PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES c.

Double bifurcation
d. lake
1. In forensic science, this is simply answering the
question “what is it?” 10. A ______________is where the ridge path divides
a. enumeration and one branch comes to an end (leg is shorter).
b. identification a. spur
c. verification b. friction ridges
d. supplementation c. delta
d. appendage
2. It is the first governmental recognized school to
teach the science of fingerprints and other police 11. Type lines or _________________are two
sciences. innermost ridges which start parallel, diverge, and
a. University of Manila surround or tend to surround the pattern area. They
b. Plaridel Educational Institute serve as basic boundaries of a fingerprint pattern.
c. Ateneo de Manila a. double bifurcation
d. University of Cebu b. skeleton of pattern
c. divergence
3. The configuration and details of individual ridges d. trifurcation
remain constant and unchanging.
a. Principle of Contrast 12. It is a point on the ridge formation at or directly in
b. Principle of Individuality front or near the center or the divergence of the type
c. Principle of permanency lines.
d. Principle of reliability a. core
b. type lines
4. Damage to the epidermis alone does not result to c. pattern area
permanent ridge destruction, while damage to the d. delta
dermis will result to permanent ridge destruction.
a. yes 13. The core is placed upon or within the innermost
b. no sufficient recurve.
c. true a. yes
d. false b. no
c. true
5. The unknown area of friction ridge structure (latent d. false
impression) must be examined. The specific area of
the finger, palm or sole of the foot suspected of 14. When the innermost sufficient recurve contains
making the impression is determined. The clarity of a/an ____________of rods rising as high as the
the impression and the variety of details present are shoulder, the core is placed upon the two center rods
established. being treated as though they were connected by a
a. analysis recurving ridge.
b. comparison a. odd number
c. evaluation b. even number
d. verification c. uneven number
d. equal number
6. What are those that are sometimes referred to as
papillary or epidermal ridges?
a. latent ridges 15. If the ridge enters the pattern area below the
b. friction ridges divergence of the type lines, the delta must be
c. dermal ridges located at the end nearer to the core.
d. fingerprints a. yes
b. no
7. It is the science which deals with the study of the c. true
pores found on the papillary or friction ridges of the d. false
skin for the purpose of identification.
a. Podoscopy 16. The forms of delta are the following, except:
b. Cheiloscopy a. dot
c. Chiroscopy b. ending ridge
d. Poroscopy c. lake
d. bifurcation
8. The width of the friction ridges varies in different
areas as well in different people. In general, they are 17. A loop is ___________when the opening end of
narrower in females and wider in males. the loop ridge points in the direction of the thumb
a. friction ridge breadth side of either the left or right hand.
b. incipient friction ridges a. radial
c. friction ridge imbrications b. ulnar
d. double bifurcation c. central pocket
d. accidental
9. A _____________is a bifurcation which does not
remain open but which the legs of the bifurcation 18. A fingerprint pattern in which there are two deltas
after running along side for a short distance come and in which at least one ridge makes a turn through
together to form a single ridge once more. one complete circuit. Imaginary line drawn between
a. Bifurcation the two deltas must touch or cross at least one of the
b. Trifurcation circuiting whorl ridges within the pattern area.
a. central pocket loop whorl of the right hand but excluding the right and left little
b. double loop whorl fingers.
c. plain whorl a. final classification
d. accidental whorl b. primary classification
c. key classification
19. A fingerprint pattern consisting of two separate d. secondary classification
and distinct loop formation. One of the loop
surrounds or overlaps the other, also called 27. Impression of the finger bulbs with the use of
“composite patterns” like the central pocket loop printing ink on the surface of the paper. Other
whorl. It arises from the fact that these patterns are a coloring materials may be used but they are less
composite or combination of two patterns in one with visible and indelible.
two cores and two deltas. a. real impression
a. central pocket loop whorl b. chance impression
b. double loop whorl c. latent impression
c. plain whorl d. invisible impression
d. accidental whorl
28. Chance prints have three types, except:
20. It refers to the formula derived for the complete a. visible
set of ten fingerprint patterns or the arrangement of b. plastic
fingerprint records into groups or subgroups for filing c. latent
purposes. d. NOTA
a. blocking
b. verification 29. These are patterns that do not have definite
c. analysis identification. These patterns may seem to have
d. classification characteristics of two or more types of fingerprint
patterns.
21. For the purpose of obtaining the primary a. questionable patterns
classification, numerical values are assigned to each b. accidental loop
of the ten finger spaces whenever a whorl appears. c. double loop
a. yes d. questionable whorl
b. no
c. true 30. If one finger is amputated, it is given a
d. false classification identical with that of the opposite finger,
including pattern and ridge count, or tracing, and
22. A/ An ______________of one is always added referenced to every other possible classification.
to the sum of the numerator and the denominator to a. yes
avoid a classification of “zero over zero”. b. no
a. normal count c. true
b. secondary count d. false
c. arbitrary count
d. regular count 31. What is the symbol for tented arch in the
Secondary Classification?
23. He is a British Anthropologist and Biologist who a. X
published his study on classification and filing system b. C
using all the ten (10) fingers. He assigned the patterns d. A
in to three (3) general types: Arches, Loops and d. T
Whorls. He said that the possibility of two prints being
alike was 1:65,000,000,000. 32. Fingerprint patterns like arches and whorls are
a. Marcelo Malpighi located in the:
b. Francis Galton a. core
c. Edward Richard Henry b. delta
d. Johannes Purkinje c. pattern area
d. terminus
24. In the Sub-Secondary Classification, when the
right ring finger contains a loop with a ridge count of 33. A person with the condition called polydactylism
10, it is classified as: has extra:
a. outer a. hands
b. meeting b. arms
c. inner c. finger/s
d. any of these d. foot

25. In ridge tracing, when the ridge bifurcates, the 34. It is the skeletal finger covered with friction skin. It
tracing is continued on the lower branch of the is made up of three bones.
bifurcation. a. joints
a. yes b. ridges
b. no c. palmar
c. true d. phalange
d. false
35. In fingerprint patterns, do plain whorls always
26. This represents the ridge count of the first loop have two deltas?
appearing in a set of prints, beginning with the thumb a. yes
b. no
c. true d. outer ridges
d. false
45. How many standard fingerprint patterns are
36. __________ are tiny portions or is a hill-like there?
structure found on the epidermis of friction skin a. 12
containing sweat, with pores appearing as black lines b. 9
in a fingerprint impression. c. 8
a. imaginary lines d. 10
b. furrows
c. black lines 46. The basic elements of whorl are:
d. ridges a. two or more deltas
b. at least one complete circuiting ridge
37. Is a protein dye, which can be used to develop c. core
latent prints made with blood stained friction skin. It is d. both a and b
necessary to take sample of bloodstains for typing
before using this. 47. What do you call the separating or spreading
a. black powder apart of two ridges that were previously running side
b. cyanoacrelate by side?
c. amino black a. disjunction
d. white powder b. divergence
c. convergence
38. In ridge tracing, when tracing suddenly ends, the d. looping
tracing is continued on the ridge below it.
a. yes 48. When there is a choice between a bifurcation and
b. no another type of delta equally close to the point of
c. true divergence, the bifurcation is selected.
d. false a. yes
b. no
39. Narrow and often fragmented ridges may appear c. true
between normal friction ridges. These are called d. false
rudimentary, or nascent ridges. They differ from the
typical ridge by being thinner and fragmented. 49. The upper ten impressions in the fingerprint card
a. friction ridge breadth are taken individually. These are referred to as the
b. incipient friction ridges ___________.
c. friction ridge imbrications a. rolled impression
d. double bifurcation b. plain impression
c. slapped impression
40. When the innermost sufficient recurve contains no d. flat impression
ending ridge or rod rising as high as the shoulder of
the loop, the Core is placed on the shoulder of the 50. It refers to a bone condition wherein the finger
loop farther from the Delta. joints cannot be bent.
a. true a. ankylosis
b. false b. chiroscopy
c. partially true c. calcar
d. partially false d. webb finger

41. Which of the following is a type of secondary 51. This includes relating to or dealing with the
classification? application of scientific knowledge to legal problems.
a. by slant line to the left a. forensic science
b. all of these b. forensic
c. by slant line to the right c. chemistry
d. by small letters d. all of the above

42. It represents all fingerprint patterns that appear 52. It refers to the insertion on a fingerprint card the
in the Index finger of both hands. It must results of the interpretation of all ten
be written in capital letter. patterns. Represented by letters, symbols or numbers
a. second secondary classification on the card required for each of the rolled prints.
b. first secondary classification a. blocking out
c. second sub-secondary classification b. ridge counting
d. third secondary classification c. ridge tracing
d. classification
43. How many ridge counts must a pattern have, to
be a loop? 53. Fingerprints are already formed about 3 to 4
a. 2 months of intra-uterine life and remain unchanged
b. 5 throughout life until the final decomposition of the
c. 1 body after death.
d. 10 a. Principle of Contrast
b. Principle of Individuality
44. The core and delta are also termed as: c. Principle of permanency
a. focal points d. Principle of reliability
b. inner terminus
c. pattern area
54. It constitutes approximately 65% of all fingerprint 63. Fingerprints left on various surfaces at the crime
patterns. scene which are not clearly visible.
a. arch a. chance prints
b. loop b. plastic prints
c. whorl c. visible prints
d. none of these d. latent fingerprints

55. There are how many types of impressions 64. The result of the comparison is the making of a
involved in taking fingerprints? conclusion. The general fingerprint community refers
a. 3 to the conclusions drawn as being one of the choices.
b. 4 First, the two impressions (latent fingerprint and the
c. 2 known fingerprint) were made by the same finger of
d. 1 the same person.
a. analysis
56. Ninhydrin is used to develop prints on absorbent b. comparison
materials and it is applied using the following, except: c. evaluation
a. brushing d. verification
b. blowing
c. soaking 65. Is the Key Classification placed on the leftmost
d. spraying corner and numerator of the classification line?
a. yes
57. In taking fingerprints ________ are rolled away b. no
from the body of the subject. c. true
a. all fingers d. false
b. all finger except the thumbs
c. both thumbs 66. The impressions left by the patterns of ridges and
d. both little fingers depressions on various surfaces:
a. tire prints
58. Known for his rule which states that “No two b. impressions
individuals in the world are exactly the same size” and b. ridges
that human skeleton does not change after 20 years. d. fingerprints
a. Darwin
b. Mendel 67. A fingerprint pattern in which the ridges form a
c. Galton sequence of spirals around core axes.
d. Bertillon a. double loop whorl
b. whorl
59. Simply means the naming of a fingerprint pattern. c. ulnar loop
Loop (either radial or ulnar), Arch (plain or tented) or d. radial loop
whorl (plain, central pocket loop) whorl, double loop
whorl or accidental whorl). 68. A fingerprint pattern which one or more ridges
a. blocking enter on either side of the impression by a recurve,
b. classifying and terminate on the same side where the ridge has
c. recording entered.
d. interpretation a. double loop whorl
b. loop
60. In determining the identity of an unknown dead c. ulnar loop
body found in a river, wherein no identifying papers d. radial loop
are to be found, and the body is badly mutilated and
swollen, which among the following means of 69. A _____________is a bifurcation where one of
identification is least dependable? the ridge path bifurcates.
a. fingerprints a. trifurcation
b. tattoo markings on the body b. type lines
c. scars on the body c. double bifurcation
d. measurement of the body d. divergence

61. In reporting a missing person, which among the 70. Latent prints are made through which of the
following is the most vital information necessary to following?
locate the said person? a. Ridge of the skin
a. clinical or medical history of the person b. ridge formation
b. personal traits and habits c. furrows of the skin
c. mental attitude and condition at the time of the d. perspiration on top of the finger
disappearance
d. physical description 71. In PC, the value of Finger no. 7 when it contains a
whorl pattern is:
62. The palm is the front part of the hand, while a. 1
_________ is the back side of the hand. b. 2
a. corium c. 3
b. mortem d. 4
c. dorsal
d. dactyl 72. Once the fingerprint has been visualized, it must
be preserved by:
a. lifting the impression
b. developing the latent print a. include the core and delta
c. photography b. exclude the delta
d. all of these c. exclude the core and delta
d. include the core but exclude the delta
73. In taking the fingerprint of dead bodies where
rigor mortis has not yet started, what should the 82. Ridge tracing for whorls always starts from the
operator do? extreme left delta and the:
a. Massage the fingers to make them flexible a. type line below it
b. submerge the forearm in warm water b. first ridge below it
c. soak the fingers in strong ammonia c. recurving ridge below it
d. air is injected on the edge of the finger d. any ridge below it

