ABLAAL PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL

SUBJECT: PHYSICS

UNIT ONE: QUENTIONS AND ANSWER

1. Where is derived from the word of science?

The word science is derived from the Latin word sciatica which means knowledge.

2. What is science refers to?

Science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge.

3. What used for this system?

This system uses for observation and experiments to describe the natural phenomena.

4. How many parts can be divided science?

a) Biological science: is the science which deals the study of living things.
b) Physical science: is the science which deals with the study of non-living things.
5. What is matter?

Matter is anything which has mass and occupies space.

6. What is physics?

Physics is a branch of natural science that deals with the study of matter, energy and relationship
between them.

7. tell branches of physics:

a) Classical physics
b) Modern physics
8. Differentiate between classical physics and modern physics?
a) Classical physics: physics up to 1900 AD is considered as classical physics.
b) Modern physics: this is the twentieth century physics.
9. State three parts of classical physics? Define?
a) mechanics
b) optics
c) electromagnetism
a) Mechanics: is a branch of physics dealing with motion and forces producing
motion.
b) Optics: is a branch of physics that deals with light and its production.
10. State two parts of modern physics? Define?
a) Solid state physics
b) atomic physics
A) Solid state physics: is a branch of physics which deals with the structure and
properties of solid

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Materials
b) Atomic physics: is a branch of physics which deals with the structure and
properties of atom
11. Define laboratory?

A laboratory is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological

research, experiments and measurements are performed

12. What are the components of a laboratory?

❖ Electrical energy supply
❖ Water and gas piping systems.
❖ Workbenches.
❖ Cabinets for storage of equipment and chemicals.
13. What are the laboratory hazards?
❖ Poisons.
❖ Flammable materials
❖ Explosive materials.
14. Why should we not eat or drink in the laboratory?

To prevent exposure to hazardous chemicals through ingestion

15. Explain the following laboratory hazards:

a) Poisons:
b) Explosive materials
16. Name three Muslim scholars in science
❖ AL-BATTANI
❖ AL-KHWARIZIMI
❖ IBN-AL-HAITHAM
17. Who is the Muslim physicist who invented the laws of reflection and refraction?

IBN-AL-HAITHAM

18. Why do we use goggles in a laboratory?

To protect our eyes from chemicals

UNIT TWO: QUESTION AND ANSWER

1. What are physical quantities?

Physical quantities are anything that you can to measure.

2. If you want to measure mass, what are the steps needed to follow?
✓ We must choose an ideal standard which must be reachable and unchangeable. Such
as kilogram and meter.

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✓ We must know the procedure to compare the quantities with that standard quantity,
for example mass is measured in kilogram.
3. Distinguish between fundamental and derived quantities? Give two examples of each.
a) Fundamental quantities: these are the quantities in terms of which other physical
quantities can be defined
For-example length, mass, time, temperature, electric current, luminous
intensity and amount of substance
b) Derived quantities: these are quantities whose definitions are based on other
physical quantities.
For-example velocity, force, acceleration, work, pressure and etc
4. Explain the meaning of the following terms
a) Measurement: is a technique in which properties of an object are determined by
comparing them to a standard unit.
b) Unit: is the standard quantity used for comparison.
5. Which of the following physical quantities are fundamental and which are derived?

Mass, displacement, electric current, velocity, force, energy, area, distance, momentum, impulse,
density and weight

Fundamental quantities: mass and electric current.

Derived quantities: displacement, velocity, force, energy, area, distance, momentum, impulse,
density and weight.

6. The mass of Omar is 64kg. What will be his magnitude and unit?

Magnitude is 64kg, unit is kg,

7. When the metric system was developed?

The metric system was developed in France in the 1790.

8. When the metric system was revised?

In 1960 the metric system was revised, simplified and renamed.

9. List the types of system of units?

There are two systems of units used in the world

a) SI UNITS (metric system)

b) FPS SYSTEM (British system )

10. List two kinds of metric system?

a) MKS system
b) CGS system

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11. What are the conditions of standard units
➢ Should be a convenient size.
➢ Should not change with respect to time
➢ Should be possible to define without any doubt.
12. Mission the basic quantities and their units.

Base quantity physical Base units

1. Length Meter
2.Time Second
3. Mass Kilogram
4.Temperature Kelvin
5.Electric current Ampere
6.Luminous intensity Candela
7.Amount of substance Mole

13. Define length?

Length is a measure of distance between two points.

