e-terragridcom LMU

Line Matching Unit

USER’S MANUAL

LMU/EN U/F

GRID
User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 1/44

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 6

1.1 GENERAL 6
1.2 ARCHITECTURE 7

2. BLOCKS DESCRIPTION 8

2.1 PROTECTION UNIT 8

2.1.1 THE EARTHING SWITCH 8
2.1.2 THE SURGE ARRESTER 8
2.1.3 THE DRAINING COIL 8
2.1.4 COUPLING CAPACITOR TERMINAL. 8
2.2 TUNING UNIT 9
2.3 THE MATCHING CIRCUIT. 9
2.4 E-TERRAGRIDCOM LMU CATALOG 10
2.4.1 LMU-1 AND LMU-2 10
2.4.2 PHASE TO PHASE COUPLING DEVICE 10
2.5 OPTIONAL ATTENUATION DEVICE 11

3. GENERAL LMU CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 12

3.1 MASTER LMU (LMU-1) 12

3.2 AUXILIARY LMU (LMU-2) 12

4. INSTALLATION 15

4.1 SHIPMENT 15
4.2 MATERIAL LIST 15
4.3 INSTALLING AND FIXING 15
4.4 CONNECTIONS 17
4.4.1 EARTHING 18
4.4.2 TO COUPLING CAPACITOR 19
4.4.3 PLC EQUIPMENT OR MAIN-AUXILIARY CONNECTION 21
4.4.4 COUPLING UNIT INSTALLATION 22
LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 2/44 e-terragridcom LMU

5. COMMISSIONING 24

5.1 SETTINGS 25
5.1.1 BALANCED – UNBALANCED MODE 25
5.1.2 COUPLING MODE 25
5.2 MATCHING & TUNING 25
5.2.1 MATCHING 25
5.2.2 TUNING 26

6. APPENDIX A : COMPOSITE LOSS TABLES 27

6.1 TUNING FOR A LINE IMPEDANCE OF 200Ω 27

6.2 TUNING FOR A LINE IMPEDANCE OF 400Ω 29
6.3 TUNING FOR A LINE IMPEDANCE OF 600Ω 31

7. APPENDIX B : RETURN LOSS TABLES 33

7.1 TUNING FOR A LINE IMPEDANCE OF 200Ω 33

7.2 TUNING FOR A LINE IMPEDANCE OF 400Ω 35
7.3 TUNING FOR A LINE IMPEDANCE OF 600Ω 37

8. APPENDIX C : MEASUREMENT METHODS 39

8.1 IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT 39

8.2 R.F TRANSMISSION RESPONSE 41

9. APPENDIX D : CHARACTERISTICS 42

9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS 43

9.2 PROTECTION CHARACTERISTICS 43
9.3 MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS 44
9.4 MTBF 44
User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 3/44

BLANK PAGE
LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 4/44 e-terragridcom LMU

MODIFICATIONS PAGE
VERSION DATE COMMENTS
A11 27/09/2013 ORIGINAL ISSUE
A 14/10/2013 Minor layout modifications after first review
B 28/03/2014 Change of the plastic cover
C 11/07/2014 Minor layout changes
D 20/12/2016 Correction of figure page 14
E 05/04/2017 Add text page 20 (reassembling the plastic cover)
F 09/06/2017 Correction in table of chapter 5.1.1 page 25
User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 5/44

BLANK PAGE
LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 6/44 e-terragridcom LMU

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
The power line carrier technique, using the power line as the transmission medium, requires
particular interfacing functions between the telecommunications equipment (power line carrier
equipment) and the high-voltage components such as the line, the line trap circuits and the
coupling capacitors.
The e-terragridcom LMU coupling devices, which are designed specifically for this application,
guarantee the necessary qualities in terms of reliability and safety.
The principle of modularity adopted for the design of this equipment allows the different
coupling configurations encountered in the power line technique (phase-earth coupling,
phase-phase coupling, inter-circuit coupling) :
The pictures below show the usual arrangement for e-terragridcom LMU (coupling to the H.V
Line) by the single phase or multi-phases methods.