74. The active substance found on Super Glue, Mighty 83. A fingerprint pattern which form the most part of
Bond and similar products utilized in gas method of a loop, but which has a small whorl inside the loop
developing latent impression is: ridges, sometimes called a “composite pattern” which
a. victoria blue means that it is made up of two patterns in one, a
b. ninhydrin whorl inside a loop.
c. cyanoacrylate a. central pocket loop whorl
d. all of the above b. double loop whorl
c. plain whorl
75. The little white lines that are found on a d. accidental whorl
fingerprint that look like scars or blisters are called:
a. creases 84. In the PC, all fingers are used but only whorl
b. furrows patterns are considered using the assigned numerical
c. ridges values. The whorl patterns are considered:
d. M- line a. non- numerical patterns
b. with numerical count
76. Can a person be compelled to be fingerprinted? c. numerical patterns
a. True, if the person is under a legal arrest. d. arbitrary patterns
b. False. If the person is forced, the one compelling
him violates the person’s constitutional rights against 85. When the innermost sufficient contains an uneven
self- incrimination. number of rods rising as high as the shoulders, the
c. Yes, if the person is under a legal arrest. core is placed upon the end of the center rod whether
d. No. If the person is forced, the one compelling him it touches the looping ridge or not.
violates the person’s constitutional rights against self- a. yes
incrimination. b. no
c. true
77. A bifurcation, ending ridge, converging ridge, d. false
short ridge or dot is taken as a delta if it is located at
the heart of the pattern. This statement is: 86. In recording fingerprint impressions, it involves
a. yes two methods such as the plain and rolled impression.
b. no In the second method, the inking and printing should
c. true reach:
d. false a. below the terminal phalange of the fingers
b. below the second joint of the fingers
78. Mark Twain informally introduced dactyloscopy in c. from the tip to the first joint of the fingers
the US through his book and novel, Pudd’n Head d. below the middle phalange of the fingers
Wilson that pointed out the:
a. Principle of Contrast 87. The following are the equipment in taking
b. Principle of Individuality fingerprints, except:
c. Principle of permanency a. fingerprint roller
d. Principle of infallibility b. operator
c. card holder
79. In fingerprint comparison done by an expert, he d. ink slab
has to identify a required number of points of
comparison. What number of points should be 88. Fingers that are excessively perspiring are wiped
identified by him? with alcohol before recording the prints, while fingers
a. not fixed that are very dry should be rubbed with the following,
b. 10- 12 points except:
c. 15- 20 points a. oil
d. 10- 15 points b. grease
c. cream
80. A diverging ridge consists of two ridges running d. lotion
side by side, while a converging ridge consists of two
or more lines forming an: 89. Too much ink will obliterate the ridges. Ridges
a. curve that cannot be seen and counted is caused by:
b. right angle a. dark ink
c. angle b. light ink
d. shoulder c. insufficient ink
d. incorrect kind of ink
81. In ridge counting, a line is drawn between the
delta and the core. In counting the ridges:
90. Visible prints are latent prints that can be seen by b. never aid in the operation
the naked eye. These do not require developing. The c.. join the operation
proper procedure to preserve it is by: d. never move his hands in the operation
a. photographing
b. lifting 100. Almost every police and law enforcement
c. developing agencies throughout the world accept, adopt, and
d. sketching utilize fingerprint system as a means of absolute
identification of a person. This concept is under what
91. In the physical method of developing latent principle?
prints, if the surface is dark, the powder used is white a. Principle of Contrast
and when the surface is white, the powder to be b. Principle of Individuality
applied is black. What is the principle applied in this c. Principle of permanency
method? d. Principle of reliability
a. Principle of contact
b. principle of adherence FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
c. principle of contrast 1. It is an electromagnetic radial energy to
d. principle of powdering which excites the retina of the eye and
makes things visible.
92. Where can you find the classification line in the
fingerprint card? a. invisible light
a. upper rightmost corner b. rainbow
b. upper leftmost corner c. infrared
c. bottom rightmost corner d. light
d. upper rightmost corner

93. The point at which the recurving ridge of a loop

2. The following are primary colors, except:
type pattern definitely turns inward.
a. recurve a. blue
b. arch b. yellow
c. shoulder c. green
d. spike d. red

94. A short ridge at the top or summit of a recurve

usually at right angles. 3. Is the distance between the center of the lens
a. upthrust and the film plane when the lens is focused at
b. staple infinity.
c. spur
a. depth of field
d. appendage
b. angle of view
95. In strict usage, it is the ultimate abbreviation of
c. focus
ridge structure, a unit bearing but one sweat pore.
a. island d. focal length
b. enclosure
c. pore
d. incipient ridge 4. Is a medium or a system which converge or
diverge rays of light passing through it and it form
96. The following fingers are included in the an image.
numerator of the Primary Classification. Which one is a. camera
not included? b. lens
a. finger number 2 c. shutter
b. finger number 5
d. any of these
c. finger number 8
d. finger number 10
5. The inability of a lens to project a sharply focused
97. In comparing a latent print and an actual print, image of both vertical and horizontal lines upon the
what are to be considered are the: same plane, at one lens to image distance.
a. number of points of comparison a . astigmatism
b. completeness of the latent print
b. flare
c. clarity of the impression
c. chromatic aberration
d. ability of the fingerprint expert to prove that a
latent print is the same with the actual print d. distortion

98. The following are the means of personal 6. The inability of a simple lens to bring the different
identification, except: wavelengths (colors) of white light to a focused on
a. tattoo the same plane is called:
b. polygraphy
a . astigmatism
c. fingerprint
d. DNA b. flare
c. chromatic aberration
99. The operator, in recording fingerprint impression d. distortion
should advice the subject to relax his fingers and:
a. assist the operator
7. This exhibits itself as a misty haze, or a cloudy d. optics
semicircular patch of light, which may cover part or all
of the image. When it appears as a small pear-shaped 15. This is a light tight box machine use to record an
bright spot it is called coma. image through the aid of a sensitize materials if lights
a . astigmatism is allowed to pass into it.
b. flare a. camera
c. chromatic aberration b. lens
d. distortion c. shutter
d. film holder
8. Provides sufficient contrast to compensate for very
thin or weak negatives. It is useful in printing 16. The light-gathering power of the lens is indicated
silhouettes and other such pictures in which high by
contrast is desired. a. f-number
a. Velox No. 4 b. relative aperture
b. Velox No. 5 c. both a and c
c. Velox No. 6 d. none of these
d. Velox No. 0
17. This is the means by which the object distance is
9. It is mounted over the opening at the front of the established or calculated to form a sharp image.
camera body. Its function is to produce an image on a. depth of field
the film at the back of the camera by gathering and
b. angle of view
focusing the rays of light from the object.
a. camera c. focus
b. shutter d. focal length
c. lens
d. aperture
18. It deals with the photographing the scene of
10. The opening of the lens that control rays of light the crime on details of perpetuated crime.
passing through it. a. crime scene photography
a. diaphragm b. photography
b. shutter c. surveillance photography
c. aperture d. traffic accident photography
d. shutter speed
19. In case of death by hanging, the photograph of
11. The sensitized film or paper usually contains silver
the victim while still hanging should be taken in
halides in gelatin on acetate, polyester or paper. This
relation to the distance between the feet and the
is called:
floor.
a. emulsion
b. base a. yes
c. anti-halation backing b. no
d. film cover c. true
d. false
12. This is the result of both mechanical and chemical
process of photography.
20. This type of photography deals with the
a. police photograph
application of macro- photography so as to produces
b. forensic photograph
an enlargement of finger print for comparison
c. photograph
purposes.
d. picture
a. finger print photography
b. fingerprinting
c. fingerprint recording
13. This is the component of the emulsion that is
d. micro fingerprinting
sensitive to light.
a. silver halides
21. In crime scene photography, the photographs
b. base
should have the following standards, except:
c. anti-halation baking
a. relevant
d. aperture
b. distortion-free
c. prejudicial
14. It is the study of light. It is concerned with the
d. accurate representation
nature of light and the way it behaves in optical
instruments
22. In a stake out surveillance photography, where
a. hallucination
the photographer cannot get close to the subject,
b. delusion
what kind of lens must be used?
c. mirage
a. normal b. light write
b. telephoto c. writing
c. wide-angle lens d. light drawing
d. zoom
30. It is the art or science of photographically
documenting a crime scene and evidence for
23. In crime scene processing, all evidence must be laboratory examination and analysis for purposes of
photographed only after the collection. court trial.
a. yes a. police photography
b. forensic photography
b. no
c. photography
c. true d. any of these
d. false

24. Photograph the scene in a 31. This year is generally known as a birth year of
_______________before altering the body's position photography.
or any other evidence within the scene. a. 1839
a. clockwise pattern b. 1856
b. counterclockwise pattern c. 1997
c. whole pattern d. 2006
d. zone pattern
32. The following are the proper manner of caring
25. Photograph the scene from at and handling of camera, except:
least_________________, but from all four corners is a. Must be carried using a portable bag or built-in
even better. This way, nothing is missed or hidden container to avoid dust and dirt.
from view by intervening objects. b. Must be kept dry and avoided contact with water
a. 10 opposite corners and other liquid substances.
b. 5 opposite corners c. Must be repaired only by qualified technician.
c. 2 opposite corners d. Must be cleaned by oil.
d. 4 opposite corners
33. It serves as the barriers of the rays of light that
26. In homicide investigation involving photography, will enter and affect the film inside the camera. It is
do not remove anything until its location and position usually placed at the path of the light passing thru the
have been sketched and photographed. lens.
a. yes a. camera
b. lens
b. no
c. shutter
c. true d. any of these
d. false

27. Aerial photographs of the crime scene and escape 34. This is the smallest and simplest type of camera.
route should be taken, _________________. This is also known as instamatic camera.
a. necessarily a. view finder type
b. readily
b. view or press type camera
c. when possible and practicable
d. as a requirement c. special cameras
d. TLR
28. As a general rule, in case of warrantless seizures
such as a buy-bust operation, the physical inventory
and photography shall be conducted at the 35. This happens when there is a difference between
___________________. what the view finder on a point and shoot camera
a. place where the search warrant was served sees and what the lens sees (and thus records on
b. nearest police station film). At close shooting distances, the difference can
c. place where the arrest was made cause you to crop off the top of a subject's head.
d. place of the drug lord a. aberration
b. parallax
29. Under the literal definition of photography, the
word photography is derivative of two Greek words; c. distortion
phos which means “light” and graphia meaning d. any of these
“write”. Therefore, photography best translates to
_________________.
a. write with light
36. This is the biggest and most sophisticated among b. DIN 15
the different type of camera. This type of camera is c. DIN 30
practically useless for candid and action photography. d. DIN 33
a. view finder type
44. This lens is called a positive or converging lens.
b. view or press type camera This lens is always thicker at the center and thinner at
c. special cameras the sides.
a. convex lens
d. TLR
b. concave lens
c. plain lens
37. These are cameras that have been devised that
d. lens
offer unique advantage or serve special purposes.
Among them are: a. polaroid, b. panoramic cameras,
45. These objects allow light to pass, however diffuse
c. aerial cameras, d. miniature and ultra-miniature
it sufficiently that objects on the other side may not
cameras e. digital cameras.
be clearly distinguished. In some cases, the objects
a. view finder type on the other side may be recognizable but sharp
b. view or press type camera detail and outlines are obscured.
a. translucent objects
c. special cameras
b. opaque objects
d. TLR c. transparent objects
d. semi-opaque objects
38. This usually serves as the aperture stop, and
controls the aperture. This functions much like the iris 46. This is considered to be the first application of
of the eye. It controls the effective diameter of the photography is police work.
lens opening. a. record purposes
a. diaphragm b. personal identification
b. shutter c. personal record
c. aperture d. mugshot
d. shutter speed
47. A lighting condition where objects in open space
39. Assuming that you are a patrol officer, what type cast a deep and uniform or distinct shadow.
of crime scene will you photograph even though there a. ambient light
is no SOCO involved? b. artificial light
a. vehicular accident scene c. lamp
b. infanticide scene d. bright sunlight
c. homicide scene
d. parricide scene 48. Light sources of this category are manmade and
is divided into continuous radiation and short
40. When light passes through an object, it is said to duration.
be : a. ambient light
a. transmitted b. artificial light
b. refracted c. lamp
c. diffracted d. bright sunlight
d. absorbed
49. It is the conversion of latent image in an emulsion
41. The widest aperture on a lens might be f/2, into visible image.
whilst the smallest aperture available may be a. fixing
_______. b. printing
a. f/8 c. development
b. f/12 d. adjustment
c. f/ 26
d. f/22 50. It is an optical device that projects an image of its
surroundings on a screen. It is used in drawing and
for entertainment and was one of the inventions that
42. The light sensitivity of the film is determined led to photography. It is the forerunner to the
through its ________________. photographic camera.
a. f-stop a. camera obscura
b. shutter speed b. camera
c. aperture c. photograph
d. ISO d. picture

