PRELIM

LEARNING MODULE

Introduction to Aviation
English

Prepared by: Marieta G. Castrence &

Asst. Prof. Ramsey S. Ferrer

PRELIM PERIOD
(FLEXIBLE LEARNING MODALITIES)

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 LEARNING OUTCOMES
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

CLO 1. Communicate MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES

confidently using the basic
MLO 1. Demonstrate knowledge
TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
vocabulary of aviation English;
in using basic vocabulary of TLO 1. Demonstrate knowledge on
1. CLO 2. Familiarize themselves Aviation English;
with the daily situations in differences between the common
aviation in which they have to MLO 2. Enhance students’ English Alphabet and the
communicate using aviation listening comprehension, International Phonetic Alphabet for
English; vocabulary and speaking skills Aviation;
2.
through communicative
3. CLO 3. Employ effective listening TLO 2. Enhance listening and
approaches to language learning
and speaking skills in real-life speaking activities which involves
with main focus on interactive
situations in aviation. introducing themselves while using
skills, speaking and listening;
the IPA in spelling their name;
MLO 3. Develop student’s
TLO 3. Students can appreciate the
conversation skills to interact with
importance of using the
people in various real-world
International Phonetic Alphabet in
communication scenarios in
radio communication.
aviation context.

TIMEFRAME:
You should be able to complete this
module including all the self
assessments, research works,
assignments, and other performance
tasks within (3.60) hours.

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INTRODUCTION

The Phonetic Alphabet for Aviation

Pilots and those in the aviation profession learn a special type of alphabet: the aviation
alphabet. This is the alphabet used by pilots, air traffic controllers, and the military, among
others, to correctly issue instructions.

The International Civil Aviation Organization created the International Radiotelephony Spelling
Alphabet, tied to the English alphabet, to ensure that letters are properly pronounced and
understood by air traffic controllers and pilots around the world, despite what languages are
spoken. The ICAO alphabet (as it's called for short) is used to avoid mistakes caused by letters
and numbers that sound similar. Some letters—M and N, B and D—are easy to mistake for each
other. That can be exacerbated if there is static or interference when communicating between
the cockpit and the tower.

As an example, every aircraft has a tail number, like N719BW. When a pilot speaks with air
traffic control or ground control, that plane would be identified as "November Seven One Niner
Bravo Whiskey."

Organizations Using the Aviation or ICAO Alphabet

After the aviation organization created the phonetic alphabet in the 1950s, it was adopted by
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the International Telecommunication Union,
the International Maritime Organization, the Federal Aviation Administration, the Alliance for
Telecommunications Industry Solutions, and the International Amateur Radio Union.

Because the alphabet has been adopted by so many organizations, you'll also see the alphabet
termed "The NATO phonetic alphabet" and there is a variation known he "ITU phonetic
alphabet and figure code." But if you learn the alphabet explained here, you'll be
communicating successfully via radio or telephone in terms accepted worldwide.

The Aviation Alphabet Worldwide

There are a few variations in this alphabet. Outside of North America, some pilots use the non-
English spellings Alfa (instead of Alpha) and Juliett (instead of Juliet). This is because speakers
of languages other than English and French may not know that "ph" is pronounced like the
letter "f." With Juliett, the extra T is added because French speakers know that the single letter
T is silent.

The ICAO Phonetic Alphabet

ICAO offers recordings and posters that help users properly pronounce the numbers and letters.
Only 11 of the 26 letters—Bravo, Ernest, Hotel, Juliet(t), Kilo, Mike, Papa, Quebec, Romeo,
Whiskey, and Zulu—are given English pronunciations by the agencies listed above, although it's
not necessarily the same pronunciations.