Phase-to-Earth Coupling Phase-to- Phase Coupling

Phase-to-Ground Phase-to-Phase
Coupling Coupling

Coupling Coupling
Line Trap Line Trap
capacitor capacitor

LMU LMU LMU

PLC PLC
system system

Inter-Circuits Coupling

Line to Line
Coupling

Line 1

Line Trap Coupling

capacitor

Line 2

Line Trap Coupling

capacitor

LMU LMU

PLC
system
User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 7/44

1.2 Architecture
The e-terragridcom LMU is designed with an architecture using three basic blocks:

The Protection Unit

This Unit offers a very efficient protection against the H.V power effect and the transient
voltage picks. It ensures the safety of the staff and the protection of the power line carrier
equipment.
A Tuning Unit
This unit consists of a resonant circuit in order to form a Band-pass filter with the line
components (the coupling capacitor represents the main of these. It optimises the coupling
(minimum loss).
A Matching Unit
This Unit matches the H.V line impedance to the Power line carrier equipment one.
Additional device
An optional attenuator is available for short line with low R.F attenuation
LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 8/44 e-terragridcom LMU

2. BLOCKS DESCRIPTION
2.1 Protection Unit
The following devices form this unit:

• The earthing switch

• The surge arrester

• The Draining Coil

3 2

Draining Coil Primary arrester

Protection Unit
To Tuning To Coupling
Unit Capacitor

External

Ground Earthing switch

reference
1
General Earth
connection

2.1.1 The earthing switch

By a direct earthing at the low level point of the coupling capacitor, this switch offers a reliable
protection to personnel and equipment during maintenance or commissioning tasks.
For a safety reason, the earthing switch is external allowing a permanent visual control of its
position. It is located at the lower part of the LMU box.
2.1.2 The surge arrester
A primary surge arrester provides a protection against spark over-voltage.
A secondary lightning arrester contributes to keep the equipment terminal in safe conditions.
2.1.3 The Draining coil
The draining coil gets to earth the power frequency current coming from the H.V line through
the coupling capacitor.
2.1.4 Coupling capacitor terminal.
The connection to the Coupling capacitor is protected against any unwanted contact
(personnel protection).
User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 9/44

2.2 Tuning Unit

It consists on a band-pass filter (resonant circuit by means of a tuning inductance with the
coupling capacitor).

Tuning Unit

To Matching To Protection
unit Unit

Ground
reference

Several taps perform the tuning (with the coupling capacitor) within the R.F frequency range.

2.3 The Matching Circuit.

It consists of an isolating balanced transformer. The primary, which is the line side, is referred
to the earth. The secondary (PLC side), balanced by default could be easily earthed if need
(jumper).

Matching Unit

K To Tuning Unit

Ground reference

Impedance matching Impedance matching

PLC side Line side

Winding taps carries out the primary impedance (Line) matching to the secondary one (PLC
side), basically,
1. Primary winding taps for varied line impedance range.
2. Secondary winding taps to set the impedance on the PLC side.
LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 10/44 e-terragridcom LMU

2.4 e-terragridcom LMU Catalog

2.4.1 LMU-1 and LMU-2

Two versions are defined,

• e-terragridcom LMU-1: The Master. It is systematically used in any case of coupling

mode (Phase-to-Earth or Phase-to-Phase).

• e-terragridcom LMU-2: The Auxiliary. It is used in conjunction with the Master (e-
terragridcom LMU-1) only when the Phase-to-Phase or Inter-circuits coupling mode is
required. This Auxiliary is connected to the Master by means of a coaxial cable.

2.4.2 Phase to Phase coupling Device

The phase to phase coupling is carried out by mean of a differential transformer. The hybrid
function provided by this device allows the transmission (with additional attenuation) when a
phase is failed.

Hybrid Device
1/√2 To local
LMU
R = Ze/2
To PLC

To Other LMU
(other phase
coupling)

Ground
reference

Ze= equipement nominal impedance

The differential transformer is with 1/√2 turn-ratio between the primary and secondary
windings. The resistor in the middle of the secondary winding is provided to dissipate the R.F
power generated by a phase to phase imbalance.