43. What is the equivalent of ASA 25 in DIN Rating? 51. It is what the photographer looks through to
a. DIN 18 compose and in many cases to focus, the picture.
a. screen d. ten feet or more
b. view finder
c. lens 59. __________________of the overall scene
d. camera fundamentally are taken to portray the areas as if a
person viewing the scene is seeing it from the
52. It is the common appearance of red pupils in standing position.
color photographs of eyes. It occurs when using a a. medium view
photographic flash very close to the camera lens in b. close-up view
ambient low light. c. general view
a. red effect d. extreme close- up view
b. eye effect
c. red eye effect 60. The part of the scene that appears behind the
d. pupil effect principal subject of the picture.
a. subject
53. This is a cellulose tape embedded with sensitized b. pre-subject
solution capable of recording images thru light. c. background
a. shutter d. depth of field
b. film
c. emulsion 61. This is a photographic apparatus used to expose
d. photographic paper sensitized film or plates to reflected light images
formed by a lens. Also, an electronic device to change
54. It is photographing of object at greater that 1:1 film or live action into video signals.
ratio up to nine (9) times magnification. It is the a. camera
making of enlarge copies of prints such as b. lens
photographs of tampered serial number of firearms, c. shutter
engine number and chassis number of motor vehicle d. any of these
and the like.
a. macro photography
b. micro photography 62. This is considered to be the utmost used of
c. close- up photography photography in police work.
d. extreme close-up photography a. record purposes
b. personal identification
55. It is the process of taking photographs of the c. personal record
suspect/s in full length, half body, right and left side d. mugshot
views, and two quarter views.
a. rogue’s gallery 63. It deals with photographing hidden objects
b. crime photography or things.
c. mug-shot a. x-ray photography
d. ant of these b. police photography
c. x-ray
56. This is the distance between the nearest and the d. infra-red photography
farthest objects in apparent sharp focus when the
lens is focused at a given point. 64. It is defined as an Art or Science of reproducing
a. depth of field image by the action of light on sensitized material
with the aid of an image forming device known as
b. angle of view
camera and the chemical process involved therein.
c. focus a. police photography
d. focal length b. forensic photography
c. photography
57. It is either film and paper. In the film type d. any of these
camera, it is always film. Now on digital, it is
electronic memory. 65. This is a file of photographs of arrested
a. photo paper individuals; usually includes full face and profile
b. film photographs (mug shots) along with detailed physical
c. sensitized materials description, age and place of birth, Social Security
d. memory number, fingerprint classification, nicknames and
aliases, modus operandi, etc. (also called mug shot
58. Close-up range photographs are normally taken file).
approximately _______________from the subject a. rogue’s gallery
matter. b. crime photography
a. five feet or less c. mug-shot
b. ten feet d. any of these
c. ten to twenty feet
66. This part of the camera is very essential because inventory and photography must be conducted in the
of its capability to exclude all unwanted light that may place where the search warrant was served.
expose the sensitized materials or film. It is an a. yes
enclosure that is devoid of light.
b. no
a. lens
b. shutter c. true
c. film holder d. false
d. light tight box
74. This term describes an image or part of an
image that shows crisp, precise texture and detail.
67. Shutter speed is the action of the shutter that The opposite of blurred or soft.
controls the duration of an exposure. The faster the a. sharp
speed, the shorter the exposure. b. focused
a. yes c. focus
d. ultra-focus
b. no
c. true 75. This is a lens with a fixed focal length. These
d. false lenses cannot zoom.
a. ultra lens
68. This is a secretive, continuous, and sometimes b. fish eye lens
periodic visual documentation of activities involving c. prime lens
persons, places, or objects of importance to an d. zoom lens
investigation.
a. crime scene photography
b. photography 76. Isaac Newton in 1666 proved that the
c. surveillance photography ____________which men see as is actually a mixture
d. traffic accident photography of all colors of the spectrum.

69. This results in insufficient light exposing the film. a. white light
A condition in which too little light reaches the film
producing a thin negative, a dark slide, or a muddy- b. black light
looking print.
a. underexposure c. ambient light
b. washed out
c. overexposure d. visible light
d. aberration
77. It refers to the total amount of light entering the
70. This is commonly designed in laboratory camera, essentially how bright your image is.
photographing using some magnification such as a. range
photomacrography and photomicrography. b. ambience
a. medium view c. exposure
b. close-up view d. film speed
c. general view
d. extreme close- up view
78. An invisible light with the wavelength between .01
to 30 millimicrons. It was incidentally discovered by
71. He is an American who is considered the
Conrad Welhelm Roentgen. This type of light works in
advocate of police/forensic photography. He is also
the principle of shadow photography.
known as the Father of Police/Forensic
Photography.
a. infrared
a. Edward Burke
b. Edward Henry
c. William Herschel b. x-ray
d. Alphonse Bertillon
c. UV light
72. Is the rate of travel of light per second.
a. speed d. visible light
b. fast
c. force 79. It has an ultra-wide field of view, like 12mm. The
d. ampere photography angle of view is usually 100-180
degrees.
73. In cases involving violation of RA 9165, if the a. ultra lens
seizures are covered by search warrants, the physical b. fish eye lens
c. prime lens
d. zoom lens c. UV light

d. visible light
80. This is the translation of a Japanese word for
blur. In photography terms, ___________refers to
the out-of-focus areas or out-of-focus point of light in 86. In the term camera obscura, obscura means
a picture’s background as well as the other creamy _______________.
blurriness in a background.
a. hole
a. bokeh

b. kami b. pinhole

d. filter
c. camera
d. vignetting
d. dark chamber

81. The hour after sunrise or before sunset.

Landscape photographers often chase this because of
the sun’s low light angle.
87. The main light source for a photograph. It could
a. blue hour be the sun, a studio strobe, a flash, a reflector, or
b. happy hour something else. It’s the source that produces the
pattern of light on the subject with the most intensity.
c. photo hour

d. Golden hour a. key light

b. ambient light
82. This deals with the photographing of traffic
incident or occurrence especially in a vehicular
c. visible light
accident.
a. crime scene photography
b. photography d. invisible light
c. surveillance photography
d. traffic accident photography
88. The chief attribute of this camera is its ability to
deliver a complete processed print almost
83. Glass discs or squares that attach to the end of immediately after exposure.
your lens to change the light coming into the a. view finder camera
camera. Different types of this changes the light in b. SLR
different ways. c. polaroid
d. press type of camera
a. bokeh

b. zoom 89. It is a wavelength emitted by the sun which

cannot be seen, tough we can feel it in our bodies as
d. filter
warmth or heat.
d. vignetting a. infra-red
b. ultra-violet light
c. natural light
84. This is the mechanical device inside a camera lens
d. man-made light
that controls the aperture.
a. diaphragm
90. The speed of light measured in a vacuum is
b. shutter
approximately________?
c. aperture
a. 180,000 miles/sec.
d. shutter speed
b. 230, 000 km/sec
c. 300,000 km/sec
d. all of these
85. It refers to the type of radiation having a
wavelength of 400 to 700 millimicrons designed for 91. It is another form of light that we cannot see, but
ordinary photographing purposes. we know about it because it tans our skin in summer.
a. infra-red
a. infrared b. ultra-violet light
c. natural light
b. x-ray d. man-made light
92. It refers to the sensitivity of the film to b. refraction
wavelength or color. c. transmission
a. speed d. absorption
b. spectral sensitivity
c. granularity 100. The lower the f-number, the more light per unit
d. graininess area is delivered in the focal plane.
a. true
93. One of photography guidelines in natural b. partially true
disaster is to search and locate cadavers. Put a c. false
Cadaver Tag on every dead body and d. partially false
photograph/video it WITHOUT the tag number on
it. FORENSIC BALLISTICS

a. yes 1. The metallic or non-metallic objects propelled from

b. no a firearm.
a. gun
c. true
b. projectiles
d. false c. cartridge
d. ammunition
94. It is the focal setting for the diaphragm controlling
2. The movement or action of projectiles launched
the size of the aperture; the higher the number, the
from firearms is called:
smaller the aperture opening.
a. velocity
a. f-stop
b. range
b. shutter speed c. terminal ballistics
c. aperture d. motions
d. ISO
3. From the release of the firing pin to the moment
95. The first photographic process. the sound of the shot can be heard as it leaves the
a. calotype process muzzle occupies only about 0.01 seconds, in a
b. daguerreotype process modern rifle, is the sequence in:
c. collodion process a. forensic ballistics
d. gelatin dry plate silver bromide process b. ballistics
c. interior ballistics
96. This is an art or science which deals with the d. exterior ballistics
study of the principles of photography, the
4. Things involved in interior ballistics, except:
preparation of photographic evidence, and its
a. Ignition of primer
application to police work.
b. Flames is produced
a. police photography
c. Combustion of the gunpowder
b. forensic photography d. Effect of bullet on the target
c. photography
d. any of these
5. This is the greater distance a projectile can travel
97. What color of photographic paper is usually used when fired at the optimum angle of elevation of the
in police photography? barrel.
a. range
a. peach b. trajectory
c. propellant
d. maximum range
b. gray
6. As applied to ballistics, or to any other subject,
c. white suggest a relationship to Courts of Justice and legal
proceedings.
d. cream a. ballistics
b. forensic ballistics
98. It is the bouncing back of light upon hitting an c. forensic
object or material. d. science
a. reflection
7. In Section 877 Revised Administrative Code and
b. refraction
Section 290 of National Internal Revenue Code, the
c. transmission
barrel of any firearm shall be considered a complete
d. absorption
firearm.
a. yes
99. The change of direction of light that passes b. no
through an object or material. c. true
a. reflection
d. false a. primer
b. gunpowder
8. What do you call the firearms that have no rifling c. cartridge case
(lands and grooves) inside their gun barrel? d. ammo
a. smooth bore firearms
b. rifled firearms 17. This contains a small amount of explosive mixture
c. rifle which is sufficiently sensitive to result chemical
d. pistol reaction being set up by the caused by a sudden
blow.
9. It refers to those types of firearms that propels a. priming mixture
projectile with more than one-inch diameter. b. gunpowder
a. hand gun c. black powder
b. small arms d. smokeless powder
c. artillery
d. rifled firearm 18. It is the science of analyzing firearms
usage in crimes. It involves analysis of bullets
10. The diameter of the rim is greater than the and bullets impact to determine information of
diameter of the body of the cartridge case. use to a court or other part of legal system.
a. rimmed type a. forensic ballistics
b. rimless type b. ballistics
c. semi- rimmed c. interior ballistics
d. rebated type d. exterior ballistics

11. A type of cartridge in which the primer cup forced 19. It is the process by which an object moves
into the middle portion of the head of the cartridge through an atmosphere by generating
case. aerodynamic lift and propulsive thrust using
a. rim-fire cartridge buoyancy or by ballistic movement without any
b. rifled cartridge direct solid mechanical support from the ground.
c. rimmed cartridge a. flight
d. center- fire cartridge b. trajectory
c. range
12. This bullet contains a mixture such as d. wound ballistics
phosphorous or other materials, that can be set on
fire by impact. They are used against target that will 20. This is the path that a moving object follows
burn readily such as aircraft. through space as a function of time.
a. armor-piercing bullet a. flight
b. incendiary bullets b. trajectory
c. tracer bullet c. range
d. dummy bullet d. wound ballistics

13. It is the metallic or non- metallic tabular container 21. This involves analyzing firearm, ammunition
usually made of brass (70% copper and 30% zinc); it and tool mark evidence in order to establish
is designed to unite the bullet, primer and the whether a certain firearm or tool was used in the
gunpowder into one unit. commission of a crime.
a. cartridge case a. shot ballistics
b. shell b. wound ballistics
c. casing c. ballistic fingerprinting
d. all of the above d . transition/intermediate ballistic

14. Most center-fire rifle cartridge cases are 22. The deposits of unburned powder residue in
of_______. the bore of a gun is called:
a. bottleneck type a. fouling
b. straight cases b. patch
c. long neck c. gauge
d. short neck d. blowby

15. This is a type of cartridge commonly found 23. What is the metal tube through which the
ammunitions for rifle. bullet is fired?
a. tapered type a. barrel
b. bottle- neck type b. bore
c. straight case c. frame
d. NOTA d. chamber

16. It is the assembly which ignite the propellant. It 24. A type of bullet in which the front is
consists of a brass or guiding-metal cup that contains flattened.
a primer composition pellet of sensitive explosive, a a. shots
paper disk (foil), and a brass anvil. b. rifle
c. slug 33. This is a portion of a firearm's mechanism
d. wad-cutter which pulls the cartridge case from the chamber.
a. extractor
25. It is the portion of the gun which is held or b. ejector
shouldered. c. muzzle blast
a. barrel d. muzzle wave
b. magazine
c. trigger guard 34. This is essentially two microscopes
d. butt connected to an optical bridge which allows the
viewer to observe two objects simultaneously
26. This is the diameter of the bore measured with the same degree of magnification.
from land to land, usually expressed in a. telescope
hundredths of an inch (.22 cal) or in millimeters b. microscope
(9mm). c. comparison microscope
a. caliber d. horoscope
b. lands and grooves
c. rifling 35. These may be in any form, since the name
d. radius has been applied to all homemade guns. A great
many of this class will be found to be
27. This is a synonym for a handgun that does exceedingly clever mechanisms and most
not have a revolving cylinder. effective weapon.
a. revolver a. zip guns
b. rifled firearms b. paradox guns
c. rifle c. multi-barreled guns
d. pistol d. flare guns

