Institute Of Aviation Year: 2021/ 2022

Engineering & Technology Second Year - 1st Term

Mechanical Engineering Fluid Mechanics (MPE 202)
Department Sheet (1) Introduction and Fluid
Properties

(1) A spherical air bubble rises in water. At a depth of 9 m, its diameter is 4 mm. What is
the diameter just as it reaches the free surface where the pressure is 101.3 kPa? (surface
tension effects are negligible)

(2) At the foot of a mountain a mercury barometer reads 740 mm, and a similar barometer
at the top of the mountain reads 590 mm. What is the approximate height of the
mountain, assuming that the density of air is constant and equal to 1.225 kg/m3. (Hg =
13600 kg/m3)

(3) What would be the barometric pressure reading, in mm Hg, at an elevation of 4 km in

the U.S. standard atmosphere?

(4) The container shown has a circular cross-section: (a) what is the downward force on
the plane EF? (b) Is the force on EF equal to, greater than, or smaller than the weight
of water?

(5) The two open tanks have the same bottom area, A, but different shapes. When the depth,
h, of a liquid in the two tanks is the same in accordance with
P1 = h + P2
the pressure on the bottom of the two tanks will be the same. However, the weight of
the liquid in each of the tanks is different. How do you account for this apparent
paradox?
(6) The figure shows a servicing hoist for a car. The fluid pressure exerted by the piston at
A is felt instantaneously at B. Why? If the diameters of pistons at A and B are 5 cm
and 30 cm; respectively, what is the weight of the man needed to support a car of weight
1000 kgf?

(7) The basic elements of a hydraulic press are shown. The plunger has an area of 1 in2,
and a force, F1, can be applied to the plunger through a lever mechanism having a
mechanical advantage of 8 to 1. If the large piston has an area of 150 in2, what load,
F2, can be raised by a force of 30 lb applied to the lever? Neglect the hydrostatic
pressure variation.

(8) A 0.3 m diameter pipe is connected to a 0.02 m diameter pipe and both are rigidly held
in place. Both pipes are horizontal with pistons at each end. If the space between the
pistons is filled with water, what force will have to be applied to the larger piston to
balance a force of 90 N applied to the smaller piston? Neglect friction.
(9) The hydraulic jack shown is filled with oil having SG = 0.90. Neglecting the weight
of the two pistons, determine the force F on the handle which is required to support
the 2000 lbf weight

(10) Develop an expression for the pressure variation in a liquid in which the specific
weight increases with depth, h, as  = kh + o, where k is a constant and o is the
specific weight at the free surface.

(11) What pressure must be applied to water (𝐸𝑣 = 2.2 × 109 𝑝𝑎) to reduce its volume
by 1%?

𝑑𝑉
(12) The bulk modulus of elasticity K is defined by 𝑘 = − 𝑑𝑃/ show that it is
𝑉
𝑑𝜌
equivalent to 𝑘 = 𝑑𝑃/ where 𝑃 the pressure, 𝜌 is the density and 𝑉 is the volume.
𝜌

(13) Eight kilometers below the surface of the ocean, the pressure is 81.7𝑀𝑃𝑎.
Determine the specific weight of the sea water at this depth if the specific weight at the
surface is 10.06 𝐾𝑁/𝑚3 and the average bulk’s modulus of elasticity is 2.34 𝐺𝑃𝑎.
Assume that 𝑔 does not change significantly.

(14) A thin plate moves between two parallel, horizontal flat surfaces at a constant velocity
of 5 𝑚/𝑠. The two surfaces are spaced 4 𝑐𝑚 apart, the plate is 1𝑐𝑚 apart from the top
surface and the medium between them is filled with oil whose viscosity is 0.9 𝑁. 𝑠/𝑚2 .
the part of the plate immersed in oil at any given time is 2 𝑚 long and 0.5 𝑚 wide. If the
plate moves between the surfaces, determine the force required to maintain this motion if:
(a) Both upper and lower surfaces are stationary.
 (b) The upper surface moves at velocity = 2 𝑚/𝑠 in the same direction as plate where
the lower surface remains stationary.

(15) Fluid flow through a circular pipe is one-dimensional, and the velocity profile for
𝑟2
Laminar flow is given by 𝑢(𝑟) = 𝑢max(1 − ) , where 𝑅 is the radius of the pipe, 𝑟 is
𝑅2
the radial distance from the center of the pipe, and 𝑢max is the maximum flow velocity,
which occurs at the center, given that 𝑅 = 0.08 𝑚, 𝑢max= 3 𝑚/𝑠 and µ =
0.001𝑘𝑔/𝑚. 𝑠

Determine: (a) The shearing stress acting on the pipe wall.

(b) The shearing stress acting on a plane parallel to the pipe walls and passing through the
centerline (mid-plane).
(c) Given the pipe length= 30 𝑚, calculate the drag force applied by the fluid on
pipe.

(16) A 25 𝑚𝑚-diameter shaft is pulled through a

cylindrical bearing as shown in the figure. The
lubricant that fills the 0.3 𝑚𝑚 gap between the
shaft and bearing is an oil having a kinematic
viscosity of 8.0 × 10−4 and a specific gravity of
0.91.
Determine the force 𝑃 required to pull the shaft at
a velocity of 3 𝑚/𝑠. Assume the velocity
distribution in the gap is linear.
 (17) The viscosity of a fluid is to be measured by a
viscometer constructed of two 40 𝑐𝑚 long concentric
cylinders as shown in the figure.The outer diameter of
the inner cylinder is 12 𝑐𝑚, and the gap between the
two cylinders is10 𝑚𝑚.
The inner cylinder is rotated at 300 𝑟𝑝𝑚, and the
torque is measured to be1.8 N.m, Determine the
viscosity of the fluid.

(18) Oil of viscosity µ fills the gap ℎ which is very small,

calculate the torque 𝑇 required to rotate the cone at constant
speed 𝜔.

(19) In some damping systems, a circular disk immersed in oil is used as a damper, as
shown in Figure. Show that the damping torque is proportional to angular speed in
accordance with the relation,

Where C equal to,

Assume linear velocity profiles on both sides of the disk and neglect the tip effects.