• The resistor is sized for a complete imbalance (i.e. when one of the phases is failed).

• The value of the resistor corresponds to the half value of the equipment impedance.
User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 11/44

2.5 Optional Attenuation device

An additional and optional attenuator is available for short line with low R.F attenuation.
It provides an efficient solution against the lines reflections and their impedance distortions.

6 dB attenuation Device

To Matching
Ze Ze unit

Ground
reference

Ze= equipement nominal impedance

The attenuation device is placed between the equipment (PLC) and the matching unit.
The impedance corresponds therefore to the equipment nominal impedance.
LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 12/44 e-terragridcom LMU

3. GENERAL LMU CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.1 Master LMU (LMU-1)
The first stage is the matching unit. It consists of a combination of the T1 and T2 isolating
transformers.
The T1 is used for the Line impedance matching. The S13 to S18 straps combined with S19
and S20 straps allow a line impedance selection from 50Ω to 800Ω.
The T2 primary side is used for the PLC equipment impedance matching. The S23 to S26 are
related with the four typical and standard PLC impedances.
The T2 secondary side provides the Hybrid device when a Phase-to-Phase coupling mode is
requested. The S21 and S22 straps allow swapping modes.
When the Phase-to-Phase mode is selected, one of the T2 secondary point is routed to the
auxiliary e-terragridcom LMU. Any Phase-to-Phase imbalance is protected by the resistor Rh
placed in the middle of the secondary winding.
When the Phase-to-Ground selected, Rh is eliminated and both of T2 secondary points are
routed to the T1.
The second stage is the Tuning Unit. It consists of a resonant circuit formed by the coupling
capacitor and a tuning inductance. The S3 to S12 straps allow 10 variable taps to optimize the
bandwidth (related to line with impedance, coupling capacitance value and frequency).
Balanced – Unbalanced Mode
The e-terragridcom LMU could be used in a Balanced or Unbalanced mode. In both cases the
T1 secondary is referred to the earth.
The balanced or unbalanced mode consists to refer or not the primary stage of the Matching
Unit. It is carried out by means of the two straps S1 and S2.
Additional elements
The optional 6 dB attenuator takes place between the PLC access and the T2 primary winding.
Several additional Test points (M) and cutting straps (S) are implemented for particular tests
and/or commissioning tasks (e.g. to isolate the PLC side, to isolate the auxiliary e-
terragridcom LMU, to proceed to extra line impedance measurements …).

3.2 Auxiliary LMU (LMU-2)

The auxiliary e-terragridcom LMU is only used when Phase-to-Phase coupling mode is
selected.
It simply based on the e-terragridcom LMU-1 the (Master one) without the complete T2
transformer stage.
 Optional
User Manual

attenuator
if option OK
this strap has to
be removed
e-terragridcom LMU

Secondary
Tuning Unit
arrester L1
Matching Unit TP3
S27
T2 S13
C1 S26 T1
TP1
S12 S3
Rh Protection Unit
TP2 S20 S19

To PLC
S23 S100
S28
S21
capacitor

S29 S30 S18 TP5

To Coupling

S22
S1 TP4 S2
Ground reference

Impedance matching Impedance matching Draining Primary Earthing Earth

PLC side Line side coil arrester switch terminal

MASTER E-TERRAGRIDCOM LMU (E-TERRAGRIDCOM LMU-1)

LMU
To Auxiliary
Page 13/44
LMU/EN U/F
 Page 14/44
LMU/EN U/F

Secondary Tuning Unit

arrester L1
Matching Unit TP3
S13
T1
S12 S3 Protection Unit
S20 S19
S101 S100
S 21
capacitor

S18 TP5
To Coupling

TP4 S2
Ground reference
S29 S30

Impedance matching Draining Primary Earthing Earth

Line side coil arrester switch terminal

AUXILIARY E-TERRAGRIDCOM LMU (E-TERRAGRIDCOM LMU-2)

LMU5000
To Master
User Manual

e-terragridcom LMU
User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 15/44

4. INSTALLATION

4.1 Shipment
In order to protect the e-terragridcom LMU from mechanical and environmental damages,
each e-terragridcom LMU is individually packed in a cardboard box.
For the transport between the factory and the site, the boxes making up an order are grouped
in common containers suited to the mode of transport (ship, aircraft and truck transportation).