28. What is the escaping of gases past a fired 36. Shall mean loaded shell rifle, muskets,
bullet while the bullet is still in the barrel? carbine, shotguns, revolver and pistol from which
a. fouling a bullet, ball, shot, shell or other missiles may be
b. patch fore by means of a gun powder or other
c. gauge explosives.
d. blowby a. ammunition
b. gunpowder
29. The air that is compressed and moves out c. gun
spherically from a firearm’s muzzle after firing a d. propellant
projectile.
a. extractor 37. This is a bullet made from paraffin and
b. ejector other wax preparation usually used for short
c. muzzle blast range indoor target shooting.
d. muzzle wave a. fired bullet
b. tracer bullet
30. This is a plastic, paper or fiber disk used to c. wax bullet
keep ammunition components in place or d. armor-piercing bullet
separated.
a. cartridge case 38. It is an instrument used for the propulsion of
b. wads projectile by means of the expansive force of gases
c. primer coming from the burning gunpowder.
d. shots a. bullet
b. firearm
31. It is a discipline of forensic science which c. small arms
has as its primary concern to determine if a d. grenade
bullet, cartridge case, or other ammunition
component was fired by a particular firearm. 39. This deals with the destructive actions and effects
a. forensic ballistics that occur at the end of the projectiles flight as an
b. firearms identification integral and un-deformed body and may end in one of
c. interior ballistics these: the projectile may strike a solid obstruction, or
d. exterior ballistics Its metal case may be broken by the explosion of a
bursting charge.
32. This are the collection and cataloging of test- a. velocity
fired bullets and cartridge cases from known b. range
firearms. Also known as Fired standards. c. terminal ballistics
a. questioned standards d. motions
b. evidence standards
c. known standards 40. Every bullet leaves its thumb marks on every
d. crime bullets barrel which is fired through it, just as every
breech face leaves its thumb marks on the base
of every fired cartridge case.
a. yes 48. It is a circumferential groove generally of
b. no a knurled or plain appearance on a bullet or
c. true cartridge. These three uses including crimping,
d. false lubrication and identification.
a. ricochet
41. This is the part of cartridge which when ignited b. ogive
is converted to high pressure and propels the c. extractor groove
bullet or shot through the barrel and on the target. d. cannelure
a. primer
b. gunpowder 49. This is a piece of cloth used with a rod to
c. cartridge case clean the bore of a firearm.
d. ammo a. fouling
b. patch
42. Mark the bullet at the rifling marks by c. rag
scratching the investigators initials, but definitely d. blowby
not at the o give (or nose).
a. yes 50. What do we call an oblong or an oval hole in
b. no a target that is produced by an unstable bullet
c. true striking the target at an oblique angle to the
d. false bullets?
a. ricochet
43. This is generally used in the preliminary b. yaw
examination of fired bullets and fired shells. To c. wabbling
determine the location of the extractor marks d. keyhole
and ejector marks for orientation purposes. It
can be used also in one close-up examination of 51. It is an obsolete barrel designed in which the
tampered serial numbers of firearms. major length of the barrel is smooth and last few
a. comparison microscope inches are rifled.
b. stereoscopic microscope a. musket
c. microscope b. paradox
d. magnifying glass c. multi-barreled guns
d. flare guns
44.____________is one of the means to obtain
test bullets and test shells because the 52. This is a general term used to indicate
microscope marks on the cylindrical or peripheral in a shot smaller than buckshot.
surface of the bullets are preserved for good a. pellet shot
used. The same is true with cotton. b. shot gun
a. sand c. buckshot
b. soil d. bird shot
c. water
d. air 53. The oldest propellant powder that consists of
irregular grains and have either a dull or shiny black
45. This more or less determines the weight of surface is:
the bullets, shots and pellets for possible type, a. priming mixture
caliber and make for firearm from which they b. gunpowder
were fired. c. black powder
a. ruler d. smokeless powder
b. analytical balance
c. weighing scale 54. What is the amount of force on the
d. scale firearm that causes sear release?
a. hair trigger
46. Which of the following is used for b. trigger pressure
determining the diameter of the bore of c. trigger guard
the firearms? d. trigger
a. taper gauge
b. ruler 55. A type of license which allows a citizen to own
c. tape measure and possess a maximum of fifteen guns.
d. meter a. type 1
b. type 2
47. In determining the speed or muzzle velocity c. type 3
of the bullet, what is being used? d. type 4
a. comparison microscope
b. twist 56. Grain is used to measure the weight of the:
c. chronograph a. bullet
d. rifling b. cartridge case
c. gunpowder
d. primer
 c. rifle
57. It is the portion of the cartridge case that is bent d. shotgun
inward to hold the shot in place.
a. case 66. The rear end of the bullet aside from spinning
b. primer may also vibrate vertically or sideways in its flight.
c. crimp a. forward movement
d. wads b. spinning movement
c. tumbling movement
58. It is the curved portion of a bullet forward of the d. wabbling movement
bearing surface.
a. ricochet 67. The branch of ballistics that involves muzzle blast,
b. ogive muzzle energy, trajectory, range, velocity and air
c. extractor groove resistance.
d. cannelure a. interior ballistics
b. exterior ballistics
59. This refers to the part of the cartridge case that is c. terminal ballistics
occupied by the bullet. d. internal ballistics
a. rim
b. vents 68. It refers to the cylindrical passage of a barrel
c. crimp through which the bullet travels.
d. cannelure a. groove
b. bore
60. It is the opening or canal that connects the c. lands
priming mixture with the gunpowder. d. barrel
a. vents
b. neck 69. In the bore of a barrel the, depressed portion
c. flash hole are the grooves and raised portions are the
d. both a and c lands. Is this correct?
a. yes
61.The mechanism in a firearm the causes the empty b. no
shell or cartridge case to be thrown out of the c. true
firearm. d. false
a. extractor
b. ejector 70. If you recovered a rimmed fire cartridge case, you
c. muzzle blast are certain that it came from:
d. muzzle wave a. rifle
b. revolver
62. The secret of good shooting form is: c. submachine gun
a. proper sighting d. pistol
b. relaxed and natural position
c. firing slowly and carefully 71. A portion of the cartridge case that is impressed
d. keeping the thumb along the hammer by the firing pin is called the:
a. primer
63. In injuries caused by the use of firearm where b. case
there is no gunshot wound of exit, the best c. shell
explanation that may be offered is: d. bullet
a. The bullet is still inside the body of the
victim 72. Late in the 18th century, Benjamin Thompson
b. The bullet has exited from one of the normal made the first attempt to measure the pressure
external orifices generated by gunpowder. The account of his
c. The bullet might have undergone a process of experiments was the most important contribution to:
disintegration while inside the body a. interior ballistics
d. The bullet did not hit the target b. exterior ballistics
c. terminal ballistics
64. Double action firearm has a mechanism that: d. internal ballistics
a. manually cocks the hammer
b. needs magazine before firing 73. The speed per unit of time of M16 is 3,300 ft/ sec.
c. requires trigger to be pressed twice This refers to:
d. automatically cocks then releases the a. Fire power
hammer b. velocity
c. energy
65. One of the following is the only muzzle loading d. all of these
firearm that is with a smoothbore barrel
characteristic. It was originally a sharpshooter’s 74. An arbitrary index of the quickness that burning
weapon. propellant changes into gas. It is the rate controlled
a. musket by the chemical composition, the size and shape of
b. matchlock
the propellant grains, and the pressure at which the 83. A dead person was found with a contact gunshot
burning takes place. wound in the right temple and the fatal gun tightly
a. gas powder gripped by the right hand. Such condition is called:
b. burning rate a. rigor mortis
c. propulsion rate b. post-mortem rigidity
d. bulk density c. cadaveric spasm
d. death stiffening
75. Any bullet that is designed to expand on impact:
a. mushroom bullet 84. What is meant by the Greek word ballo or ballien?
b. tracer bullet a. bullet
c. armor piercing bullet b. ballistics
d. wad cutter bullet c. to throw
d. any of these
76. This treats of the motion of projectiles after
leaving the muzzle of the gun barrel. 85. In a common police parlance, a bullet may be
a. forensic ballistics called ______.
b. ballistics a. projectile
c. interior ballistics b. tingga
d. exterior ballistics c. slug
d. bala
77. This is a device for storing cartridges in a
repeating firearm for loading into the chamber. 86. Firing pin mark can be found in a “Fired Shell”.
a. barrel a. true
b. magazine b. false
c. trigger guard c. partially true
d. butt d. partially false

78. What is propelled from the barrel and out of the 87. The number of lands and grooves inside the bore
gun by powder gasses? of a fired firearm are always_________.
a. gun a. different
b. projectiles b. the same
c. cartridge c. opposite
d. ammunition d. none of these

79. This is the study of the projectiles behavior 88. This is a part of the firearm which causes firing
when it leaves the barrel and the pressure mechanism.
behind the projectile is equalized. a. hammer
a. shot ballistics b. trigger
b. wound ballistics c. barrel
c. ballistic fingerprinting d. ejector
d . transition/intermediate ballistic
89. It refers to the circular groove near the base of
80. It is the science of mechanics that deals with the case or shell designed for the automatic
the flight, behavior and effects of projectiles withdrawal of the case after each firing.
especially bullet, gravity bombs, rockets or the a. ejector groove
like. b. extractor groove
a. forensic ballistics c. land groove
b. ballistics d. none of these
c. interior ballistics
d. exterior ballistics 90. The first priming mixture is composed of
Potassium Chlorate, Charcoal, and _________.
81. The unburned or partially burned powder grains a. Ground Glass
embedded in the skin surrounding the point of entry b. Fulminate of Mercury
in gunshot wound produce: c. Barium Nitrate
a. tattooing d. Sulphur
b. stippling
c. peppering 91. Firearm which may be fired only by a single hand.
d. all of the above a. rifle
b. pistol
82. Which of the following is the characteristic of a c. shotgun
gunshot wound of exit? d. all of these
a. contusion collar
b. tattooing or smudging 92. The term cartridge is derived from the word
c. wound larger than the bullet “charta”, the Latin word for ____.
d. edges of the wound are inverted a. plastic
b. metal
c. cartoon
d. paper b. holographic will
c. questioned document
93. It is the hole in the web or the bottom of the d. none of the above
primer pocket through which the primer “flash”
provides ignition to the gunpowder. 2. In writing, it functions as an extension of the hand.
a. flash hole a. paper
b. vent
b. shoulder
c. cannelures
c. pen
d. a or b
d. elbow
94. It is equal to the height of the side of a land.
a. depth of grooves 3. The thumb, the first and second and slightly the
b. twist third fingers are in actual motion. This is the
c. rifling technique most usually employed by children
d. land
a. hand movement
95. The gun powder is otherwise known
as_____________. b. forearm movement
a. powder charge
b. propellant c. whole arm movement
c. pulbura
d. finger movement
d. a & b

96. It is the result of the critical study of the specimens submitted,

4. A term described as: the typefaces become filled
conducted by the Firearm Examiner, usually with the use of Bullet
Comparison Microscope. with lint, dirt, and ink particularly in enclosed
a. ballistics report letters such as the o, e, p, g, and others.
b. firearm report a. clogged typeface
c. criminalistics report b. horizontal mal-alignment
d. report c. defects
d. mal-alignment
97. These are used in cases such in sending
signals and enabling to see enemies in the
5. This term describes any abnormality or
dark.
maladjustment in a typewriter which is reflected
a. zip guns
b. paradox guns in its work and which leads to its individualization or
c. multi-barreled guns identification.
d. flare guns a. horizontal mal-alignment
b. off-its feet
98. The rifling inside the gun barrel may twist c. mal-alignment
_________. d. defects
a. to the right only
b. to the left only 6. What was done when one retouches or goes
c. to the right & left back over a defective portion of a writing stroke?
d. all of these a. retracing
b. patching
99. It is a tabular metallic or non-metallic container c. pressuring
which holds together the bullet,
d. shading
gunpowder and primer.
a. bullet
7. The condition of a typeface printing heavier on
b. cartridge case
c. shell one side or corner than over the remainder of its
d. b or c outline.
a. off-its feet
100. The portion of the primer against which the b. platen
priming mixture is crushed by a blow from the firing c. permanent defect
pin. d. proportional spacing
a. disc
b. anvil 8. What type of forgery is made when the writer
c. primer cup exerts no effort to effect resemblance or facsimile
d. flash hole between the forged and the genuine signatures?
a. simple
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION b. simulated
c. traced
1. A document completely written and signed by one d. spurious
person is known as:
a. holographic document
9. It is any written statement by which a right is
established or an obligation extinguished; it is a deed, c. collected
instrument or other duly authorized paper by which
d. a and c
something is proved or set forth?
a. document
b. tablet 17. Kind of writing characterized by disconnected
c. rubric style.
d. contact a. cursive
b. block
10. It refers to the silhouette of the portrait appearing c. script
on the face of the note.
d. capitalized
a. watermark
b. vignette
18. What is that interruption in a stroke, caused
c. lacework
by sudden removal of the writing instrument from
d. serial numbers
the paper surface?
a. tremor
11. This refers to the slope of the handwriting in
b. retouching
relation to the base line.
c. pen lifting
a. spacing
d. hiatus
b. slant
c. skills
19. A kind of document which is executed by a private
d. strokes
person without the intervention of a notary public, or
of competent public official, by which some
12. A writing material made from skin of animals
disposition or agreement is proved, evidence or set
primarily of sheep, calves or goats – was probably
forth.
developed in the Middle East.
a. private document
b. public document
a. parchment
c. official document
b. papyrus
d. commercial document
c. coupon bond
d. yellow pad
20. The path which is traced by the pen on the paper.
a rhythm
13. The imitation of a genuine or legal coin is called:
b. direction
a. forgery
c. strokes
b. mutilation
d. coordination
c. counterfeiting
d. uttering
21. Maybe actually on a ruled paper, it might be
imaginary alignment of writing. Is the ruled or
14. Any major long downward stroke of a letter that
imaginary line upon which the writing rest.
is the long downward stroke of the letter “b”, “g”.
a. buckle knot
a. staff
b. baseline
b. pen jump
c. descender
c. hiatus
d. foot
d. curve

