_____ Practical No.1 fli Aim: To identify the chloride, bromide and iodide ions from the given salts. Apparatus : Test Tubes, Stand etc. Chemicals : Silver nitrate, solutions of potas ‘sium chloride, potassium bromide and potassium iodide. Figure : (Label the following diagram.) Procedure : Test lube. A B c 4 ante prep Pt Zight qs Bg y Tho prt Agz > uv - Take three test tubes and label them as A, B and C. ~ Take about Sml of solutions of potassium chloride in C, potassium bromide in Band potassium iodide in C. 3. Add about Sml silver nitrate solution and stir it. 4. Keep test tubes on the stand and observe. Observations : Test Se eae Colour of Chemical Reaction a Tube Precipitate sal White A |KCI+ AgNO, ——> KNo, + Agel { chloride (CI-) B light yellow | “Baw veal Le (BG, c | Fi: AA Ny. END, bright yellow Drar Inference / Conclusion : 1- Ions are precipitated in all the three reaction in the experiment, 2. Elements in the halogen family belonging to 17" group in the : Periodic table sho. ity their properties. Ww similarity inMultiple Choice Questions 1. Valency of the elements in the halogen group is aone b. two c. three 4. four 2: The most reactive element in the halogen group is -...-.-+++. a. Astetine ’ b. Iodine c. Chlorine .d-Fluorine 3. The halogen which is liquid at room temperature is a. Fluorine b. Astetine \e-Bromine d. Iodine 4. The metallic character of elements .. ina group from top to bottom. a increases, decreases_c. remains constant d. shows indefinite behaviour. alency of elements . a. Increases xv, in a period from left to right. b. decreases ©-Temains constant .d7increases in the beginning and then decreases. : Exercise :1 @ Practical No. 2 Aim : To identity the type of reaction by studying the reaction and recording the observation, 1. Combustion of magnesium in air, 2. Action of dilute sulphuric acid on zinc. ro heat lead nitrate. Apparatus : Beaker, test tubes, pair of tongs, burner, glass rod, ete. Chemicals : Zinc dust, magnesium strip, lead nitrate powder, dilute sulphuric acid. Procedure : Part 1: Combustion of magnesium in air. 1. Hold a piece of magnesium strip on the flame of a burner. 2. Record the observation and write the reaction, Reaction 1: 2Mg + O, ——+ 2Mg0 (s) Observations : 1. The magnesium strip burns with luminous flame. 2. A white coloured powder remains behind. : Number of | Number of | Interesting feature of | Type of the Bescon reactants_| products the reaction 2Mg+0O, —» 2MgO 2 1), Alsip Doavng bh. a La nalve| US fame ; Part II : Action of dilute sulphuric acid on zine. 1. Take some zinc dust in a test tube. 2. Add 3 to 4 ml dilute sulphuric acid (dil H,SO,) init, 3. Record the observation and write the equation, Reaction 2: Zn + HS0, ——» znso, + H, Observations : 1. A colourless gas is liberated. 2. A glowing splincter get extinguished and the gas burns with blue flame Production a noise. 3. The zinc powder disappears and a colourless solution is obtained. | Interesting Number of | Number of Type of the Reaction reactants | products | feature Ofte sae reaction Zn +H,SO, —> ZnSO, + H, weePart II: To heat lead nitrate. 1. Take a one teaspoonful 2, Heat it on a burner. 3. Hold a moist blue litmus paper at the mouth of the test tube. 4. Hold a glowing splinter at the mouth of the test tube. 5. Record the observation and write the reaction. Reaction 3: 2Pb(NO,), Heat 2PbO(s) + 4NO, +0, t 1 white coloured lead nitrate powder in a test tube. Observations : 1. A reddish brown coloured gas turning moist blue litmus paper red is liberated. 2. The glowing splinter keeps on glowing. ‘Number of | Interesting feature | Type of the oat ‘Number of eaction 7 a reactants | products | —of the reaction reaction 2Pb(NO, ), Heat, a B... [Simple substances |"-Df.tevpo 2PbO(s) + 4NO,} +0, are formed. sihon rea thon Inference / Conclusion : 1. Reactions are called ‘displacement reactions’, when atom or group o} takes place of atom or group of atoms in the other substance to form new substances. For example, action of dilute sulphuric acid on zinc. - Reaction are called ‘combination reactions’, when a single product is formed from two or more f atoms in one substance reactants in a chemical reaction. For example, the reaction between magnesium and oxygen. When two or more simpler substances are formed from a single compound, the reaction is called ‘decomposition reaction’. For example, heating lead nitrate. Multiple Choice Questions reaction. c, decomposition _d. double displacement 1. Rusting of an iron nail is a. _acombination? b. displacement 2 The following change is observed on dipping a litmus paper in aqueous solution of MgO. _# Red litmus turns blue, therefore MgO is alkaline. b. Blue litmus turns red, therefore MgO is acidic. c. No colour change in litmus paper, therefore MgO is neutral. 