14. What is SI unit of length?

The SI unit of length is meter.

15. Define mass?

Mass is a fundamental physical quantity that describes the amount of matter contained in a body

16. What is SI unit of mass?

The SI unit of mass is kilogram (Kg)

17. What is time?

Time is a fundamental physical quantity that describes the duration of events.

18. What is SI unit of time?

The SI unit of time is second (S)

19. What is area?

Area is two dimensional quantity representing amount of surface.

20. What is SI unit of area?

The SI unit of area is square meter (M2)

21. What is volume?

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Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object.

22. What is the SI unit of volume?

The SI unit of volume is cubic metric (M3)

23. Define scientific notation?

Scientific notation is a convenient way of writing very small and very big numbers.

Chapter Exercise
Part one: Multiple choices

1. the unit in which the mass is measured in fps is

a) g b) P c) kg d) m

2. the most convenient unit of mass you can measure a bag of rice is
a) g b) mg c) kg d) none of them

3. the best unit that you can use to measure the length of a pen is
a) mm b) m c) cm d) km

4. the SI unit of density is

a) m3 b) kg m c) kgm3 d )kg/m3

5. Which one of these quantities are derived quantities?

a) Volume and velocity b) length and time
c) Mass and time d)temperature and electric charge
6. Which one of these quantities are fundamental

a) Angle and mass b) time c) a and b d) area

7. One of the British unit of length is

a) Pound b) yard c) pint d) none of them

8. The conversion factor of meter and kilometer is

a) 100 b) 10 c) 0.001 d) 1000

9. 10 inches is equivalent to

a) 2.54cm b) 0.254cm c) 25.4 cm d) all

10. Which quantity has different dimensions:

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a) Work b) energy c) pressure d) torque

Part two: Fill in the blank space

1. The SI unit of solid density is steradian

2. Measurement is very important in science

3. the number of significant figures in 0.00010 are 2SF

4. Area is measures how much space there inside a shape.

5. The two ways of measuring volume depending upon are regular and

irregular

6. the number of significant figures in 2.003 is 4SF

7. the standard form of 0.00000134g of mass a substance is 1.34x10-6

8. the measure of the duration of an event is called time

Part three: Answer the following question

1. State the unit in which the mass is measured in a) Cgs b) SI system.

a) Mass is measured Cgs in Gram(G)

b) Mass is measured SI system in kilogram (Kg)

2. Explain the advantage of units?

The units are used as the standard units of measurement.

3. What is the disadvantage if every country uses its own units?

The disadvantage if every country uses its own units is

❖ Students studying engineering, chemistry, medicine and computer science

cannot use one system of measurement to solve problems and configure
mathematical or scientific results.
4. Differentiate between scalar quantities and vector quantities?

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➢ Scalar quantity: has only magnitude but no direction
➢ Vector quantity: has both magnitude and direction.
5. What is the most important aspect of studying physics?

Physics explore the universe, their investigation range from particles that are smaller than
atoms to stars that are millions and millions of kilometers way. Physics explain the day-to-
day phenomena happening around us.

6. Classify the fundamental and derived quantities?

• Fundamental quantity: Are quantities that are not defined by other physical
quantity.
• Derived quantity: is any unit which can be obtained by the combination of one
or more basic quantity.
7. Define the following
a) Measurement: is a technique in which properties of an object are determined by
comparing them to standard unit
b) Unit: is the standard quantity used for comparison.
8. Demonstrate how the area of a shape can be useful in everyday life?

Area shape can be useful in everyday life as building, farming, science and etc

9. Write the prefix of each of the following numbers

a) 109 prefix is Giga
b) 10-15 prefix is femto
c) 1012 prefix is Tera
10. The speed of light in cm/s is 30,000,000,000 cm/s; write this speed in standard
form?