15. Any identifying characteristics of a typewriter 22. It is a minute curve or an ankle which often
which cannot be corrected by simply cleaning the occurs at the end of the terminal strokes. It is also
typeface or replacing the ribbon. sometimes occur at the beginning of an initial stroke.
a. mal-alignment The terminal curves of the letters “a”, “d”, “n”, “m’,
b. temporary defects “p”, “u”
c. defects
a. knob
d. permanent defects
b. foot
16. Those standards which are obtained
c. loop
from files of document executed in the
persons day to day business, official, social d. hook
or personal activities.
23. A kind of document which is executed by person
a. procured in authority by private parties but not notarized by
notaries public or by competent officials.
b. requested
a. public document b. calligraphy
b. official document
c. cacophony
c. private document
d. commercial document d. graphometry

32. This group of document includes those papers

24. This is a stroke that is on another stroke.
which the entire writing is in question as spurious,
a. writing condition
forged or counterfeit in its entirely fall into.
b. covering stroke
a. wills and testaments
c. natural stroke
b. questioned documents
d. disguised stroke
c. stroke of writing
d. none of the foregoing
25. A defect in which a character prints a double
impression with the lighter one slightly offset to the 33. A loop made as a flourished which is added to the
right or left. letters, as in small letter “k’ and “a” or in capital
a. rebound letters “A”, “K”, “P”. The horizontal end loop stroke
b. typeface that are often used to complete a letter.
c. bounding
a. buckle knot
d. breechface
b. foot
26. It refers to the prefix letter and numbers in a
c. descender
paper money.
a. value panel d. ascender
b. serial number
c. denominations
d. lacework
34. A modern pen nib which contains a reservoir of
27. A writer may deliberately try to alter his ink in a specially designed back or chamber is
usual writing habits in hope of hiding his described as:
identity, writing skill is poorer, change in a. ball point pen
slant, size, altered or capital letters. b. fountain pen
a. fraud c. pencil
b. fake movement d. fiber pen
c. natural handwriting
d. disguised handwriting 35. It is the failure to complete the junction between
two letters without lifting the pen.
a. spur
28. Philippine paper bills are printed in what process? b. hiatus
a. intaglio process c. humps
b. off-set process d. loops
c. lithographic process
d. all of the above
36. It is the act of diminishing by ingenious means
the metal in the coin; to take advantage if the metal
29. It is an instrument that can be legally used
abstracted; he appropriates a part of the metal of the
in comparisons with a questioned document; its
coin, hence the coin diminishes in intrinsic value.
origin is known and can be proven.
a. mutilation of coins
a. simulated document
b. priceless coins
b. standard document
c. counterfeit or false coins
c. forged document
d. none of the foregoing
d. falsified document

30. Those are symbols added to complete certain 37. This something wrong in time and in place. This
letters such as “i” and “t”. means that the forger has trouble matching the
a. spur marks paper, ink, or writing materials to the exact date it
b. loop marks was supposed to have been written.
c. diacritical marks
d. hiatus marks a. lack of rhythm

b. tracing
31. This is the analysis of handwriting by comparisons c. anachronism
and measurement.
d. indention
a. cacography
38. The following are the scientific methods in QDE, “Central Bank of the Philippines” located at the face
except: or back of the note.
a. analysis a. value panel
b. comparison b. micro printing
c. evaluation c. serial numbers
d. conclusion d. vignette

39. Refers to properties or marks, elements or

47. In legal language, the Document Examiner’s
qualities which serve to distinguish known as the
conclusion is called:
basis of identification.
a. characteristics a. conclusion
b. individual characteristics
b. closing remark
c. class characteristics
d. sample c. opinion

d. ending
40. This is the opposite of ascender, the lower portion
of a letter. 48. When document examiners as well as police are
dealing with documents, the most common problem
a. buckle knot
they encountered are those concerning:
b. foot a. origin
b. counterfeit
c. descender
c. authorship
d. ascender d. content alteration

41. It is usually a conclusion that is not based on 49. A name or a mark that a person puts at the end
thorough scientific examination. of a document to attest that he is its author or that
a. expert opinion he ratifies its contents.
b. ordinary opinion
a. initials
c. off-hand opinion
d. none of these b. closing remark

c. name
42. A tool for writing or drawing with a colored fluid,
such as ink. d. signature
a. pen
b. pencil 50. It includes characters which write improperly in
c. white ink the following aspects: a twisted letter, horizontal
d. printer’s ink mal-alignment, vertical mal-alignment and a
character “off-its feet”.
43. To pass a counterfeited coin a. carbon impression
means______________.
a. to import b. clogged typeface
b. utter
c. mutilate c. character
d. counterfeit
d. alignment defect
44. Refers to the study of one’s handwriting in
attempting to determine one’s personality.
51. This group includes all papers on which it is
a. agraphica
alleged that some changes have been made
b. graphology
fraudulently by erasure, addition, or substituting, or
c. chromatography
substitution, etc.
d. handwriting identification
a. handwriting specimen
45. Refers to the usual or normal deviation found in
a repeated specimen of individual’s handwriting. b. countersigned
a. natural variation c. document on which the signature is questioned
b. transitory change d. document containing alleged fraudulent
c. permanent damage alteration
d. temporary defect
52. Represents the reach of the hand with the wrist at
46. _________________ refers to minute and finely rest.
printed words “Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas” or a. pen position
b. pen emphasis 60. The lower parts which rest on the base line.
c. pen pressure
a. hesitation
d. pen scope
b. foot
53. A class of signature used in acknowledging
c. hiatus
important document such as will, checks, contract
and business papers. d. ascender

a. formal
61. A sheet of interlaced fibers usually cellulose fibers
b. informal
from plants, but sometimes from cloth rags or other
c. careless scribble
fibrous materials. That is formed by pulping the fibers
d. simple
and causing to felt, or mat, to form a solid surface.

a. pen
54. Questioned documents are also called known
handwriting samples. b. fiber
a. true
c. paper
b. false d. ink

c. yes
62. Fraudulent tampering with a document often
d. no involves two kinds of erasures, namely;
a. mechanical and chemical erasures
55. The extra deposit of ink in the initial and
b. electronic and chemical erasures
terminal strokes due to the slow withdrawal of the
c. electronic and mechanical erasures
pen from the paper.
d. all of the foregoing
a. hump
b. hook
63. The process of making out what is eligible or what
c. knob
has been effaced.
d. foot
a. decipherment
b. ciphering
56. It is a special thread vertically implanted off c. reprinting
center of the note during paper manufacture. This d. cipher
can easily be seen when the note is viewed against
the light. 64. A kind of erasure through the use of a rubber
a. embedded security thread eraser, sharp knife, razor blade or picking
b. windowed security thread instrument.
c. iridescent band a. chemical erasure
d. vignette b. electronic erasure
c. mechanical erasure
57. During paper bill manufacture, the following are d. all of the foregoing
included, except:
a. serial number
65. In connection with typewriting identification, it
b. security fibers
includes letters, symbols, numerals, or point of
c. watermarks
punctuation.
d. iridescent band
a. defects
b. horizontal mal-alignment
58. What is one of the most expensive instruments c. character
used for examination of documents that would show d. clogged typeface
three dimensional enlargements?
a. polarizing light 66. If the questioned writings are hand printed, then
b. infra-red gadget get a cursive standard. Is this true?
c. stereoscopic microscope a. True
d. ultra-violet light b. False
c. yes
59. This is a special thread placed vertically on the d. no
paper during manufacture.
a. metallic thread 67. The blotting out or smearing over the writing to
b. colored fibers make the original invisible.
c. security fibers a. obliteration
d. lacework design b. erasure
c. addition
d. multiplication 76. Defined as a visible effect of bodily
movement which is an almost unconscious
68. Is one which contains some change either as an expression of fixed muscular muscles.
addition or deletion? a. speed of writing
a. traced b. handwriting
b. forged c. natural writing
c. genuine d. writing habits
d. altered document
77. Mere blank forms of official documents, the spaces
of which are not filled up, are considered as
documents.
69. The act of intermittently forcing the pen
a. true
against the paper surface with increase pressure.
b. false
a. pen pressure
c. yes
b. pen scope
d. no
c. pen emphasis
d. pen position
78. The requirements to become a
70. It is a hollow, horny part of large feather usually questioned document examiner are the
from goose and was used for writing on parchment. following, except:
a. ball pen
b. fountain pen a. a period of training
c. graphite pencil
b. a period of experience
d. quill pens
c. must be a police officer
71. Any repeated elements of details of writing, which
may serve to individualize it. d. all of the above
a. hesitation
b. hiatus
c. habits 79. The removal of writings, typewriting or printing,
maybe chemical eradication and or by an abrasive
d. hook
erasure is called:
72. What is the outer portion of a curve bend or
a. insertion
crook?
a. humps
b. erasure
b. staff/stem/shank
c. whirl
c. obliteration
d. central part

d. interlineation
73. It is a light examination in which a source of
illumination strikes the surface of the paper from the
80. The addition of writing and other material
back or at the bottom, usually designed in
between lines or paragraphs or the addition of whole
identification of water markings?
page to a document.
a. direct light
b. oblique light
a. insertion
c. side light
d. transmitted light
b. interlineation

74. The relations of parts of the whole of writing or c. obliteration

line of individual letters in words to the baseline
a. alignment d. both b and c
b. tick
c. baseline
d. characteristics

75. It is every deed or instrument executed by person

by whom some disposition or agreement is proved,
evidenced or set forth.
a. questioned document
b. writing
c. document
d. any of these
 c. yes
81. The following are the general classifications of d. no
Question Document, except:

a. documents with questioned signatures 86. It refers to the numeral found at the four corners
of the front and back of the note.
b. questioned documents alleged to have been a. value panel
containing fraudulent alterations b. micro printing
c. serial numbers
c. documents having been proven their origin d. vignette

d. questioned documents on issues of their age or 87. Also called standards, are legally admissible
date authentic samples of handwriting used for
comparison with questioned writing. they are used
82. What is used in the detection of counterfeited bills by the document examiner to enable her to form an
but can actually be used to detect security features of opinion concerning the authenticity of handwriting
qualified documents? in dispute.

a. ultra violet light a. writings

b. oblique light examination b. documents

c. transmitted light c. exemplars

d. infra-red light d. questioned document

88. It is the deterioration in writing caused by

83. The following are the methods of examining
excessive consumption of alcohol.
indented writing. which is not included?
a. intoxicated writing
a. physical methods maybe used by passing a strong b. receipt writing
beam of nearly parallel light almost horizontally over c. careless writing
the surface of the paper d. illiterate writing

b. fuming the document maybe of values in some

cases
89. In taking request handwriting standards in all
c. powders of various kinds maybe used without types of questioned-document problems, permit the
changing the document subject to see any writing on the questioned
document. This statement is:
d. placing the paper over the fire of a candle to a. true
detect writings using urine b. false
c. yes
d. no
84. The following are the processes in
caring, handling and preservation of
documents, except: 90. This is known as the distance between the letters.