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 GOLF, OSCAR, OSCAR, DELTA, MIKE, OSCAR,
ROMEO, NOVEMBER, INDIA, NOVEMBER,
GOLF, CHARLIE, ALPHA, PAPA, TANGO,
ALPHA, INDIA, NOVEMBE.
 A: Alpha
 B: Bravo
 C: Charlie
 D: Delta
 E: Echo
 F: Foxtrot
 G: Golf
 H: Hotel
 I: India
 J: Juliet
 K: Kilo
 L: Lima
 M: Mike
 N: November
 O: Oscar
 P: Papa
 Q: Quebec
 R: Romeo
 S: Sierra
 T: Tango
 U: Uniform
 V: Victor
 W: Whiskey
 X: X-ray
 Y: Yankee
 Z: Zulu

ICAO Numbers

The ICAO also offers guidance on pronouncing numbers.

 0: Zero
 1: One
 2: Two
 3: Three
 4: Four
 5: Five
 6: Six
 7: Seven
 8: Eight
 9: Niner
 100: Hundred

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Use of the Phonetic Alphabet in Today's Culture

Of course, non-military or those not in the aviation business are familiar with the alphabet
through watching aviation and military shows on television. In the movie, Whiskey Tango
Foxtrot, Tina Fey stars as a journalist who travels overseas to Pakistan and Afghanistan to cover
the war. It's easy to understand why the phonetic title was chosen over the original title, The
Taliban Shuffle. "WTF," is a common Internet slang expression and may be exactly what the
journalist would have said upon finding herself in an unfamiliar, war-torn land.

I.BRIEF HISTORY OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AVIATION ENGLISH

 In 1903, “Flyer I” seconds-long flights, American brothers – Wilbur & Orville Wright in
North Carolina marked the very beginning of the history of aviation and changed the
world (Wagner, 1970:2, Dempsey, 1992: 1)
 Post World War II transportation era was dominated by the use of aircraft
 In 1944, Pres. of US invited representatives of over 50 states in Chicago
 7 December, 1944, 52 of them had signed the new Convention on International Civil
Aviation
 Future of legal regulations of for the International Civil Aviation Organization
 It set out the development of international civil aviation “…in a safe and orderly
manner”, and such that air transport services would be established “on the basis of
equality of opportunity and operated soundly and economically.”

STANDARDIZATION OF ENGLISH IN AVIATION

Aviation Language

Aviation English
Airspeak

English is the official language of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 1951
In 2011 the ICAO implemented language requirements on aviation personnel including the
usage of standard phraseology in all radio communication
ENGLISH HAS BECOME THE LINGUA FRANCA IN AVIATION

 The debate concerning the suitability of the English language for the air communication
could justifiably continue due to the specifics of the language (given the phraseology
problems for example).
 Nevertheless, the worldwide acceptance of this language for flying has become a fact
(Seiler, 2009: 44).

AVIATION ENGLISH
• International Phonetic Alphabet
• Restricted Register of Language Use (e.g. Tower Communications)

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LANGUAGE-RELATED AVIATION ACCIDENTS

 The most known are the accidents in the 1970s, opening with the Tenerife Airport
disaster in 1977, the deadliest aircraft crash in the history of civil aviation with total of
583 victims.
 The PSA Flight 182 accident in the air followed in 1978 with 144 victims. However, the
series that directly led to the international recognition of the need for standardized
airspeak occurred in the 1990s.
 The Avianca Flight 52 crashed in 1990 with 73 killed, the American Airlines
 Flight 965 hit a mountain killing 159 people, the most tragic CharkhiDadri mid-air
collision in 1996 left 351 dead
 The 1997 accident of Garuda Indonesia Airlines Flight 152 added 234 victims
 In all cases language miscommunication played an important role and was confirmed as
one of the reasons or even the main reason causing tragedy.