30,000,000,000 cm/s in standard form = 3x1010cm/s

11. If the area of a farm is 8hecters, express this area in square meter (m 2)

Hectares m2
8hecters= 80,000m2
1heactares =10,000m2

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8hectares = X

Hectares X = 8hectares 10,000m2 = X =80,000m2

Hectares hectares

12. Calculate the area of these shapes then write the size of a carpet that can fir each of
them
4cm
a) A= S2
4cm A= 4cm4cm= 16cm2
b) 10cm A= LW
A= 10cm3cm= 30cm2
3cm

1ocm

1
c) A= bh
2
1
4 A= (3 ) (4)
2
1
A= (12)
2
A= 6
3
13. You have one of these tanks in your house. Find the amount of water you can store
in it in liters

a)

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4m V= LHW

b) V= 10cmx4cmx4cm
5m v= 200m3

10m

2m V= = 𝜋𝑟 2 h

c) V= 3.14 (2m)2 x40m

V= 3.14x4m3x40m
40m v= 502.4m3

Unit 3: Question and answer

Lesson exercise (page 55)

1. Define motion?

Motion is a continuous change in the position of an object

2. What is rectilinear motion?

Rectilinear motion is the motion of a body along a straight line

3. Determiner the non-rectilinear motion?

Non-rectilinear motion: is the motion of a body which is not straight line.

4. Give three examples of rectilinear motion?

❖ A car moving in a straight line,
❖ Man running on straight line
❖ Train rails
5. Give three examples of non-rectilinear motion?
❖ Cars moving in around about
❖ The earth moving round the sun
❖ The moon moving round earth
6. Differentiate between resting body and moving body?

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a. Resting body: when the body does not change its position with respect to the
surrounding
b. Moving body: when the body changes its position with respect to the surrounding
7. Give two examples of resting objects and two examples of moving objects?
The two examples of resting objects is
➢ A car stopped
➢ A bottle put on a table
The two examples of moving objects is
➢ A flaying mosquito
➢ Moving bicycle
8. Differentiate between scalar quantities and vector quantities?
➢ Scalar quantity: has only magnitude but no direction
➢ Vector quantity: has both magnitude and direction.
9. Which objects are in motion and which are in rest?
a. Flaying mosquito: is motion
b. A fixed clock: is rest
c. A simple pendulum: is motion
d. A bottle put on a table: is rest
e. A moving bicycle: is motion
f. A stopped car: is rest
10. Place the physical quantities in the box as either scalar or vector quantities to complete the
table below
Mass displacement electric current velocity force energy
momentum distance impulse area density weight

Scalar quantities Vector quantities

1. Mass Velocity
2. Density Force
3. Energy Momentum
4. Distance Displacement
5. Area Weight
6. Electric current Impulse

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Lesson exercise (page 59)

1. Define the following terms?

a. Distance: is the length between two points.
b. Displacement: is the shortest distance between two points in direction of motion.
2. Differentiate between distance and displacement?
Distance Displacement
Is scalar quantity Is vector quantity
Is always positive Can be positive and negative
Can’t be zero Can be zero

3. Name the physical quantity whose SI unit of m?

The physical quantity whose SI unit m is Length

4. Explain the kind of motion that does pilgrim rotate around the ka’ba.

The kind of motion that does pilgrim rotate around the ka’ba is Counterclockwise

Means in a direction opposite to that in which the hands of a clock rotate as viewed from in front.

5. Ali runs a distance of 100 m toward north and returns to south a distance of 30 m,
Calculate a: total distance b: displacement

➢ Distance: 100m+30m=130m therefore the distance is covered is 130m

➢ Displacement: 100m toward north + 30 south
=100m+ (-30m) = 70m therefore the displacement is 70m.
6. A man walks 10m west and then 10m east. Calculate the distance and displacement he
covered
➢ Distance: 10m west + 10 m east = 20m therefore the distance is 20m
➢ Displacement: 10m+(-10m) =0 therefore the displacement is 0
LESSON EXERCISE (PAGE 66)

1. Define the following terms?

a) Speed: is the distance travelled by the object per unit time.
b) Velocity: is the distance travelled by the body per unit time.

2. What is the speed of a rocket that travels 9km in 10 seconds?

Given

𝑑 90𝑘𝑚
D=9km v= 𝑡 v= 10𝑠
V= 0.9km/s

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T=10s

3. What is the velocity of a jet plane that travels 528 meters in 4 seconds due south?
Given

D= 528m

T= 4s

𝑑
V=? v= 𝑡

528𝑚
V= V= 132m/s
4𝑠

4. How long will your trip take (in hours) if you travel 350 km at an average velocity of 80km/h
due north?

Given

D=350km

S=80km/h

𝑑
T=? T= 𝑠

350𝑘𝑚
T= T=4.375h
80𝑘𝑚/ℎ

5. How far (in meters) will you travel in 3 minute running at a speed of 6m/s?

Given

S= 6m/s

T=3minutes S

T= 180s

D=? D= SxT

D= 6m/s 180s= 1080m d= 1080m

6. A trip from Mogadishu to kismayo takes 12hours. If the distance is 500km, calculate the
average speed.

Given

D=500km

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T=12hr

𝑑
V=? V=
𝑡

500𝑘𝑚
V= V= 41.7km/h
12ℎ

7. How many seconds will it take for a satellite to travel 450 km at a speed of 3000m/s?

Given

D= 450km m

D=450000m

S= 3000m/s

T=?