4.2 Material list

As described in chapter 3, the LMU is stated into two types. These are identified on a name
plate located inside and outside the door: The only option is the 6 dB attenuator for short lines
that can be mounted on the LMU-1 only.

4.3 Installing and fixing

The LMU is usually mounted on the same metallic structure than the coupling capacitor one.
The fixing is made by means of 2 metallic brackets located on the side of the LMU case. The
fixing can be done using 4 x 8mm screw/nut/washer assemblies (Use stainless steel pieces).
The fixing may also be done using the 2 slots on the side with a lashing using a galvanized or
stainless steel strip (use a metallic band with the following dimensions: thickness = 0.6mm,
width = 4mm at least).
The following drawings give the dimensions for the installation.
LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 16/44 e-terragridcom LMU

User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 17/44

4.4 Connections
In this chapter, it is assumed that the work environment is electrically safe and secured, and
that all the steps of lockout-tagout procedure have been passed. The HV elements on which
the LMU is to be connected shall be earthed and short circuited.

To make the connections, the plastic cover on the earth switch should be removed. The plastic
cover protects the user against an accidental contact with the hot point when working in or
around the LMU. To remove the plastic cover of the earthing switch, unscrew the two plastic
nuts, and then remove the three black plastic pieces.
LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 18/44 e-terragridcom LMU

4.4.1 Earthing
The LMU must be earthed by means of the threaded rod located on the fixed part of the
earthing switch at the bottom left of the case.
The rod is 10 mm in diameter and fitted with a locknut and washers.
This device allows the use of a cable crimp terminal to the physical substation earth.
Earth

Line

Washer ø10mm

Nut ø10mm

Crimp Terminal
User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 19/44

4.4.2 To coupling capacitor

The connection with the coupling capacitor is made by means of a cable to the external R.F
LMU terminal point.
This R.F. terminal point is a threated rod (Isolator device) of 10 mm in diameter, fixed on the
hot point of the earthing switch.
The use of a 10 kV insulated cable (IEC60358) is strongly recommended (for the personnel
protection).
The terminal point allows as well the use of a copper bar (with crimp connection).
WARNING: THE USE OF A SIMPLE COPPER BAR SHOULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH
AN APPROPRIATED MECHANICAL PROTECTION AGAINST ANY
UNWANTED CONTACT BY THE PERSONNEL TO IT.

Crimp Terminal

Washer ø10mm

Nut ø10mm
LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 20/44 e-terragridcom LMU

When the connection is done, re-assemble the parts in the following order:
1. Reinstall the central plastic piece
2. Close the earthing switch
3. Reassemble the 2 plastic covers on each side
4. Tighten by hand the white plastic nuts to maintain the cover.
5. Open and close the moving part of the switch to verify the maneuverability
User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 21/44

4.4.3 PLC equipment or Main-Auxiliary connection

The terminals for coaxial unbalanced mode connection or for symmetrical pair cable balanced
mode connection are located at the bottom right of the LMU.
The cable access is carried out through glands sized for different diameters of cables.

• The Connection is made by means of screw terminal.

• The screw terminal on the right is for the connection towards the PLC equipment.

• The screw terminal on the right is for the connection between main and auxiliary LMU
in phase to phase or Inter-circuits mode.
The following drawings show the connection method for a coaxial cable.