4. Litmus paper is decolourised, therefore MgO acts as bleaching agent. 3. What is the colour of a solution formed on dipping a piece of zinc in dilute sulphuric acid? colourless b. colourless solution turns red c. black d. red >= & Practical No. 3 » them into the types combination, “Aim : To observe the following react displacement, decompo: \l double displacement. Reaction: el 1. Reaction of water with slaked lime, 2, Effect of heat on ferrous sulphate. 3. Reaction of copper sulphate solution with iron nail. chloride with each other. 4. Reaction of solutions of sodium sulphate and barium hard glass test tube, test tube ‘0.ml beaker, china dish, asbestos sheet, dropper, holder, test tube stand, sand paper, burner / spirit lamp, filter paper etc. Chemicals : Calcium oxide, water, crystals of ferrous sulphate, iron nail / wire scrubber, solution ‘of copper sulphate. Procedure ? aicle ‘A. Reaction of water with sleked lime. 1. Take about 10 gm sasine' ina clean and dry china dish, place this dish on an asbestos sheet. 2. Take a litle water in a i using dropper sprinkle some water on the slake lime in the Apparatus . Record your observations Observation + ‘Sr.No. | Experimental procedure Obsertvations he,..dish... Leume hak 1 _ | Note the heat absobed or evolved during the reaction by touching the dish. 2 [Note whether a gas or vapour is given away in the reaction. 3 | Note the noise, if, any, produced during the reaction. 4 | Note the change in the physical state] .. Reaction : ca0(s) + HO) ———— Ca(OH), (aq) calcium oxide water calcium hydroxide Inference / Conclusion + aA wellas entolher- The reaction of water with slaked lime , vou reaction HereProcedure : B. Effect of heat on crystals of ferrous sulphate Figure : (Label the following diagram.) Test Eade bo ldey J4ulphote en yebl Procedure: Take about 10 gm of powdered crystals of ferrous sulphate in a test tube. Clamp the test tube to a stand and heat it with burner /spirit lamp for 10 minutes. Note the colour of the gas evolved. (Do not smell the gas). Continue heating until the colour of the substance in the test tube changes. Keep the hot test tube on an asbestos sheet. Observe the colour of the substance in it Pepe vw after cooling. Observation : Sr.No. |Experiment procedure ne poe [Obsertvations 1 | Note the original colour of ferrous sulphate. [Cig KT. ween 2 |Note the colour of the-gas evolved on heating. Calamxlecs.. 3 [Observe the colour of the substance in the cold test tube]... R@A and note it. Reaction : 4 2(FeSO,.7H,0) (s) 4 Fe,0, (s) + $0,(g) + SO, ,(8) + 14H, 0(g) Inference / Conclusion : 1. On heating the pale green coloured crystals of ferrous sulphate undergo decompauihsh. A mixture of «0% Og... and ...28.93..... pases formed, colour teniaina in the a, 2. A residue of «..%Procedure : C. Reaction of solution of copper sulphate with iron nail. Figure : (Label the following diagram.) Lrom_nail Fesmp| Sulphat Aoluko [Tron ai) After Reaction Covered with reddish brown Lepper? Before Reaction Procedure : 1. Take about 100 ml solution of copper sulphate in a beaker. Note its colour. 2. Take two-three unrusted iron nails. Clean them by rubbing with sand paper and wash with water. Note the colour of the nails. Keep the nails immersed in the copper sulphate solution for about fifteen minutes. . Observed the change in the colour of the nails and the solution. . Remove the nails from the solution after fifteen minutes. Wash them and keep them on a fier paper. Note the changed colour of the nails and the solution. woh ws Observation Table: Sr.No. | Experiment procedure Obsertvations 1 | Colour of CuSO, soln. before the experiment. Sky blue 2 [Colour of iron nail before the experiment. shee] grey 3 [Colour of CuSO, soln. after the experiment. Light “aveen 4 — {Colour of iron nail after the experiment. ahddick browy. Reaction : Fe(s) + CuSO,(aq) ——> FeSO, (aq) + Cu(s) Inference / Conclusion : 1. On immersing the brown coloured iron nails in blue coloured copper sulphate solution, they displace Copper from the copper sulphate solution and their colour becomes .x.eddu'e 2. This is a dis platunatn OLA,Procedure : ‘hloride : . ‘jum ct D. The reaction between sodium sulphate and bar beaker. Note the colour and nature, 1. Take about 20 ml sodium sulphate solution in a clean be: . it its colour and nature. 