International Journal of

INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS IN

ENGINEERING
ISSN:2147-67992147-6799 www.ijisae.org Original Research Paper

Applications of Integration and Differentiation in Real Life

Zakieldeen Aboabuda Mohammed Alhassn1 Ali and Mona Yahya S Alfefi2

Submitted: 15/11/2022 Accepted: 23/02/2023

Abstract: In this paper we will learn about how differentiation and integrations can be applied in real life situations, definite integral,
indefinite integral, formulas of integration, characteristics of integration and what is the use of integration in real life.

Keywords: Differentiation Calculus, Integration Calculus

1.Introduction: convergence of infinite series.

Integration is employed to address two distinct types of • It studies limit, derivatives, integration, smoothness,
Problems involving the derivative of a function, or its and aquatic series, a science that studies and
rate of change, are the first type. We know the function, analyses in functions, calculus in uses, plans,
or the slope of its graph, and we wish to find it. As a sciences, oceanography, oceanography, and
result, we’re required to reverse the differentiating problems that algebra simply cannot solve.
process anti- is the term for this reversal procedure.
• Calculus is usually studied after the basics of
finding an indefinite integral, differentiation, or finding a
algebra, geometry and trigonometry.
primitive function.
• By the conclusion of the seventeenth century,
The second sort of problem entails adding up a large
infinite calculus was independently invented.
number of very little amounts (and then reaching a limit
as the size of the quantities approaches zero while the • Integration between integration and differentiation.
number of terms approaches infinity). The definite is
• There is evidence from history that integration is
defined as a result of this process. integral definite
used in some other way to calculate area and
integrals are used to calculate area, volume, gravity
volume.
centre, and moment of inertia. inertia, force-driven work,
and a variety of other applications. • Beginning with the ancient Egyptians and then the
Greeks used integration, then the old method they
We will explain the history of calculus and the study were using was developed by Archimedes, who
between them as follows: introduced the method of exhaustion to the science
of integration.
• Calculus is calculus in Latin, it studies the
• The scientist Isaac Newton and the scientist
continuous math of change in the way geometry is,
Gottfried Leibniz developed the principles invented
and the two branches of calculus are integration
by Archimedes, and Ibn al-Haytham was able in the
reflects the process of differentiation. Islamic era to develop the science of integration, and
• Differentiation is concerned with instantaneous then after that the Chinese, after that the science of
changes, and the slopes of curves, while integration integration and differentiation was translated and
is concerned with the accumulation of quantity, and taught to the West and the development of
the areas under or between curves. mathematics and physics in which integration and
differentiation are involved in a large way.
• The two branches are linked by fundamental theory,
and they make use of the basic concepts of (1.1) Definition:
1
Deanship of the Preparatory Year, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz Integration is the process of bringing together distinct
University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia. data. The integral is used to determine the functions that
Email: [email protected] will characterise the area, displacement, and volume of a
2
University of Tabuk
collection of small data that cannot be measured
Correspondents Authors: Zakieldeen Aboabuda Mohammed Alhassn Ali
[email protected]

International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering IJISAE, 2023, 11(4s), 611–615 | 611
individually. The concept of limit is used in calculus to (2.1) Example:
construct algebra and geometry in a broad sense. Limits
Find the Area under the curve of a function 𝑓(𝑥) = 7 −
assist us in analysing the outcome of points on a graph, 𝑥 2 , where −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
such as how they go closer to each other until their
Solution:
distance is nearly zero. There are two sorts of calculus
𝑏
that we are aware of.
𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 (4)
•Differential Calculus 𝑎

𝑑
•Integral Calculus 𝐴 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 (5)
𝑐
The concept of integration was created to address the
following issues: In this example, we use (4), (i.e. x-axis)
2
•When the derivatives of the problem function are
𝐴 = ∫ (7 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 18 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
known, find it. −1

•Under specific constraints, find the region limited by the (2.2) Example:
graph of a consists The “Integral Calculus,” which
Find the Area of the region bounded above by: 𝑦 = 𝑥 +
includes both definite and indefinite integrals, was born
6 , bounded below by:
out of these two issues. The Fundamental Theorem of
Calculus connects the concepts of differentiating and 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and bounded on the sides by the line 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 =
integrating functions in calculus. 2.
(1.2) Derivative of 𝑓(𝑥): Solution:
𝑏
If 𝑓(𝑥) is a real function, we define the derivative of
𝐴 = ∫ |𝑦1 −𝑦2 | 𝑑𝑥 (6)
𝑓(𝑥) by the limit: 𝑎

𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑎) − 𝑓(𝑥) Or:

𝐿 = lim (1) 𝑑
𝑎→0 𝑎
𝐴 = ∫ |𝑥1 −𝑥2 | 𝑑𝑦 (7)
Where this limit is exist. 𝑐

(1.3) Define Integral: In this example, we use (6) (i.e., x-axis)

2
The top and lower bounds are both contained in a 34
𝐴 = ∫ (𝑥 + 6 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
definite integral. Only a true line is allowed for 𝑥 to lie 0 3
on. The Riemann Integral is another name for the
(2.3) Example:
Definite Integral.
Evaluate the area of one left of the rose 𝑟 =
The following is the representation of a definite Integral: 𝜋
sin 3𝜃,between 𝜃 = 0, 𝜃 =
𝑏 3
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (2) Solution:
𝑎

(1.4) Indefinite Integral: We use this equation.

