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Topologies

This document discusses various network topologies. It defines a network topology as the physical and logical arrangement of nodes and connections in a network. It then lists and provides brief descriptions of several common network topologies: point-to-point, mesh, star, bus, ring, tree, and hybrid. For each topology, it outlines some of their key characteristics and features.

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23 views

Topologies

This document discusses various network topologies. It defines a network topology as the physical and logical arrangement of nodes and connections in a network. It then lists and provides brief descriptions of several common network topologies: point-to-point, mesh, star, bus, ring, tree, and hybrid. For each topology, it outlines some of their key characteristics and features.

Uploaded by

asadasghar1009
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Abdul Rehman

2020-ag-6458
BSIT (7th)

Network Topology

A network topology is the physical and logical arrangement of nodes and connections in a
network. Nodes usually include devices such as switches, routers and software with switch and
router features. Network topologies are often represented as a graph.

Types of Network Topology


 Point to Point Topology
 Mesh Topology
 Star Topology
 Bus Topology
 Ring Topology
 Tree Topology
 Hybrid Topology

Point to Point Topology

Point-to-Point Topology is a type of topology that works on the functionality of the sender and
receiver. It is the simplest communication between two nodes, in which one is the sender and
the other one is the receiver. Point-to-Point provides high bandwidth.

Mesh Topology
In a mesh topology, every device is connected to another device via a particular channel. In
Mesh Topology, the protocols used are AHCP (Ad Hoc Configuration Protocols), DHCP
(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), etc.

Star Topology
In Star Topology, all the devices are connected to a single hub through a cable. This hub is the
central node and all other nodes are connected to the central node. The hub can be passive in
nature i.e., not an intelligent hub such as broadcasting devices, at the same time the hub can be
intelligent known as an active hub. Active hubs have repeaters in them. In Star Topology, many
popular Ethernet LAN protocols are used as CD (Collision Detection), CSMA (Carrier Sense
Multiple Access), etc.
Bus Topology
Bus Topology is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to a
single cable. It is bi-directional. It is a multi-point connection and a non-robust topology because
if the backbone fails the topology crashes. In Bus Topology, various MAC (Media Access
Control) protocols are followed by LAN ethernet connections like TDMA, Pure Aloha, CDMA,
Slotted Aloha, etc.

Ring Topology
In a Ring Topology, it forms a ring connecting devices with exactly two neighboring devices. A
number of repeaters are used for Ring topology with a large number of nodes, because if
someone wants to send some data to the last node in the ring topology with 100 nodes, then the
data will have to pass through 99 nodes to reach the 100th node. Hence to prevent data loss
repeaters are used in the network.
The data flows in one direction, i.e., it is unidirectional, but it can be made bidirectional by
having 2 connections between each Network Node, it is called Dual Ring Topology. In-Ring
Topology, the Token Ring Passing protocol is used by the workstations to transmit the data.

Tree Topology
This topology is the variation of the Star topology. This topology has a hierarchical flow of data.
In Tree Topology, protocols like DHCP and SAC (Standard Automatic Configuration) are used.

Hybrid Topology
Hybrid topology is the combination of two or more networks. The network type could be Star,
Ring, Bus, or Mesh. However, in most cases, only the Star and Ring topologies are used to
create a Hybrid network.

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