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Tycho Brahe was a 16th century Danish astronomer known for his accurate astronomical observations without a telescope. He assigned his assistant Johannes Kepler to analyze his observations of Mars, which did not match predictions. After Brahe's death, Kepler gained access to his data and was able to formulate his three laws of planetary motion: 1) Planets orbit the sun in ellipses, 2) A line connecting a planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times, and 3) The square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the sun. Kepler's laws were based on his analysis of Brahe's extensive astronomical observations.

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67 views

Solar System PowerPoint Morph Animation Template Black Variant1

Tycho Brahe was a 16th century Danish astronomer known for his accurate astronomical observations without a telescope. He assigned his assistant Johannes Kepler to analyze his observations of Mars, which did not match predictions. After Brahe's death, Kepler gained access to his data and was able to formulate his three laws of planetary motion: 1) Planets orbit the sun in ellipses, 2) A line connecting a planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times, and 3) The square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the sun. Kepler's laws were based on his analysis of Brahe's extensive astronomical observations.

Uploaded by

Matthew Gonzales
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HOW BRAHE’S INNOVATION AND

EXTENSIVE COLLECTION OF
DATA IN OBSERVATIONAL
ASTRONOMY PAVED THE WAY
FOR KEPLER’S DISCOVERY OF HIS
LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION.
TYCHO BRAHE
Danish astronomer known for his
most accurate and comprehensive
astronomical observations during his
time.

He devised the best instruments before


the invention of telescope using huge
brass and a protractor like instrument
to observe the positions and motions of
the planet.
TYCHO BRAHE
BRAHE AND KEPLER’S WORK
• Brahe and Kepler had an unsteady working relationship. Kepler
was Brahe's assistant. However, Brahe mistrusted Kepler with
his astronomical data in fear of being shadowed by his assistant.
• Brahe assigned to Kepler the interpretation of his
observations of Mars, whose movement did not match
Brahe’s calculations. Kepler was tasked to figure out what path
Mars followed as it revolved around the Sun. It was believed by
many scientists that Brahe gave this task to Kepler to keep
him occupied and left Brahe to develop his laws of planetary
motion.
• Kepler postulated that there must be a force
from the Sun that moves the planets. He was
able to conclude that this force would explain
the orbit of Mars and the Earth, including all
the other planets, moved fastest when it is
nearest from the Sun and moved slowest
when it is farthest from the Sun. Eventually,
Brahe decided to give all his data to Kepler
hoping that he would be able to prove his
Tychonic system and put together new tables
of astronomical data.
• Kepler tried to use the models of Ptolemy,
Copernicus, and Brahe to explain existing data
of Mars but did not succeed because his
calculations were not in agreement with the
existing models.
• After Brahe died in 1601, Emperor Rudolf II
assigned Kepler as the new imperial
mathematician, and all of Brahe’s writings,
instruments, and the Rudolphine tables were
passed on to him. From Brahe’s data, Kepler
was able to formulate his laws of planetary
motion: the law of ellipses, the law of equal
areas, and the law of harmonies.
KEPLER’S LAWS OF PLANETARY
MOTION

LAW OF LAW OF EQUAL LAW OF


ELLIPSES AREAS HARMONIES
KEPLER’S LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION

FIRST LAW: LAW OF ELLIPSES

“The orbits of the planets are


ellipses with the sun at one
focus”
The calculation of the Mar’s led
kepler to arrive at the idea that
the planets moved around the sun
in an elliptical orbit
KEPLER’S LAWS OF PLANETARY
MOTION

LAW OF LAW OF EQUAL LAW OF


ELLIPSES AREAS HARMONIES
KEPLER’S LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION

SECOND LAW: LAW OF EQUAL AREAS

“The line joining a planet to the sun sweeps


out equal areas in equal times”

He observed that if a planet traverse two


seperate arcs, it would still define the
same area in 30 days. He came up with
this observation after studying individual
portions of the orbits of mars
KEPLER’S LAWS OF PLANETARY
MOTION

LAW OF LAW OF EQUAL LAW OF


ELLIPSES AREAS HARMONIES
KEPLER’S LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION

THIRD LAW:LAW OF HARMONIES

"The square of an orbit's period


is propotional to the cube of the
average distance between the
planet and the sun"

Using Brahe's data, Kepler tried to


discover the relationship between
the periods of the planet or the
time it takes a planet
to complete ine revolution and the
planet's distance fron the sun
Applying Kepler's 3rd
Law of Planetary
Motion to objects in
the Solar System
Kepler's Third Law of
Planetary Motion

"The square of the orbital


period (T) of any planet is
propotional to the cube of
its average distance (R) to
the sun"

Note:
Kepler's Third Law of
Planetary Motion

"The orbital period of a


planet increases as it
gets father from the sun"
EXAMPLE
The distance of mars from the sun
in 1.524 A.U. Given this data,
compute the period of mars to
orbits the sun.
Note: 1 AU= 1.496 X 10^8 km=
distance of earth from the sun
Kepler's Third Law of
EXAMPLE Planetary Motion

1 use

2 solve
for the T

use the
3 value of R
Kepler's Third Law of
Planetary Motion

EXAMPLE
CONVERT THE

4 NUMBER OF
DAYS
Kepler's Third Law of
Planetary Motion

EXAMPLE
The period of Jupiter to orbit the sun
is 11.862 years.
Given this data, compute the distance
of Jupiter from the sun in kilometers.

NOTE: 1AU = 1.496 X 10^8


km=distance of earth from
the sun
Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion
Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion

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