Note that in case a symmetrical cable in balanced mode, the shield of the cable should be
connected to earth outside of the LMU. Generally, to avoid current flowing in the shield, the
earth connection is done on one end of the cable only and generally on PLC side.
LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 22/44 e-terragridcom LMU

4.4.4 Coupling unit installation

Master Coupling Unit

To PLC

To Earth

To Line Capacitor

Phase to earth mode

 User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 23/44

Auxiliary
Master Coupling Unit
Coupling Unit

To PLC

To Earth To Earth

To Line Capacitor To Line Capacitor

Phase to phase mode

 LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 24/44 e-terragridcom LMU

5. COMMISSIONING

Before carrying out the tunings of the LMU, it is mandatory to close the earthing switch
in order to protect the operator against any electrical hazard. Once the tunings are
performed, the earthing switch should be open.
Do not remove the earthing switch plastic cover to operate the earthing switch.
It is also mandatory for the operator to wear his Personal Protective Equipment
(insulating electrical gloves, face shield …) and to use an electrical insulating mat
corresponding to the level of the voltage of the line.

The figures below indicate the e-terragridcom LMU layout of the printed circuit and the location
of the commissioning elements (jumpers, straps, measurement points…)

R37B
R37A

TP5

EARTH2
S20

S19

TP4 TP3

S102
S100

S101
S2

TP1 TP2
S21

S27

S29

S30

B1

GY
BR
S28
S22
S1

EARTH1

LINE
User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 25/44

5.1 Settings
5.1.1 Balanced – Unbalanced Mode
This selection refers to the PLC interface type. It simply consists to connect or not the low
primary point of the Matching transformer to earth.
When PLC Unbalanced mode is used, the shield of the coaxial cable connected to earth.
In this case the matching unit is turned into a self-transformer (not insulated mode).
This selection is carried out by means of the Jumpers S1 & S2.

Mode Jumper S1 Jumper S2

Balanced BAL ON

Unbalanced UNBAL OFF

5.1.2 Coupling Mode

5.1.2.1 Phase to earth Coupling
In this mode, the LMU-1 is only concerned. The selection consists to set the Hybrid transformer
to OFF.
5.1.2.2 Phase to Phase Coupling
In this mode one LMU-1 is associated with one e-terragridcom LMU-2.
The LMU-1 is considered as the Master (it contains the hybrid transformer).
The LMU-2 is called “Auxiliary”
The table below gives the corresponding jumpers setting

LMU-1 Master LMU-2 Auxiliary

Mode Jumper S21 Jumper S22 Jumper S21 Jumper S22
Phase to earth Open Closed N.A N.A
Phase to phase Closed Open Closed N.A

5.2 Matching & Tuning

5.2.1 Matching
The Matching is carried out by mean of selected taps S13 to S20 and S23 to S26.
The table below gives the corresponding jumpers settings;
(C= Closed, Shading=Open)
PLC Impedance

50 Ω 75 Ω 125 Ω 150 Ω
S23 C
S24 C
S25 C
S26 C
LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 26/44 e-terragridcom LMU

Line Impedance
The frequency ranges mentioned in appendix 6 and 7 are not limited to the indicated
values.
The "Return loss meter" RLM5000 allows a fine tuning of the impedance value in any
situation in order to match with lines characteristics and the line capacitor value.
Refer to user process an § 7 Appendix C (Test set-up with return loss meter RLM5000).

Technical bounds :
With line capacitor < 4nF, it is not advised to work at low frequencies because the
bandwidth is too narrow.
With line capacitor > 10nF, the capacitor value has very little effect on the bandwidth.

50 Ω 60 Ω 75 Ω 100 150 200 240 300 400 600 800

Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω
S13 C C
S14 C C
S15 C C
S16 C C
S17 C C
S18 C
S19 C C C C C C
S20 C C C C C

5.2.2 Tuning
The Tuning is carried out by mean of selected taps S3 to S12.
The nominal bandwidth limits are linked to the line impedance and the Coupling capacitor
value.
The Tuning tables in the next appendix A & B give the tap settings for various Line impedances
and Coupling capacitors.
The resulted bandwidth is given for a composite loss less than 2 dB (IEC 60481 standard) and
a return loss not less than 12dB.
This method could be completed by the impedance measurement (see appendix C).
The response is covered by the composite loss measurement (see appendix D).
User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 27/44