a. line space
a. take disputed papers to document examiner`s
laboratory at the first opportunity. b. interlineations

b. if storage is necessary, keep in dry place away c. insertions

from excessive heat strong light.
d. letter space
c. maintain in consequential document, unfolded
and in transparent plastic envelope or evidence 91. A character printing above or below its proper
preserver. position has the quality of :
a. horizontal malalignment
d. none of the above
b. vertical malalignment
c. twisted letters
85. In caring and handling disputed documents and d. off- its-feet
documentary evidence, it is advisable to be kept
unfolded and in a separate, proper size envelope or
folder. 92. The German word that means “complete” or
a. true “whole”. it needs nothing added or taken away to
b. false make it “look right”.
a. whole b. skill

b. full c. simplification

c. gestalt d. impulse

d. volkswagen

99. This is the result of the pen touching down on the

93. The illumination of this is so controlled that it paper and moving across the page, until it is raised
gazes or strikes the surface of the document from one from the paper.
side at a very low angle. This is used for decipherment
of faded handwriting, determination of outline in a. pen position
traced forgery, embossed impression, etc. b. skill
a. ultra violet light c. simplification

b. oblique light examination d. writing impulse

c. transmitted light
100. Circumstances under which the writing was
d. infra-red light prepared and the factors in influencing the writer’s
ability to write at the time of execution. it includes the
writer’s position (sitting, standing, abed, etc.), the
94. Authenticity of private documents is no longer
paper support and backing, and the writing
necessary to be proven when:
instrument.
a. the document is 30 years old
b. the document is more than 30 years old
a. writing condition
c. the document is less than 30 years old
d. all of the above b. covering stroke

c. natural handwriting
95. It is an important element in handwriting which
embraces all the factors which are related to the motion d. disguised handwriting
of the writing instrument skill, speed freedom,
LIE DETECTION TECHNIQUES
hesitation, rhythm, emphasis, tremors and the like.

a. shaking 1. For a valid polygraph examination to exist,

respiration, EDA, and Cardiovascular activity must be
b. microtremors
monitored and recorded.
c. movement a. yes
b. no
d. emphasis c. true
d. false

96. It is the place where the writer grasps the barrel 2. He is someone who has successfully completed
of the pen and the angle at which he holds it. formal education and training in conducting
a. line direction polygraph examination and is certified by his agency
to conduct such examination.
b. slant a. subject
c. alignment b. rabbit
c. polygraph examiner
d. pen hold d. examiner

97. Is an irregularity in strokes characterized by 3. It is the act of deceiving or misleading usually

shaky or wavering stroke which is perfectly accompanied by lying.
apparent even without magnification? a. deception
a. genuine tremor b. lying
c. perjury
b. tremor of illiteracy
c. tremor d. any of these
d. tremor of fraud
4. It refers to the downward blood pressure
representing the low pressure to the closing of the
98. This is also known as writer’s proficiency or the valves and heart relaxed.
degree, ability to write with proficiency. a. blood pressure
b. pulse
a. pen position
c. amplitude
d. diastolic blood pressure examinations with the capability to simultaneously
record undulated line tracings of the vascular pulses
5. It refers to human body phenomenon in which (radial, venous and arterial), by way of a stylus onto
the skin changes resistance electrically upon the a revolving drum of smoked paper.
application of certain external stimuli. Also referred a. clinical polygraph
to a Psycho galvanic skin reflex or galvanic skin b. polygraph
response. c. cardiograph
a. electricity
b. ground d. sphymograph
c. electrodermal response
d. electrocution
13. A lie which accompanies pretensions
6. This is the act of uttering or conveying and hypocrisies, intriguing to cause
falsehood or creating a false or misleading dishonor or discredit one’s good image.
impression with the intention of affecting
wrongfully. a. white lie
a. deception b. black lie
b. lying c. pathological lie
c. perjury d. detection
d. any of these
14. One of the tripod foundations which states that
7. Pre-test Interview usually last for about: polygraph is capable of making graphic record
a. 20 – 30 minutes containing reliable information regarding
b. 10 minutes physiological responses of the subject.
c. 15 minutes a. psychological leg premise
d. 30 to 40 minutes b. physiological leg premise
c. mechanical leg premise
8. This refers to any activity or inhibition of d. medical leg premise
a previous activity of an organism or part of
the organism resulting from stimulation. 15. These are markings which are placed only if the
a. electrodermal response examinee does something which will cause the
b. specific response physiological tracings to distort. These markings are
c. normal response usually placed below the affected tracing.
d. abnormal response a. chart markings
b. primary markings
9. The pre-test interview involves informing the c. secondary markings
subject of his Constitutional Rights ONLY IF the d. artifact
examiner is a law enforcement officer.
a. yes 16. It is the complex interactive regulatory system by
b. no which the body strives to maintain a state of internal
c. true equilibrium.
d. false a. steady
b. hormones
10. This is the upward blood pressure as the apex c. Homeostasis
of the curve caused by the contraction of the d. adrenaline
heart, valves are open and blood is rushing into
the arteries. 17. The following are the three stereotypic behavioral
a. systolic blood pressure responses to threat, sometimes simply called F3,
b. pulse except:
c. amplitude a. Fight
d. diastolic blood pressure b. flight
c. freeze
11. This is a judicial practiced by which the guilt or d. freight
innocence of the accused is determined by subjecting
them to an unpleasant, usually dangerous experience 18. This is designed to detect and record changes in
or in the present term would mean an employment respiration of the subject.
of “ 3rd degree”. a. cardiograph
a. torture b. pneumograph
b. punishment c. galvanograph
c. trial by ordeal d. keymograph
d. pain
19. The polygraph chart is
12. In 1892, an instrument to be used for medical approximately___________ rolled graph paper with
approximately ¼ inch horizontal division and ½ inch
vertical division equivalent to 5 seconds run. 27. This is used primarily for overly responsive
a. 100 ft. subjects. Consists of a totally fictitious incident but a
b. 50 ft. similar nature to the matter being investigated and
c. 5 ft. make him believe it is real.
d. 1000 ft. a. searching peak of question test
b. guilt complex test
20. Statement 1: The questions in polygraph c. silent answer test
examination must refer to one offense only. d. relevant/ irrelevant test
Statement 2: They must contain inference to one’s
religion, race or belief. 28. The polygraph examination room should at least
a. Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true be _________soundproof.
b. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false a. 100%
c. both statements are true b. 50%
d. both statements are false c. 75%
d. 90%
21. The subject must refrain from the use of
alcohol, sedatives, prohibited drugs and other cold 29. What is the primary objective of the post test
syrups or capsules for at least _________prior to interview?
the test. a. to thank the subject
a. 3 hours b. to obtain confession
b. 2 hours c. to make the subject calm
c. 5 hours d. to explain polygraph test procedures
d. 12 hours

22. What is a test that measures electrical activity in 30. A type of polygraph test which involves specific
the brain using small, metal discs attached to the case investigation.
scalp and is being proposed to be used for lie a. pre-test interview
detection? b. in-test
a. electroencephalogram c. post-test
b. word association test d. diagnostic exam
c. psychological stress evaluator
d. claim verification test 31. This is an interview conducted by the polygraph
examiner designed to prepare or condition the subject
23. This phase is the actual conduct of the test for the actual test.
administered by a polygraph examiner. a. pre-test interview
a. pre-test b. in-test interview
b. in-test c. post-test interview
c. post-test d. diagnostic exam
d. diagnostic
32. The following are true about the required
24. This question is designed to probe whether the conditions of the polygraph examination room, except:
subject possesses information regarding the identity a. well lighted
of the offender or the facts of the case under b. well ventilated
question. c. sound Proof
a. guilty knowledge question d. well decorated
b. evidence-connecting question
c. comparison question 33. In the polygraph examination post-test phase,
d. directed lie question what is conducted when the reactions indicate an
innocent response and cooperative to the examiner?
25. This test consists of only one relevant and a series a. interrogation
of irrelevant questions. b. interview
a. peak of question test c. both a and b
b. guilt complex test d. any of these
c. silent answer test
d. relevant/ irrelevant test 34. They are those who lie in order to avoid the
consequences of confession. They are afraid of
26. It is the scientific method of detecting deception embarrassment and they believe that confession will
done with the aid of a polygraph instrument. just make the matter worse.
a. polygraph examination a. promotion liars
b. polygraphy b. panic liars
c. lie detection c. compulsive liars
d. post-test d. tournament liars
 a. cardiograph
35. These are annotations of the physiologic tracings b. pneumograph
to denote stimulus (question) onset and offset, c. galvanograph
examinee’s answer, question number, question label, d. keymograph
artifacts, and other details important to the
interpretation of the physiological data. 43. It is designed to be emotionally neutral to
a. chart markings examinees and usually answerable by “yes’. Also
b. primary markings called Neutral Question.
c. secondary markings a. relevant questions
d. artifact b. irrelevant question
c. sacrifice relevant question
36. A test where the subject is instructed not to d. secondary relevant question
give any verbal answer, the subject will only
answer in his mind. 44. A lie that is told to benefit someone else, to
a. searching peak of question test reduce suffering, or to help increase self- esteem.
b. guilt complex test Used to comfort, protect or support the deceived.
c. silent answer test a. specific lie
d. relevant/ irrelevant test b. white lie
c. bold-face lie
37. The __________________is asserted to be a d. altruistic lie
voice-mediated lie detector.
a. electroencephalogram 45. This symbol indicates the end of test.
b. word association test a. XX
c. psychological stress evaluator b. II
d. claim verification test c. positive sign
d. negative sign
38. This is a stimulus mark. The first vertical line
marks when the examiner starts asking question. 46. “Do you know who took that missing money?” is
Second vertical line marks when the examiner what type of question?
finishes asking question. a. guilty knowledge question
a. X b. evidence-connecting question
b. I c. comparison question
c. positive sign d. directed lie question
d. negative sign
47. This is a change in an examinee’s physiological
39. Positive or negative signs are still placed when the pattern that is not attributable to a reviewed test
subject fails to answer or when “Silent Answer Test” question. It includes examinee’s movements during
(SAT) is conducted. the examination.
a. true a. chart markings
b. false b. primary markings
c. yes c. secondary markings
d. no d. artifact

40. Class of countermeasures in which the examinee 48. This refers to the condition or quality of being
attempts to affect the polygraph recordings through true, correct, or exact.
self-manipulation of attention, memory and emotion a. recovery
like hypnosis and thought control. b. accuracy
a. countermeasures c. reliability
b. counterinsurgency d. interrater reliability
d. cognitive countermeasures
d. specific point countermeasures 49. This decision means that (1) the physiological
data are stable and interpretable, and (2) the
41. What type of relevant question is this- “Did you evaluation criteria used by the examiner led him to
take that missing money?” conclude that the examinee is not wholly truthful to
a. primary relevant question the relevant issue.
b. irrelevant question a. deception indicated
c. sacrifice relevant question b. no deception indicated
d. relevant question c. inconclusive
d. false positive
42. It is a motor that pulls or drives the cart paper
under the recording pen simultaneously at the rate of 50. Something generated from outside the body.
five seconds per vertical chart division or twelve Skin resistance is an example because electrical
divisions in one minute run.
current is applied from outside sources to detect the a. intra-rater agreement
electrodermal activity. b. accuracy
a. endosomatic c. reliability
b. external d. interrater reliability
c. internal
d. exosomatic 58. In polygraphy refers to the incorrect decision that
deception was not practiced by the examinee.
51. During the pre-test interview, the following are true, a. deception indicated
except: b. no deception indicated
a. the subject, if female, may be pregnant and c. false negative
may undergo the test d. false positive
b. the subject should not be physically or emotionally
abused 59. What is attached to the upper right arm of the
c. the subject should not be suffering high blood or subject, above the brachial artery?
hypertension a. blood pressure cuff
d. none of the above b. sphygmamonometer
c. rubber convoluted tube
52. It serves as the paper feed mechanism of the d. any of these
polygraph machine
a. cardiograph 60. In the Philippines, polygraph results are not
b. pneumograph admitted as evidence.
c. galvanograph a. true
d. keymograph b. false
c. yes
53. This refers to stability or consistency of d. no
measurement.
a. recovery 61. This is the pneumatic connection for upper
b. accuracy (thoracic) pneumograph.
c. reliability a. pneumo 1
d. interrater reliability b. pneumo 2
c. pneumo 3
54. This is a scientific instrument capable of recording d. pneumo 4
simultaneously changes in blood pressure, pulse rate,
respiration and skin resistance as indicative of 62. This kind of lie, the most common of all, which
emotional disturbance especially of a lying subject is intended to protect or maintain harmony of
when being questioned. friendship, at home, in the office or elsewhere.
a. polygraphy a. white lie
b. polygraph b. black lie
c. polygraph examiner c. pathological lie
d. examiner d. detection

5 5 . T h i s i s about 10 inches corrugated rubber 63. Class of countermeasures in which the examinee
attached to the body of the subject. attempts to affect the polygraph recording through
a. blood pressure cuff the use of ingested drugs like sedatives.
b. Sphygmamonometer a. positive countermeasures
c. rubber convoluted tube b. negative counter measures
d. any of these c. counter-counter measures
d. pharmacological countermeasures
56. It is the induction of a state of consciousness in
which a person apparently loses the power of 64. This is designed to detect changes in skin
voluntary action and is highly responsive to resistance of the subject.
suggestion or direction. Its use in therapy, typically a. cardiograph
to recover suppressed memories or to allow b. pneumograph
modification of behavior by suggestion, has been c. galvanograph
revived but is still controversial. d. keymograph
a. hypnosis
b. word association test 65. This addresses the primary issue or direct
c. psychological stress evaluator involvement of the subject on the matter under
d. claim verification test question. It is use primarily with the single-issue
examination.
57. A type of reliability in polygraph examination which a. primary relevant question
pertains to an examiner’s agreement with his own b. irrelevant question
decisions. c. sacrifice relevant question
d. relevant question c. sacrifice relevant question

66. The principal uses of the polygraph examination d. secondary relevant question
are the following, except:
a. aid in investigation
b. pre-employment screening
c. used as evidence 73. The subject must refrain from smoking for at least
d. honesty test (periodic test) ____________prior to the test.