2. Take 10 to 15 ml barium chloride solution in a test tube. wr ih edt SEE 3. Pour the barium chloride solution from the test tube slowly into in the beaker. 4. Keep on stirring the solution in beaker. 5. Observe the changes occur in beaker and note it down. Observation Table : [Experiment procedure : Obsertvations 1 |The colour and the nature of the sodium|..C.alam7.less sulphate solution before the experiment, 2 The colour and the nature of the barium chloride solution before the experiment. 3° |The colour and the nature of the mixture resulting on mixing the two solution into each other, Reaction : BaCl,(aq) + Na,SO,(aq) ——» BaSO,(aq) + 2NaCI(aq) Im this chemical reaction two new compounds are formed by mutual exchange of the components (ions or radicals) of the two compounds. Such reactions are called “double displacement’ reactions. Inference / Conclusion : 7 Beri 5 viphate . 1. In this reaction white coloured insoluble ATI. ~ is formed. AS a'result of white coloured precipitate is formed in the beaker, n Multiple Choice Questions 1. The reaction of water with slaked lime is studied by. a. putting slaked lime into water taken in a test tube. b, putting a lot of water into slaked lime, sprinkling a little water on slaked lime, d. None of the above method. 2» 2. When ferrous sulphate crystals are heated, the residue obtained in the t red coloured b.blue coloured ¢, geen coloured ae 3. When sodium sulphate solution reacts with basiuns chloride solut reaction contains mainly . ion, a. barium sulphate b. sodium chloride Ce: aandb both AG The reaction of iron nail with copper sulphate solution is Teacti a : read a. combination b. decomposition “setisplacemeg, Sater 4. double displacement tube is ,. d. colourless the solution after the 4. none of a and b5. The reddish brown colour obtained on the iron nail placed in copper sulphate solution is of a.Cu,0 b.CuO ea 4. Cus : Exerciseé Practical No. 12 Aim : To study oxidation and addition reactions of carbon compounds. Apparatus : Test tubes, dropper, burner, ete. Chemical substances : Ethanol, dilute solution of sodium carbonate, dilute solution of potassium permanganate, alcoholic solution of iodine (tincture iodine), liquified vanaspati ghee, various vegetable oils (groundnut oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, etc.) Procedure t A. Oxidation of ethanol 1. Take 2~3ml of ethanol in a test tube. Add Sml_ sodium carbonate solution to it. Warm the mixture by holding the test tube on a burner. 2. Add dilute solution of potassium permanganate dropwis in it and keep on stirring the mixture. Observe the change in the pink colour of the potassium permanganate when its addition is farted. _BGaction : CH,-CH,-OH > CH,-COOH Ethanol alkaline KMnO, Ethanoic acid B. Addition reaction of fatty acids 1. Take 2ml oil in a test tube. Add 4 drops of tincture iodine in it and stir. 2. Observe whether original colour of iodine disappears or not. 3. Repeat the same procedure using the other oils and vanaspati ghee and note in the observation table. ee os one It coloured colourless solution solution Observations : LAGE, When a dilute solution of potassium permanganate is added to ethanol, intially the pink colour disappears. ii. When the addition is continued further, the pink colour of potas vanish and stays there. im permanganate does not B. Oil sample Colour change observed in the solution groundnut oil Colour yanishes : safflower oil Colony Vans hes sunflower oil Colowy Vanishes vanaspati ghee Colony does nol Vanish.manganate is consume Conclusion / Inference : ac Potassium permanganate red solution become, imilar colour chang Jizes ethanol tO colour vanishes: sero “ re the colou! in this reaction its Mh. 7 si b. Iodine is consumed due to its addition (0 FAY 7° anaspati ne oh reaction d colourless. But when the same procedures followe" the das harteaction does no, is not observed. As vanapati ghee is saturated hydro‘ occur there. . Muliiple Choice Questions aa 1. What type of reaction is the transformation of ethanol into ethan a. Addition reaction b. Substitution reaction Oxidation reaction d. Dehydration reaction 2. ich of the following substances, is ethanol not used? 8. tonics b. cough mixture ercandle d. alcohol 3. What type of carbon-carbon bonds are present in vanaspati ghee? «o¢single bonds b. double bonds _. triple bonds d. none of these 4. lodine decolourises in stearic acid, because _ a. itis saturated. b. it contains single bonds. eit is unsaturated. _d. cannot tell. 5. The saturated hydrocabon from the following carbon compounds is . 2. Ethene b. Ethyne e-Bithane d. Benzene Exercise : oe