6. APPENDIX A : COMPOSITE LOSS TABLES

6.1 Tuning for a line impedance of 200Ω
LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 28/44 e-terragridcom LMU

User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 29/44

6.2 Tuning for a line impedance of 400Ω

LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 30/44 e-terragridcom LMU

User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 31/44

6.3 Tuning for a line impedance of 600Ω

LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 32/44 e-terragridcom LMU

User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 33/44

7. APPENDIX B : RETURN LOSS TABLES

7.1 Tuning for a line impedance of 200Ω
LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 34/44 e-terragridcom LMU

User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 35/44

7.2 Tuning for a line impedance of 400Ω

LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 36/44 e-terragridcom LMU

User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 37/44

7.3 Tuning for a line impedance of 600Ω

LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 38/44 e-terragridcom LMU

User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 39/44

8. APPENDIX C : MEASUREMENT METHODS

8.1 Impedance measurement

Test set up with differential transformer

The method described below makes use of a differential measuring transformer. However,
there are other methods and instruments which lead to the same result.
The test set-up is illustrated on the following scheme.

A A'

C R i2 i1
G Point to be measured

B B'

[A’B’] CORRESPONDS TO THE LMU INPUT/PLC SIDE

Test set-up with return loss meter RLM5000

To LMU/PLC side

V V Return loss meter G G

RLM5000

Measurement procedure
R and C are varied to obtain a minimum on the selective voltmeter (V) tuned to the frequency
of the generator (G). The minimum is obtained when currents i1 and i2 are balanced, which
occurs when the impedances are equal.
Several adjustments will be required to R and C in order to get to an absolute minimum. The
adjustment is considered to be correct when a small variation of R (i.e.1 Ohm) and or C (i.e.
100 pF) results in loss of this balance.
NOTE: If C=0 is found and the measurement is still not optimized, move the
capacitance decade box to A' and B', to get a balance.
LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 40/44 e-terragridcom LMU

Adjustment
Depending on the values obtained for C and R in the preceding paragraph, the settings are
then carried out for the Matching unit (Transformers T1 & T2) and the Tuning unit (Inductance
L1).
As a first step, the Tuning unit is adjusted to balance out the imaginary part of the impedance
(C value as less as possible):

• To reduce C, the value of the tuning unit (number of turns of the Inductance) should be
increased.

• If the measurement has been carried out with C connected to A' and B'(inductive
impedance), then the value of the tuning unit must be reduced. In this case, the value
of the inductance can be reduced to zero.
As soon as C has been balanced out, the Matching unit is adjusted to bring the value of the
resistance as close as possible to the characteristic impedance of the carrier equipment:

• To reduce R, the line impedance selection should be increased. To increase R, the line
impedance selection should be reduced.

In some case, it could be necessary to change the PLC impedance setting (5.2.1 jumpers S23 to
S26), in order to get better results.
User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 41/44

8.2 R.F transmission response

The method described below gives the composite loss of the link. The R.F response is one of
the most significant parameters for the transmission evaluation. It will be used to detect any
transmission disturbance and it could be used to classified the transmission quality (i.e. to
evaluate the SNR in conjunction with the noise measurement)
The R.F transmission response should be performed only if the coupling devices are
previously set, tuned and matched at the both extremities.
Measurement principle

Line Trap H.V Line Line Trap

Substation A Substation B
Coupling Coupling
capacitor capacitor

PLC PLC
Cx Zn Z'n Cx
R.F
R.F G LMU LMU V
Zi Zi Selective
Generator
Voltmeter
Zi=Zn Z'i=Z'n