𝑏1
Without upper and lower boundaries, indefinite integrals 𝐴 = ∫𝑎 𝑟 2 𝑑𝜃 (8)
2
are defined. It’s written like this:
Then:
∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹(𝑥) + 𝑐 (3) 𝜋
31 𝜋
𝐴=∫ (sin 3𝜃)2 𝑑𝜃 =
0 2 12
The integrand is the function 𝑓(𝑥), where 𝑐 is any
constant. (2.4) Example:
2.What is the use of Integration in Real Life? Evaluate the arc length of the curve of the semi-cubical
parabola 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 3 , between the two point (1,1) and (4,8)
Real-world applications of integrals include engineering,
where engineers employ integrals to establish the (a) With respect to 𝑥:
geometry of a structure. In physics, it's employed to
Solution:
describe the center of gravity among other things. Three-
dimensional models are presented in the subject of We use:
graphical representation.
International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering IJISAE, 2023, 11(4s), 611–615 | 612
 𝑏 (2.5) Example:
𝑑𝑦 2
𝐿 = ∫ √1 + ( ) 𝑑𝑥 (9)
𝑎 𝑑𝑥 Find the area of the surface that is generated by rotating
the portion of the curve.
Then:
𝑦 = 2√𝑥, 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2, about the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.
4
9 1
𝐿 = ∫ √1 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = (80√10 − 13√13) Solution:
1 4 27
𝑏
(b) With respect to 𝑦 : 𝑑𝑦
𝑆 = ∫ 2𝜋𝑦√1 + ( )2 𝑑𝑥 (11)
𝑎 𝑑𝑥
Solution:
We use: 𝑑
𝑑𝑥
𝑆 = ∫ 2𝜋𝑥√1 + ( )2 𝑑𝑦 (12)
𝑑 𝑐 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝐿 = ∫ √1 + ( )2 𝑑𝑦 (10)
𝑐 𝑑𝑦 In this case we use (11), (with respect to 𝑥), then.

Then: 2
1
𝑆 = ∫ 2𝜋(2√𝑥)√1 + ( )2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
4 −2 40√40 13√13 1 𝑥
𝐿 = ∫ √1 + (𝑦) 3 𝑑𝑦 = −
𝑐 9 27 27 8𝜋
= (3√3 − 2√2) 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3
(2.6) Example:
By using integration to find the area of the shaded region in the figure below about x-axis.

Solution: Area of required region is:

8−𝑥 4
The given line is 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = , thus the given 8−𝑥
2
𝐴=∫ 𝑑𝑦 = 5 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
line is the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), using equation (4) 2
2

(2.7) Example:
By using integration find the area of the region bounded by the parabola 𝑦 2 = 16𝑥 and line 𝑥 = 4

4 4 4
Solution:
𝐴 = 2 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ 4√𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 8 ∫ √𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Area of the required region by using equation (4)
0 0 0
is: 16 2 4 128
𝐴= [𝑥 3 ] = 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
3 0 3
(2.8) Example:

International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering IJISAE, 2023, 11(4s), 611–615 | 613
Find the area of the region that is enclosed between the curves 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 6

Solution: Calculate the integral if 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑘𝑧,where 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤

4,0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 4,0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 4.
The graph of the region from figure shows that the lower
boundary is 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and the upper boundary is 𝑦 = 𝑥 + Solution:
6. We must find the endpoints of the region, the upper
We use this equation.
and lower boundaries, which have the same y-
𝑏 𝑑 𝑚
coordinates, so we equate tow equations 𝑦 =
𝐴 = ∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 (14)
𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 6. 𝑎 𝑐 𝑛

These yields Now we apply in (14)

2 4 4 4
𝑥 =𝑥+6
𝐴 = ∫ (∫ (∫ 𝑘𝑧 𝑑𝑥)𝑑𝑦))𝑑𝑧 = 128𝑘
𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0 0 0 0