𝑑
T=
𝑠

450000𝑚
T= t= 150s
3000𝑚/𝑠

8. A doctor advised a diabetic patient to walk 1km every day. If the patient walks 1000m in 30
minutes, what is the speed of the patient in m/s?

Given

D1=1km m= 1000m

D2= 1000m

T=30minutes s=1800s

𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
V= 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆

1000𝑚+1000𝑚 2000𝑚
V= v= 1800𝑠 v=1.2m/s
1800𝑠

9. Mohamed visits his grandmother who lives 7km away from his home. It took him 2 hours to
get there and stayed with her for 3 hours.

What is Mohamed’s average speed for the journey in m/s?

Given

D=7km m=7000m

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T1= 2h TOTAL TIME IS 5HOURS T= 5h s=18000s

T2=3h 2H+3H= 5H

V=?

𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆/𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆

V= 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆

7000𝑚
V= 18000𝑠 v= 0.39m/s

10. Maryam drove a car for 120 km due south at 60 km/h and then 150km due east at 50km/h,
determine
a) The average speed for the whole journey?
b) The magnitude of the average velocity for the journey?

Solution

a) The time t1 to cover 120km at a speed of 60km/h is given by

𝟏𝟐𝟎𝒌𝒎
T1= = 2hours
𝟔𝟎𝒌𝒎/𝒉

The time t2 to cover 150 km at a speed of 50 km/h is given by

𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒌𝒎
T2= = 3hours
𝟓𝟎𝒌𝒎/𝒉

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
❖ Average speed=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

120𝑘𝑚+150𝑘𝑚
Average speed= = 54km/h
2ℎ+3ℎ

b) AC2= AB2+BC2

AC= √1202 + 1502 = √14400 + 22500 = √36900 = 192.1

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
❖ Average velocity =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
192.1𝑘𝑚
❖ Average velocity = = 38.4km/h
5ℎ

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Lesson exercise (PAGE 71)
1. Define the term acceleration?

Acceleration is rate of change of velocity

2. State the units of acceleration?

The units of acceleration is

• m/s2
• km/h2
3. Explain when acceleration remains constant?

Acceleration remains constant when velocity does not increase or decrease

4. A motor car is uniformly retarded and brought to rest from a speed of 108km/h is 15s. Find its
acceleration in m/s2?

Given

5
U=108km/h 108km/h× 18m/s =30m/s

U=30m/s

V=0m/s

T=15s

𝑣−𝑢 0𝑚/𝑠−30𝑚/𝑠 −30𝑚/𝑠

A=? a= a= a= - a=-2m/s2
𝑡 15𝑠 15𝑠

5. A car travelling at 30m/s slows down to stop in 10s. What was its acceleration?

Given

U=30m/s

V=0m/s

T= 10s

A=?

𝑣−𝑢 𝑜𝑚/𝑠−30𝑚/𝑠 −30𝑚/𝑠

A= a= a= a= -3m/s2
𝑡 10𝑠 10𝑠

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6. How much time does it take for a camel to accelerate at 10 m/s 2 from rest to a speed of 30m/s

Given

A=10m/s2

U=0m/s

V=30m/s
𝑣−𝑢
T=? t= 𝑎

30𝑚/𝑠−0𝑚/𝑠 30𝑚/𝑠
T= t= 10𝑚/𝑠2 t= 3s
10𝑚/𝑠2

7. A coach moving from rest speeds up uniformly and reaches a velocity at 90km/h in 10s. Find
the acceleration of the car.

Given

U=0m/s

5
V=90km/h 90km/h× 18m/s

T=10s

A=?