R.F Response

One R.F generator and one R.F selective voltmeter are connected at each end of the line to
be tested.
These test equipment are connected at the PLC access of the LMU and should have the same
impedance.
Measurement procedure
Set the generator (G) to a notable level (a level of 0dBm is recommended *).
Sweep (by steps) the frequency and record the level value at the voltmeter (V) side for each
frequency.
It is strongly recommended to extend the spectrum beyond the user band in order to detect
any disturbance around (i.e. to anticipate future network extension) or to check the line traps
efficiency.
It is recommended to select 1 kHz steps within the PLC bandwidth and 10 kHz steps out of
the PLC bandwidth.
* Using this value (and dBm unit), the level read on the voltmeter directly shows the composite
loss.
LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 42/44 e-terragridcom LMU

9. APPENDIX D : CHARACTERISTICS
General characteristics
Frequency range 25 kHz - 750 kHz
Nominal P.E.P (Peak Envelope Power) 1000W
Coupling mode Phase to Ground
Phase to Phase (or Inter-circuit)
Coupling capacitor 2000 pF to 13000 pF (see note)
Standard reference IEC 60481
Nominal Impedance
Line side
Impedance 50 Ω to 800 Ω
mode Unbalanced Phase to earth
PLC Side
Impedance 50, 75, 125, 150 Ω
mode Balanced-Unbalanced

Drain coil Inductance 30 mH

Hybrid option
Transformer Composite loss ≤ 0.5 dB
Hybrid Composite loss (when mismatching) ≤ 3.5 dB
Dissymmetry attenuation ≤ 20 dB
Available Impedance 50, 75, 125 or150 Ω

Attenuator option
Attenuation 6 dB
Impedance 50, 75, 125 or150 Ω
Power PEP 200 W

Note: These value are not limitative, an adjustment to other value of coupling capacitor could
be done using differential transformer or RLM5000, refer to Appendix C : impedance
measurement.
User Manual LMU/EN U/F

e-terragridcom LMU Page 43/44

9.1 Environmental Characteristics

Climatic characteristics
Protection index (EN 60529) IP55 or IP66
Operational range Temperature -45 °C / +70°C
Relative humidity 95 % at 23 °C
Storage Temperature -45 °C < T < +70°C
Relative humidity 100 %

Withstand & EMC characteristics

Basic constraints IEC 60481
Power frequency insulation (primary-secondary) 5 kVrms
Impulse voltage Insulation (primary) 6 kV

9.2 Protection Characteristics

Earthing switch
Short-circuit Current 200 A / permanent

Primary Arrester
D.C. Spark-over voltage 750 V
Impulse Spark-over voltage (1.2/50 µs) 1600 V
A.C. discharge current (50 Hz, 1s, 10 times) 100 A
Impulse discharge current (8/20 µs) 150 kA
Nominal current after striking 30 A / 1s
100 A / 200ms
Insulation resistance ≥ 1010 Ω at 100 V

Secondary Arrester
D.C. Spark-over voltage. 350 V
Impulse Spark-over voltage (1.2/50 µs) < 0,8 kV
A.C. discharge current (50 Hz, 1s, 10 times) < 100 A
Impulse discharge current (8/20 µs) < 25 kA

Drain coil (at temperature range)

Impedance within 40 kHz to 500 kHz > 5 kΩ
Impedance at the Power frequency < 13 Ω
Current capacity at 50 Hz
Permanently 2A
For 200ms ≥ 50 A
LMU/EN U/F User Manual

Page 44/44 e-terragridcom LMU

9.3 Mechanical Characteristics

Cables range
Coaxial (PLC side) From 8 mm to 18 mm
Coupling Capacitor
Type of connection Bolt and metric threading (M10)
Type of cable Insulated Cable or copper bar.
Section of cable 16 mm2 to 25 mm2
Grounding Bolt for Copper cable up to 75 mm2
Type of connection Bolt and metric threading (M10)
Type of cable Copper naked cable
Section of cable 50 mm2 to 95 mm2

Physical
Box Material Painted Steel
Stainless steel optional
Box size Height x Width x Depth (mm) 500 x 360 x 120
Weight (Master coupling unit) 7.6 kg
Weight (Auxiliary coupling unit) 7.0 kg

9.4 MTBF

LMU-1 85 382 days

LMU-1 with attenuator 76 876 days
LMU-2 120 773 days