Multimeter.
4. Power supply unit.
5. Mechanical Power Measurement unit.

Figure 3: Synchronous Motor Figure 4: Starting motor

Figure 6: Power Supply Unit Figure 5: Mechanical Power Measuring

unit

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Methodology

Using the ohmmeter, measure the resistance of the armature between terminals U2 and
U1 (or V2 and V1 or W2 and W1). Alternatively use a dc source and a measure the dc
current flowing in it 𝑹𝒂 = 𝟕𝛀

𝑹𝒇 + 𝑹𝒓 = 𝟑𝟒𝟏𝛀

1) OPEN CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS

Open circuit characteristics:

Figure 7: Wiring diagram to plot the open Circuit characteristics.

Table 1: Open Circuit characteristics measurements values

# Field Voltage (V dc) Field Current (A dc) Output Phase Voltage (V ac)
1 25 V 0.06 1.5
2 50 V 0.14 3.1
3 75 V 0.22 4.7
4 100 V 0.30 6.3
5 125 V 0.37 7.7
6 150 V 0.45 9
7 175 V 0.52 10.2
8 190 V 0.57 11

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Plot the measured voltage Ea against the field current and comment on the resulting
curve.

Figure 8: Ea vs I (field) plot

We notice that the backward emf generated increases linearly at first then it starts to
increase slowly until it reaches saturation.

2) Finding the Value of the Synchronous Reactance (Xs) using the Short Circuit
Characteristic (SCC)
Connect the motor as shown below:

Figure 9: Wiring diagram to find the value of the synchronous Reactance (Xs)

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Keep increasing field voltage until current rated reached:

𝐼𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 = 1 A

𝑉𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = 10.5 V
𝑉 10.5
𝑋𝑠 = 𝐼 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = = 10.5 Ω
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 1

1) Effect of Load Changes on the Synchronous Motor and the Phasor Diagrams

Figure 10: The effect of increase the load on the operation of Synchronous Motor

Figure 11: Wiring diagram to analyses the effect of load changes on the
operation of the Synchronous Motor9

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 Table 2 : Effect of Load Changes Field Voltage:100 V dc; Line Voltage:380 V ac.
# Torque (Nm) Armature Electrical Input Mechanical Output Power Power Factor
Current (Ia) Power (W) (W)
A

1 0.11 0.29 120 15 0.63

2 0.25 0.36 140 60 0.6
3 0.50 0.46 170 145 0.56
4 0.75 0.58 210 220 0.55
5 1.00 0.7 230 300 0.5
6 1.25 0.87 260 390 0.45
7 1.50 1.07 273 470 0.4
8 1.75 1.28 275 530 0.33
9 1.85 1.7 240 580 0.21

✓ Find the value of Ea.

𝐸𝑎 = 𝑉𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 − 𝑗𝑋𝑠 𝐼𝑎

Table 3 : Effect of Load Changes Field Voltage:190 V dc; Line Voltage:380 V ac.
# Torque Armature Electrical Mechanical Power Factor
(Nm) Current (Ia) Input Power Output Power
A (W) (W)

1 0.11 1.03 300 10 0.44

2 0.5 1.05 350 150 0.51
3 1.00 1.12 420 310 0.57
4 1.5 1.22 480 460 0.58
5 2.00 1.41 540 620 0.6
6 2.5 1.61 600 780 0.56
7 3.00 1.87 620 940 0.50

V = Ef + j * Ia * Xs is satisfied

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Discussion

1. One of the major advantages of using synchronous motor is the ability to

control the power factor.
2. In synchronous motor the speed remains constant irrespective of the loads. This
characteristic helps in industrial drives where constant speed is required
irrespective of the load it is carrying. It is also useful when the motor is required
to drive another alternator to supply at a different frequency as in frequency
changes.
3. Synchronous motors can be constructed with wider air gaps than induction
motors which makes these motors mechanically more stable.
4. Synchronous motors usually operate with higher efficiencies (more than 90%)
especially in low speed and unity power factor applications compared to
induction motors.

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