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Logarithms

This document provides information about logarithmic and exponential functions: 1. Exponential functions are of the form y = ex and logarithmic functions are of the form y = loga(x). 2. The base of a logarithm must be positive and not equal to 1. Logarithmic functions are only defined for positive values of x. 3. Rules for logarithms include: loga(x) + loga(y) = loga(xy), loga(x) - loga(y) = loga(x/y), and loga(xr) = rloga(x). 4. Several examples of equations involving logarithms and exponentials are

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Samith Nishshanka
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35 views

Logarithms

This document provides information about logarithmic and exponential functions: 1. Exponential functions are of the form y = ex and logarithmic functions are of the form y = loga(x). 2. The base of a logarithm must be positive and not equal to 1. Logarithmic functions are only defined for positive values of x. 3. Rules for logarithms include: loga(x) + loga(y) = loga(xy), loga(x) - loga(y) = loga(x/y), and loga(xr) = rloga(x). 4. Several examples of equations involving logarithms and exponentials are

Uploaded by

Samith Nishshanka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Logarithms and Exponential function

Short Note: -
• Exponential Function
➢ 𝐲 = 𝐞𝐗

𝑋2 𝑋3 𝑋4 𝑋𝑟
𝑒𝑋 = 1 + 𝑋 + + + + …………+ + ………
2! 3! 4! 𝑟!
𝑛! = 𝑛. (𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2)(𝑛 − 3) … … … … … 3.2.1
1! = 0! = 1

• Logarithmic Function
➢ 𝑌 = log 𝑎 𝑋

➢ The Value of X is always positive in Logarithmic Function


➢ log 𝑒 𝑋 = ln 𝑋 and log10 𝑋 = log 𝑋

SAMITH NISHSHANKA (BSC) 1


• Rules of Log
➢ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝑿 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒀 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝑿𝒀
𝑿
➢ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝑿 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒀 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒀
➢ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝑿𝒓 = 𝒓𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝑿
𝟏
➢ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒃 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠
𝒃𝒂
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒄 𝒃
➢ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒃 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒄 𝒂

Exercise
1) Solve log 3 𝑋 − 4 log 𝑋 3 + 3 = 0
2) Solve log 2 𝑋 + log 𝑋 2 = 2
3) Solve log 𝑋 𝑌 = 2, 𝑋𝑌 = 8
4) Solve 2log 𝑌 = log 2 + log 𝑋 and 2𝑌 = 4 𝑋
5) Solve log 3 𝑋 = 𝑌 = log 𝑎 (2𝑋 − 1)
6) Solve log 2 𝑋 = log 4 (𝑋 + 6)
7) Solve log 3 𝑋 − 2 log 𝑋 3 = 1
4𝑋−15
8) Solve 2 log 𝑋 = 1 + log ( )
2
9) If a and b are distinct positive integers and log 𝑎 𝑏 + log 𝑏 𝑎2 = 3, Then Express the value of b in
terms of a.
1 1 7 log 𝑋
10) Show that log16(𝑋𝑌) = 2 log 4 𝑋 + 2 log 4 𝑌.Hence or otherwise solve log16(𝑋𝑌) = 2 , log4 𝑌 =
4
−8 system of equations.
5
11) Express log 9 (𝑋𝑌) as log 3 𝑋 and log 3 𝑌.Hence solve the systems of equations log 9 (𝑋𝑌) = ,
2
log 3 𝑋 . log 3 𝑌 = −6
12) If a, b and c is positive integer, show that
1 1 1
+ + =1
log 𝑎 𝑎𝑏𝑐 log 𝑏 𝑎𝑏𝑐 log 𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐
log 𝑋 log 𝑌 log 𝑍
13) If a, b and c is positive integer and 𝑌−𝑍
= 𝑍−𝑋
= 𝑋−𝑌
, Show that 𝑋𝑌𝑍 = 1
14) If log 𝑎 𝑏𝑐 = 𝑝, log 𝑏 𝑐𝑎 = 𝑞, log 𝑐 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑟, Show that 𝑝𝑞𝑟 = 𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟 + 2
15) When log 𝑝 𝑛 = 𝑋 𝑎𝑛𝑑 log 𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑌, 𝑛 ≠ 1 , Show that
𝑋+𝑌 log 𝑟+log 𝑝
𝑋−𝑌
= log𝑞 𝑟−log𝑞 𝑝 and by substituting 𝑝 = 4, 𝑞 = 2, 𝑟 = 8, 𝑛 = 4096, prove the above
𝑞 𝑞
result.
16) When 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ ℝ+, if 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 , Solve following equations.
1 1
(1) log𝑏+𝑐 𝑎
+ log =2
𝑐−𝑏 𝑎
(2) 2log 𝑋 𝑎 + log 𝑎𝑋 𝑎 + 3 log 𝑎2 𝑋 𝑎 = 0
17) Show that
1 1 1 1 1
+ + + ………+ =
log 2 2001 log 3 2001 log 4 2001 log100 2001 log100! 2001
18) By substituting 𝑌 = log 𝑋 4 or otherwise, solve the equation 4log16 𝑋 − 1 = log 𝑋 4
19) If 𝑌 = log 3 𝑋 and log 3 𝑋 − log 𝑋 9 + log 3 3𝑘 + klog 𝑋 3 = 0, Show that 𝑌 2 + 𝑘𝑌 + (𝑘 − 2) = 0

SAMITH NISHSHANKA (BSC) 2

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