67. Polygraph is not a lie detector; it is a scientific a. 3 hours

diagnostic instrument. This statement is true.
a. true b. 2 hours
b. false
c. yes c. 5 hours
d. no
d. 12 hours
68. The factors that will contribute to the successful
use of polygraph are mentioned below. Which is not
one of them?
a. a highly trained and experienced polygraph 74. The examination room should be equipped
examiner with a ________________so that a person/s
b. prejudicial questions which are prepared by outside the examination room may hear as well as
the examiner see what occurs in the examination room.
c. well planned interrogation room.
a. concealed microphone
d. good teamwork by the investigator, polygraph
examiner and their superiors
b. well ventilation

69. What type of question introduces the relevant

c. one-way mirror
question to the subject?
a. symptomatic question
d. two-way mirror
b. irrelevant question
c. sacrifice relevant question
d. secondary relevant question
75. A kind of lie used in advertisement (or marketing
70. Physiological abnormalities which would invalidate
strategies) that is used to influence the consumers to
a polygraph test include the following, except:
buy products.
a. psychopathy
b. excessive high or low blood pressure.
a. promotion lie
c. heart diseases.
d. respiratory disorder b. altruistic lie

71. The galvanograph component has - c. compulsive lie

________recording pen. It records the changes in
the skin resistance of the subject, amplify these d. tournament lie
changes and record it on the chart.
a. 3 inch
b. 5 inch

c. 7 inch

d. 10 inch

72. In polygraph examination, what type of question is

asked if the examiner states this- “Regarding the
(matter under investigation), are you willing to answer
the questions truthfully?”

a. symptomatic question

b. irrelevant question
76. Are short vertical lines placed normally about one- of________________ for the recording of the
eight of an inch below a descending stroke of the electrical charges (ohms) from the brain through the
cardio tracing at exactly the beginning and the end of skin.
a stimulus (asking a question) insertion. a. little fingers of both hands
b. index fingers of both hands
a. positive sign c. ring finger of left hand
d. both index and ring fingers
b. negative sign
83. The following are the cardiograph tracings Which
c. hiatus mark may be considered indicative of deception, except:
a. increase or decrease in blood pressure
d. stimulus mark b. double saddle response
c. increase or decrease in pulse rate
d. increase or decrease in pulse amplitude

77. This is a question deals with the matter under 84. An unusually fast heart rate, accompanied by a
investigation. It is designed to generate reactions large amplitude which uniformly rises and falls,
from deceptive subject. normally is in conjunction with a labored respiratory
tracing, known as:
a. symptomatic question a. vagus roll
b. detection
b. irrelevant question c. fear
d. cardiac arrest
c. sacrifice relevant question
85. Post-test interview involves taking of the subject’s
d. relevant question
consent to undergo polygraph examination.
a. yes
b. no
78. It is a water-based ink intended for polygraph
c. true
instruments.
d. false
a. printer’s ink
b. capillary ink
86. Which of the following is used to indicate the
c. writer’s ink
amount of air pressure inflated to the system.
d. graphing ink
Usually about 60 mm of mercury for male subject?
a. blood pressure cuff
79. In polygraph examination, the examiner must
b. sphygmamonometer
wait for before asking the first question in order to
c. rubber convoluted tube
record the normal pattern of the subject.
d. any of these
a. one minute
b. 30 seconds
87. In ________________the federal ruling
c. five to 10 minutes
introduced the concept of general acceptance and
d. 15 to 20 seconds
stated that polygraph testing did not meet that
criterion. Polygraph test results were ruled
80. What shall be done every after the taking of each
inadmissible.
chart? The examiner shows the recorded result to the
a. PP. vs Medina
subject with a brief explanation as to the significance
b. PP vs. Erinia
of the recorded reactions.
c. Frye vs. United States
a. interview
d. Caracatch vs. Canada
b. interrogation
c. chart marking
88. It is the popular but misleading name of the
d. chart probing
polygraph.
a. polygraph machine
81. Generally used at the beginning of polygraph
b. polygraphy
technique to establish a ‘norm’ for examinee, or
c. lie detector
throughout the examination as needed to reestablish
d. physiological detector
norm pattern.
a. relevant questions
89. Under the general rules in formulating test
b. irrelevant question
questions in polygraph examination, the questions
c. sacrifice relevant question
formed must be simple and direct. They must involve
d. secondary relevant question
legal terminologies.
a. yes
82. Finger electrodes are the special types of sensitive
b. no
metal plate to be attached to the subject’s end joints
c. true
d. false a. positive countermeasures
b. negative counter measures
90. This is the hormonal stimulator of the c. counter-counter measures
sympathetic nervous system. It acts to constrict d. anti-countermeasures
peripheral blood flow, raise blood pressure, increase
cardiac activity, promote metabolic activity through 98. A test question in which the examinee is asked
the release of glucose, and inhibit digestive about a particular piece of physical evidence that
processes. It is called Adrenaline in British. would incriminate the guilty person. It could be items
a. steady left at the crime scene by the perpetrator or stolen
b. hormones property.
c. Homeostasis a. guilty knowledge question
d. epinephrine b. evidence-connecting question
c. comparison question
91. It is an emotional response to scientific danger d. directed lie question
that appears to beyond a person defensive power.
a. stimuli 99. This is a lie made by persons who cannot
b. emotion distinguish right from wrong. It must be said those
c. fear persons are mentally sick, or of low mental caliber.
d. anger a. white lie
b. black lie
92. A ____________indicating that the subject c. pathological lie
answers the stimulus with “no”. d. detection
a. X
b. I 100. The drug used as truth serum in lie detection is:
c. positive sign a. paracetamol
d. negative sign b. potassium chloride
c. hyoscine hydrobromide
93. It is an act of discovery existence, pressure or fact d. chloride
of something hidden or obscure/unknown.
a. detection
b. searching FORENSIC CHEMISTRY
c. investigation
polygraph examination 1. That branch of chemistry, which deals with the
application of chemical principles in the solution of
94. This is a process that encompasses all activities problems that arise in connection with the
that take place between a polygraph examiner and an administration of justice. It is chemistry applied in the
examinee during a specific series of interactions. elucidation of legal problems. It is chemistry used in
a. polygraph examination courts of law. Chemistry belonging to the court of
b. polygraphy law.
c. lie detection a. forensic chemistry
d. post-test b. science
c. chemistry
95. No polygraph test can be effectively employed d. forensic science
on a unwilling subject. The charts derived there
from would be indicative more of bodily 2. Are articles and materials which are found in
movements, silence and anger rather than an connection with an investigation and which aid in
objective basis for an opinion of lying; hence, establishing the identity of the perpetrator of the
voluntary consent is essential. circumstances under which the crime was committed
a. true or which in general assist in the prosecution of the
b. false criminal.
c. yes a. testimonial evidence
d. no b. circumstantial evidence
c. witness
96. It consists of finger electrode plate with retainer d. physical evidence
bonds and connecting flog.
a. pneumograph 3. These are known specimens to compare with the
b. galvanograph questioned needed to aid in establishing a suspect’s
c. cardiograph relationship to the crime under investigation.
d. sphymograph a. standard specimen
b. questioned specimen
97. Reactive methods used to detect those efforts an c. suspect’s clothes
examinee has engaged in while trying to defeat the d. evidence
PDD examination.
4. The following are the primary reasons which may a. paraffin test
contribute to the disaster of evidence/specimen, b. wax test
except: c. ignition test
a. Improper packing of specimen d. van urk test
b. Failure of identification of specimen
c. Proper precautions are used in transmitting 12. It is the art of extracting and working on metals
the specimen by the application of chemical and physical
d. Lack of precautions to prevent tampering of the knowledge.
specimen a. petrography
b. dactyloscopy
5. This test is used to determine whether the stain c. metallurgy
contains blood or another substance. This also d. none of the above
determines whether visible stains do or do not contain
blood. It is used to demonstrate the presence of 13. The value of an aqueous solution is a number
blood. describing its acidity or alkalinity. A number used to
a. benzidine test represent the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous
b. precipitin test solution.
c. confirmatory test a. pH
d. preliminary test b. centimeters
c. f-stop
6. Is a viscid whitish fluid of the male reproductive d. grams
track containing spermatozoa suspended in scissions
of accessory glands. 14. A test where a positive result is color purple in the
a. sperm presence of heroin and morphine as well as most
b. saliva opium derivatives. The test will also produce an
c. semen orange-brown color when mixed with amphetamine
d. any of these and methamphetamine.
a. Marquis Test
7. Below are the possible locations of nitrates when b. Dillie Koppanyi Test
black powder and smokeless powder explode, except: c. Van Urk Test
a. residue of the barrel of the gun. d. Duquenois- Levine Test
b. in or around the wound
c. on the clothes of the witness far from the 15. The normal quantity of seminal fluid in a single
vicinity ejaculation.
d. on the exposed surface of the hand of the person a. 400- 500 million
firing the gun b. 1.5 – 3.5 ml
c. 50- 350 thousand
8. This test is used to determine the presence of d. 15- 35 ml
nitrates, or whether a person has fired a gun or not.
a. paraffin test 16. An individual who, through their examination of
b. wax test evidence, characterizes and identifies blood and body
c. ignition test fluids.
d. van urk test a. Chemist
b. biologist
9. This is a specialized epithelial outgrowth of the skin d. criminalist
which occurs everywhere on the human body except d. serologist
on the palm of the hands and the soles of the feet.
a. skin 17. The scope of forensic chemistry includes the
b. ridges following, except:
c. hair a. it includes the legal side of criminal
d. organs investigation
b. it includes the analysis of any material, the quality
10. What substance makes our blood red? of which may give rise to legal proceeding
a. hemoglobin c. it is not limited to purely chemical questions
b. arsenic involved in legal proceedings
c. melanin d. it has invaded other branches of forensic sciences
d. oxygen notably legal medicine, ballistics, questioned
documents, dactyloscopy, and photography.
11. This is a test that determines whether fiber is
mineral, animal or vegetable. A single fiber is applied 18. Below are the roles of the forensic chemist in the
with flame at one end and the following are noted: scientific criminal investigation, except:
manner of burning, odor of fumes and appearance of a. Determining whether or not a place/ location is a
burnt end. clandestine laboratory.
b. Examination of marked bills/ suspects during b. Accidental poisoning
entrapment (extortion case) c. Chronic poisoning
c. Taking paraffin test. d. Homicidal poisoning
d. Filing the case in court.
27. It is a colorless transparent, volatile liquid with
19. Police Lieutenant Alvarez conducts a test that will aromatic odor and with boiling point at 78°C. Like any
possibly identify blood or determines whether the other types of alcohol, it is formed out of the
stains contain blood. This test is called: fermentation of various carbohydrates in grains, fruits
a. Precipitin or flowers, and from other materials subjected to and
b. Confirmatory isolated by distillation.
c. Blood grouping a. Alcohol
d. Preliminary b. Ethyl alcohol
c. Methyl alcohol
20. The following are the four stages of work of a d. All of the above
forensic chemist, except:
a. Collection or reception of the specimen or evidence 28. The firearm is held a very short distance from the
to be examined skin/target, generally less than 6 inches.
b. The actual examination of the specimen a. contact range
c. Communication of results of the examinations b. near contact range
d. Deciding the outcome of the examinations c. distant range
d. any of these
21. It has been called as the circulating tissue of the
body. 29. A branch of science that treats of the form and
a. Plasma quantity of medicine to be administered within a
b. Semen certain period.
c. Blood a. toxicology
d. Serum b. serology
c. biology
22. Substances or agents that produces vomiting. d. posology
a. Antidotes
b. Emetics 30. A test for marijuana in which positive result is
c. Volatile poison shown by purple color in the chloroform layer.
d. Non-volatile poison a. Marquis Test
b. Dillie Koppanyi Test
23. Which of the following is not included in the c. Van Urk Test
proper way of collecting and preserving hair as d. Duquenois- Levine Test
evidence?
a. Don’t mix it with known samples 31. This is sometimes called the "silent killer", it is a
b. Don’t mix hair found in different places colorless gas, insoluble in water and alcohol. When
c. Secure the hair samples to a piece of paper inhaled it combines with hemoglobin to form
by using scotch tape carboxyhemoglobin.
d. It should be placed in a folded paper or in a white a. carbon monoxide
mailing envelop b. carbon dioxide
c. hydrogen sulfide
24. Explosives that detonate or moves faster through d. hydrogen cyanide
the material than the speed of sound are called:
a. high explosives 32. It is a yellow-colored liquid and comprises about
b. low explosives 55% of the blood.
c. bomb a. platelets
d. urea nitrate b. fibrin
c. leucocytes
25. This refers to the escape of whole blood from a d. plasma
blood vessel. Abnormal internal or external bleeding.
May be venous, arterial, or capillary from blood 33. Gunshot residue examinations are performed to
vessels into the tissues, or into or from the body. help the investigators in determining the following,
a. vomiting except:
b. vertigo a. whether a person has discharged a firearm or not
c. dipsomania b. whether a firearm was discharged or not
d. hemorrhage c. the possible gunshot range or the distance of the
shooter from the victim
26. Type of poisoning in which the victim voluntarily d. the possible age or efficiency of the firearm
took the poison for the purpose of taking his own life.
a. Suicidal poisoning
34. It is one of the most toxic and rapid acting gases. 42. A test that will serve as the actual proof that stain
It is formed by addition of acid to potassium or is blood consists of establishing the presence of the
sodium salt of cyanide. It is naturally found in leaves characteristic of the red blood cells of the blood.
of cherry-laurel, in bitter almond, in kernels of a. benzidine test
common cherry, plum, peaches, in ordinary bamboo b. precipitin test
shoots, and in certain oil seed and beans. c. confirmatory test
a. carbon monoxide d. preliminary test
b. carbon dioxide
c. hydrogen sulfide 43. The detection and identification of poisons is
d. hydrogen cyanide called:
a. chemistry
35. A poisonous substance isolated from the skin of b. bacteriology
poisonous frogs. c. toxicology
a. chloroform d. carbon monoxide
b. toluene
c. cantharides 44. The most commonly used test for determining if a
d. bufotoxin driver is intoxicated is the:
a. blood test
36. Body fluids routinely tested because they are b. urine test
good sources of cells. c. breath test
a. saliva and tears d. spinal fluid test
b. semen and saliva
c. urine and semen 45. This is where the techniques and the principles of
d. semen and blood both physical and natural science are applied and
practiced to analyze crime scene evidence.
a. chemistry laboratory
37. A powerful tool in identification which points to b. soco team
the source of biological evidence by matching it with c. forensic laboratory
samples from the victims, suspects and their relatives. d. crime laboratory
a. DNA profiling
b. serology 46. It is the reproduction of an impression made on a
c. instrumentation soft surface by the application of casting material.
d. forensics a. casting
b. moulage
38. Mr. A has been found to have low sperm count. c. ink
His condition is known as: d. chemical etching
a. aspermia
b. oligospermia 47. Lead and mercury are examples of:
c. impotency a. metallic poison
d. all of the above b. chemical poison
c. corrosive poison
39. In what mode of administration can poison be d. None of the above
rapidly absorbed?
a. oral 48. Process, or processes, of chemical modification
b. anal which make a toxic molecule less toxic. Treatment of
c. inhalation patients suffering from poisoning in such a way as to
d. injection promote physiological processes which reduce the
probability or severity of harmful effects.
40. The application of chemical principles and a. toxification
processes in the examination of evidence. b. detoxification
a. forensic medicine c. saponification
b. forensic evidence d. palor mortis
c. criminalistics
d. forensic chemistry 49. This is the study of the insects found in the
decomposing bodies.
41. Persons with blood alcohol below ____ are not a. forensic pathology
considered intoxicated. b. forensic science
a. 10% c. forensic entomology
b. 0.05% d. forensic chemistry
c. 0.15%
d. 100% 50. An extremely sensitive test that can be applied to
minute stain. For many years, it has been the most
commonly used preliminary test for blood.
a. benzidine test b. venom
b. precipitin test c. toxin
c. confirmatory test d. poison
d. preliminary test
59. A condition in which the temperature of a human
51. Which evidence is most likely to be analyzed by a being or mammal is above normal.
forensic chemist? a. frostbite
a. Paint flakes b. gangrene
b. Carpet fibers c. pyrexia
c. Blood d. dementia
d. Hallucinogens
60. A chemical element with the symbol Hg and
52. A ____________________is an explosive that is atomic number 80. It is commonly known as
extremely sensitive to stimuli such quicksilver and was formerly named hydiargyrum.
as impact, friction, heat, static electricity, a. oxygen
or electromagnetic radiation. b. air
a. primary explosive c. lead
b. secondary explosive d.
c. tertiary explosive mercury
d. explosive
61. The specimen that is preferably used in the
53. Which of the following is the best biological determination of abused drugs in the body is:
evidence that can be submitted for DNA analysis. a. Blood
a. Buccal swab b. Spermatozoa
b. Tears c. Saliva
c. Perspiration d. Urine
d. Urine
62. Post-mortem examination of the organs and body
54. Which of the following sets of chromosomes tissue to determine cause of death or pathological
belong to a woman? condition.
a. XXY a. post-mortem examination
b. XX b. autopsy
c. XY c. opening
d. XYY d. examination