𝑥 = −2, 𝑥 = 3 There is a lot of importance of integration applications in

mathematics, and for people in practical life, we will
we get the area: explain as follows:
3
• It helps analyze systems and find the best solutions
𝐴 = ∫(𝑥 + 6 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 to predict the future.
−2
• It helps and plays an important role in practical life,
2 3
𝑥 𝑥 3 45 such as solving areas of overlapping shapes.
𝐴=[ + 6𝑥 − ] = 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
2 3 −2 2 • Use integration to find the volume of an object with
curved sides.
There are many applications for integration into one
• Integration is also used to find the midpoint of a
variable, and we will suffice with this, for example, but
given area of a solid with two curved sides.
not exclusively, and we will move in the next paragraph
• Integration is used to find the volume of a solid with
to applications for functions that are in more than one
curved sides.
variable.
• Integration is used to calculate the mean of the
3.Some Example of Application of Integration on curve.
more than one Variable
4.Some Example of Application of Derivative:
(3.1) Example:
Derivatives have many uses outside of only mathematics
Calculate the integral if 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦 2 ,where 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ and everyday life, including in subjects like science,
2,0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1. engineering, physics, and others. You must have
mastered the ability to calculate the derivative of a
Solution:
variety of functions in earlier courses, including
We use this equation. trigonometric functions, implicit functions, logarithm
𝑏 𝑑 functions, etc. You will discover how derivatives are
𝐴 = ∫ (∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥)𝑑𝑦 (13) used in relation to mathematical ideas and in actual
𝑎 𝑐
situations in this part.
Now we apply in (12)
In general, we can say that:
2 1
2
𝐴 = ∫ (∫ (𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = • Using graphs to determine business profit and loss.
3
0 0
• In order to measure temperature variation.
(3.2) Example: • To calculate the rate of travel, such as miles per hour
or kilometres per hour.
International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering IJISAE, 2023, 11(4s), 611–615 | 614
• Several equations in physics are derived using • Calculus and integration are used to solve systems of
derivatives. differential equations that are used in modeling
• While studying seismicity, it's interesting to discover infectious diseases, through which we can predict to
the earthquake's magnitude range. determine the type of disease (considered a health
application)
(4.1) Example
• Calculus is used in modelling that conceders them
Show that the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥, is increasing with mechanics and electricity to produce a car that
on 𝑄,where 𝑥 ∈ 𝑄. travels the longest possible period by consuming the
least petroleum materials for the longest possible
Solution:
period (considered an engineering application).
𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2 > 0, ∀𝑥 6. Conclusion:
𝑑𝑥
This mean that 𝑦 is increasing function. We have been exposed to a few applications of calculus,
for example only, and not exclusively.
(4.2) Example
We will consider this paper as an introduction to a large
The tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 5, parallel to the series of applications that will see the light soon.
line 2𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 1, also passes through a point. Find the
coordinates of the point. Acknowledgment

Solution: ‘’This study is supported via funding from Prince Sattam

bin Abdulaziz University Project number
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑥 − 5 , 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑥1 ⇒ = 2 ⇒ 2𝑥1 = 7 ⇒ 𝑥1 (PSAU/2023/R/144)’’
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
7 References
=
2
[1] Banach, S. (1931), "Uber die Baire'sche Kategorie
7 7 1 gewisser Funktionenmengen", Studia Math., 3 (3):
𝑦1 = ( )2 − 5 ( ) + 5 = −
2 2 4 174–179, doi:10.4064/sm-3-1-174-179.. Cited
1 7 by Hewitt, E; Stromberg, K (1963), Real and
𝑦+ = 2 (𝑥 − ) ⇒ 4𝑦 + 1 = 8𝑥 − 28
4 2 abstract analysis, Springer-Verlag, Theorem 17.8
⇒ 8x − 4y − 29 = 0 [2] Apostol 1967, §4.18
1 [3] Manuscript of November 11, 1675 (Cajori vol. 2,
⇒ x = , 𝑦 = −7, satisfies the equation. page 204)
3
[4] "The Notation of Differentiation". MIT. 1998.
5. Some applications that do not need to be
Retrieved 24 October 2012.
prove and we can understand directly
[5] Evans, Lawrence (1999). Partial Differential
• When you understand information that you did not Equations. American Mathematical Society.
understand before, this is an example of a function p. 63. ISBN 0-8218-0772-2.
because the field and the corresponding field have [6] Kreyszig, Erwin (1991). Differential Geometry.
changed, and it is an application from real practical New York: Dover. p. 1. ISBN 0-486-66721-9.
life. [7] Integration Calculus, Basic Science Department
• When the car is moving at a speed, this is an Preparatory Year Deanship.
application of the differential. [8] Deferential Calculus, Basic Science Department
• When a car that was traveling at a certain speed Preparatory Year Deanship.
stops, this is an application of integration.

International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering IJISAE, 2023, 11(4s), 611–615 | 615