𝑣−𝑢 25𝑚/𝑠−0𝑚/𝑠 25𝑚/𝑠

A= a= = a= a=2.5m/s2
𝑡 10𝑠 10𝑠

8. A mini bus is moving rightward but speeding up or accelerating. Since the car is moving is a
positive direction and speeding up, find the acceleration
a) When time is between 1s—2s
b) When time is between 5s—6s

Time (S) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Velocity (m/s) 0 3 8 21 48 70 120
Solution

a) 1s—2s

𝑣−𝑢 8𝑚/𝑠−3𝑚/𝑠 5𝑚/𝑠

A= a= a= a= 5m/s2
𝑡 2𝑠−1𝑠 1𝑠

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b) 5s—6s
𝑣−𝑢
A=
𝑡

120𝑚/𝑠−70𝑚/𝑠 50𝑚/𝑠
A= a= a= 50m/s2
6𝑠−5𝑠 1𝑠

Lesson exercise (PAGE 77)

1. State the three motion equations?
❖ 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
1
❖ 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2
❖ 𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
2. What do we mean by the initial velocity and final velocity?
❖ Initial velocity= is the velocity which the body has in the beginning of the given time
period
❖ Final velocity= is the velocity which the body has at the end of the given time period.
3. A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly over a time of 5.21 seconds for a distance of
110m. determine the acceleration of the car

Given

U=0m/s

T=5.21s

S=110m

𝟏
A=? 𝒔 = 𝒖𝒕 + 𝟐 𝒂𝒕 𝟐

1
110m=0m/s× 5.21𝑠+ a (5.21s) 2
2

1
2 ×110m= a x 27.1441× 2
2

220m=a x 27.1441s2
220𝑚
A= 27.1441𝑠2 a= 8.10m/s2

4. A car starts form rest and accelerates at 9.54m/s 2 for 6.5seconds. What is the distance
covered by the car?

Given

U=0m/s

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A=9.54m/s2

T=6.5s

𝟏
D=? 𝒔 = 𝒖𝒕 + 𝟐 𝒂𝒕 𝟐
1
S=0m/s×6.5s+ 2 × 9.54m/s2 (6.5s) 2
1
S=2 ×9.54m/s2×42.25s2
S=4.77m/s2×42.25s2 S=201.5m

5. An eagle flies at a velocity of 40m/s toward mark district; it accelerates at 15m/s 2. Calculate
the final velocity after 10 seconds.

Given

U=40m/s

A= 15m/s2

T= 10s

V=? 𝒗 = 𝒖 + 𝒂𝒕

v= 40m/s+ (15m/s)(10s) v= 40m/s+150m/s=190m/s v=190m/s

6. A racing car accelerates uniformly from 18.5 m/s to 46.1 m/s in 2.47 seconds. Determine the
acceleration of the car and the distance travelled?

Given

U=18.5m/s

V=46.1m/s

T=2.47s

A=?

𝑣−𝑢 46.1𝑚/𝑠−18.5𝑚/𝑠 27.6𝑚/𝑠

A= a= = a= a=11.17m/s2
𝑡 2.47𝑠 2.47𝑠

7. An airplane accelerates down a runway at 3.20m/s 2 for 32.8s until it finally lifts off the ground.
Determine the distance travelled before take-off.

Given

U=0m/s

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A=3.20/s2

T=32.8s

𝟏
S=? 𝒔 = 𝒖𝒕 + 𝟐 𝒂𝒕 𝟐

1
S= 0m/sx32.8m/s+ 2 x 3.20m/s2 x (32.8m/s) 2

1
S= x 3.20m/s2 x 1075.84s2 s= 1.6m/s2 x 1075.84s2 s=1721.344m
2

8. Derive the following equations

a) V=u+at
b) V2=u2=2as

Solution

a) V=u+at
𝐴 𝑣−𝑢
= = v-u=at v=u+at
1 𝑡

b) V2=u2+2as

𝑣+𝑢 𝑣+𝑢 𝑣−𝑢 𝑣 2 −𝑣𝑢+𝑣𝑢−𝑢 2 𝑠 𝑣 2 −𝑢 2

S=[ ]xT s=[ ][ 𝑎 ] s= = v2-u2=2as
2 2 2𝑎 1 2𝑎

v2=u2+2as
9. A snail covers a distance of 100m in 50h. calculate the average speed of snail in km/h

Given
D=100m into km
D=0.1km
T=50h
𝑑 0.1𝑘𝑚
V=? v= 𝑡 v= v=0.002km/h
50ℎ

10. If a sprinter runs a distance of 100m in 9.83s, calculate his average speed in km/h

Given

D=100m into km

D=0.1km

T=9.83s into Hour

T=0.002730556h

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V=?

𝑑
V=
𝑡

0.1𝑘𝑚
V= 0.002730556ℎ = v= 36.6226km/h

Form 1-B Page 20