55. It deals with the medical and legal aspects of 63. A test in which the reagent reacts with
the harmful effects of chemicals on human hemoglobin and give brownish rhombic crystal as a
beings. confirmation of presence of blood.
a. toxicology a. Takayama test
b. chemistry b. Teichmann’s test
c. forensic toxicology c. Barberio’s test
d. forensic chemistry d. guaiacum test

56. Which of these is a medicine taken or given to 64. A science that deals with the composition,
counter act a particular poison or a substance which structure and properties of substances and with the
can counteract poisoning? transformations that they undergo.
a. antibiotic a. forensic chemistry
b. laxative b. science
c. antidote c. chemistry
d. antipyretic d. forensic science

57. The ingestion or application of a drug or other 65. It is a state of ill-health resulting from food which
substance in quantities greater than are has some abnormal or noxious content.
recommended. a. toxic
a. overdose b. smoking
b. lethal dose c. food poisoning
c. minimal dose d. liquid poisoning
d. maximal dose
66. What do we call the explosion of low explosives?
58. A substance that when introduced into or a. explosion
absorbed by a living organism, causes death or injury, b. deflagration
especially one that kills by rapid reaction. c. detonation
a. tetanus d. bombing
 b. terminal ballistics
67. _________________of entrance wounds can occur c. shot ballistics
when firm material is pressed against the skin, such as d. forensic ballistics
when a victim is shot through a wooden, glass, or
metal door while pressing against it to prevent entry of 75. Action of a drug other than that desired for
an assailant. beneficial pharmacological effect.
a. stippling a. lethal dose
b. shoring b. toxification
c. burning c. side-effect
d. peppering d. addiction

68. This term refers to someone who practices 76. For cocaine abusers, this is the feeling as if grains
forensic chemistry. of sand are lying under the skin or small insects
a. chemist (cocaine bugs) are creeping on the skin.
b. forensic chemist a. insect syndrome
c. criminalist b. hallucination
d. police c. agglutination
d. magnan’s symptom
69. Can a person be found positive for nitrates even if
he did not actually fire a gun? 77. The following are the chemical examinations for
a. yes semen, except:
b. no a. Florence Test
c. true b. Barberio’s Test
d. false c. Kastle-Meyer Test
d. Acid-phosphatase Test
70. It is a term commonly used by physicians
whenever there is blackening of the margin of the 78. _________________is probably the most widely
gunshot wound of entrance. The blackening is due to accepted way to determine the concentration of
smoke smudging, gunpowder tattooing and to a alcohol in the body. It is a direct method of
certain extent burning of the wound margin. estimation although the subject may refuse blood
a. tattooing extraction for such analysis.
b. powder burns a. analysis of the breath
c. smoke b. analysis of urine
d. blood c. analysis of the blood
d. analysis of the stool
71. If positive, a violet-blue color is produced. This is
a valuable screening test for barbiturates. 79. There is prompt and marked disturbance of
a. Marquis Test function or death within a short period of time. It is
b. Dillie Koppanyi Test due either by taking a strong poison in excessive
c. Van Urk Test single dose or several doses at short interval.
d. Duquenois- Levine Test a. Acute poisoning
b. Sub-acute poisoning
72. Poisonous fluid secreted by animals such as c. Chronic poisoning
snakes and scorpions and typically injected into d. Suicidal poisoning
prey or aggressors by biting or stinging.
a. Tetanus 80. This term refers to a Bullet that is not lodged in a
b. venom place where it was previously located. A bullet which
c. toxin strikes the neck may enter the air passage, and it
d. poison may be coughed out or swallowed and recovered in
the stomach or intestine.
73. These have been described as “matters in the a. bullet migration
wrong place”. The study of such piece of evidence b. tandem bullet
may often provide the investigator with clues as to c. hydrostatic force
the occupation or previous whereabouts of a person d. absorption
under investigation.
a. blood 81. Determines whether blood is a human or non-
b. fiber human origin, and if non-human, the specific animal
c. dust and dirt family from which it originated.
d. saliva a. benzidine test
b. precipitin test
74. A branch of ballistics that studies the gunshot c. confirmatory test
injuries sustained by the victim. d. preliminary test
a. wound ballistics
82. A high explosive used commercially and in the b. science
military. The chemical name for the compound is c. chemistry
cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine, and it is also known as d. forensic science
‘cyclonite’ and ‘hexogen’.
a. dynamite 90. This is a reactive substance that contains a great
b. Molotov cocktail amount of potential energy that can produce
c. RDX an explosion if released suddenly, usually
d. grenade accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound,
and pressure.
83. This reagent produces a blue flaky precipitate in a. gun
the presence of cocaine. The test is not reliable as b. gunpowder
many other drugs and diluents respond in the same c. explosive
manner. d. any of these
a. Marquis Test
b. Dillie Koppanyi Test 91. Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous
c. Cobalt Thiocyanate Test membrane due to deficient oxygenation of the blood;
d. Duquenois- Levine Test usually evident when reduced hemoglobin exceeds
5%. It is present in many heart and respiratory
84. The clumping together of living cells as a result of conditions.
a reaction between the cells and an appropriate a. front spatter
immune serum is called: b. blood typing
a. agglutination c. cyanosis
b. absorption d. back spatter
c. laceration
d. corrosion 92. It is a colorless, transparent gas, sweetish taste
and emitting an odor similar to a rotten egg. The gas
85. Instrument used to measure out or weight is soluble in water to form carbonic acid and it burns
different types of dry chemicals. The measurement in the air with a pale blue flame.
for weighing the substance is designated as grams. a. Carbon Monoxide
a. weighing scale b. Carbon Dioxide
b. analytical balance c. Hydrogen Sulfide
c. scale d. Hydrogen Cyanide
d. ruler
93. A standard for determining the reliability of
86. Which of the following is the chemical responsible scientific expert testimony in court currently adopted
for the color of the hair? by many jurisdictions. Five factors are utilized to
a. hemoglobin assess the scientific theory or technique testing of
b. arsenic theory, use of standard and controls, peer review,
c. melanin error rate, and acceptability in the relevant scientific
d. oxygen community.
a. Miranda doctrine
87. The rarest blood type among the ABO blood b. Frye Test
group. c. Daubert Test
a. A d. Medina vs PP
b. O
c. AB 94. A common class of microscopic evidence. They
d. AB negative are classified as animal, vegetable, mineral, or
natural, manufactured, or synthetic.
88. The following are the factors to be considered in a. fibers
the interpretation of the Paraffin Test result. Which is b. hair
not included? c. dirt
a. time of reaction d. skin
b. number of pink specks
c. location of specks 95. All of the following are accurate tests for the
d. none of the above presence of alcohol in the human body, except one:
a. Saliva Test
89. A basic science concerned with the structure and b. Harger Breath Test
behavior of atoms (elements); the composition and c. Fecal Test
properties of compounds; the reactions that occur d. Blood Test
between substances and the resultant energy
exchange; and the laws that unite these phenomena 96. A ________________________ is less sensitive
into a comprehensive system. than a primary explosive and requires substantially
a. forensic chemistry more energy to be initiated.
a. primary explosive
b. secondary explosive
c. tertiary explosive
d. explosive

97. This is a property possessed by various

substances that glow when exposed to light of a short
wavelength. The phenomenon in which some
substances absorb light and re-emit part of it as light
of a longer wavelength.
a. light
b. infrared
c. fluorescence
d. brightness

98. Which of these is a fluid used to restore tampered

serial numbers on metals?
a. etching fluid
b. printer’s ink
c. capillary ink
d. kerosene

99. A physical state of matter that has low density

and viscosity, can expand and contract greatly in
response to changes in temperature and pressure,
and readily and uniformly distributes itself throughout
any container.
a. solid
b. matter
c. gas
d. any of these

100. A method of choice for the detection of occult

(usually not noticeable to the naked eye) blood at a
crime scene that was cleaned up or escaped detection
for extended periods of time.
a. barbero’s test
b. benzidine test
c. moulage
d. luminol test