 Extensive research with special emphasis on the language miscommunication between

the pilot and air traffic controllers as one of the factors leading to the crash (Cookson,
2009: 22.1–22.14; Garzone et al. 2010: 217–219; Tajima, 2004: 451–470; Jones, 2003:
233–48; Breul 2013: 71–84).
 ATC-English, which on every linguistic level differs from natural English and falls under
the ESP (English for Specific Purposes) category in linguistics (Breul, 2013: 74). As
Moder and Halleck summarize, the ATC-English “is used for a very restricted set of
functions and has a prescribed phraseology with reduced syntax and vocabulary for
routine actions.
 The most popular examples of the air speak:
“Affirm” for “yes”, “Negative” for “No”, “Cleared” for “Authorized, Go ahead”

THREE CATEGORIES COMMUNICATION ERRORS:

1. Absence of pilot readback (most of the times pilot merely acknowledged the clearance
that she/he misunderstood) accounting for 47% of the analyzed errors
2. Readback/hearback error (where pilot reads back a clearance incorrectly and the
controller fails to catch the readback error) accounting for 25% of analyzed errors,
3. hearback type II errors (where pilot correctly repeats the clearance that was issued, but
the controller fails to notice that this clearance was not the intended one) accounting for
18% of the analyzed errors.

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The remaining 10% were errors of other nature such as pilot misunderstanding the clearance
(Pilot-Controller Communication Errors 1998: 4).

THE ICAO STANDARDS AND THE LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

 One of the powers vested to the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization
(a permanent organ composed of 36 member states and functioning as an executive
governing body of the ICAO) is to adopt international standards and recommended
practices (SARPs) in form of Annexes to the Chicago Convention (art. 54(l) of the
Convention).
 However, the implementation of SARPs is not mandatory under the Chicago Convention.
Member states are only obliged to notify the ICAO about the departures from adaptation
of the SARPs (art. 38 of the Convention).
 The ICAO Language Proficiency Requirements aimed to establish two major rules
concerning the problem.
1. A greater emphasis is placed on the importance of the use of ICAO phraseologies.
2. Even though the ICAO phraseology should always be used in the first place, the fluent
communication in plain English is underlined as necessary and important part of air
communication and “when plain language is required, it should be delivered in the same
clear, concise, and unambiguous manner as phraseologies” (Manual: 2–3).

AVIATION ENGLISH
 Very specialized, well-demarcated, and identifiable use of language
2 Important Features of Restricted Registers

 It is idiosyncratic (limited in vocabulary, structure)

 It is very predictable (probability of word occurrence is high)

ELP BACKGROUND
The ICAO Language Proficiency requirements are applicable to both native and non- native
English speakers. According to ICAO the burden for improved communications should not be
seen as falling solely on non-native speakers - ICAO Doc 9835 states: “Native speakers of
English, too, have a fundamentally important role to play in the international efforts to increase
communication safety.”

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has introduced language proficiency
requirements for air traffic controllers and pilots with the objective to improve the level of
language proficiency globally and reduce the frequency of communication errors. Historically,
insufficient English language proficiency on the part of the flight crew or the controller has
contributed to a number of accidents and serious incidents.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
In 2003, ICAO set a deadline of March 2008 for English language proficiency at Level 4 and
above for all pilots flying international routes and air traffic controllers serving international
airports and routes.

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For States which were not able to meet the March 2008 deadline, full implementation was to be
completed by March 2011.
The proficiency scale ranges from Level 1 to Level 6, with guidelines published for:

1. Pronunciation 4. Fluency
2. Structure 5. Vocabulary
3. Comprehension 6. Interaction

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REASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
ICAO requires that language skills of pilots and controllers rated at Level 4 are reassessed every
three years, Level 5 pilots and controllers - every six years, while at Level 6, no further
assessment of English language skills is deemed necessary.

The Level 4 (operational) proficiency is considered as a minimum ‘stepping stone’ to higher

levels. The main benefit of high international standards of aviation English is that
communications between aircraft crew and controllers are fully understood, particularly when
non-standard words and phrases are used. Also, improved language skills could help increasing
the situational awareness of flight crews in relation to other aircraft, both in the air and on the
ground.

Note: Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/340 states that the validity of the language proficiency
endorsement for expert level (level six) is nine years from the date of assessment, for the
English language. This provision is applicable for air traffic controllers in the EU member states.

Accidents and Incidents

The following events include "Language Clarity" as a contributory factor:

 AT75 / B739, Medan Indonesia, 2017 (On 3 August 2017, a Boeing 737-900ER landing at
Medan was in wing-to-wing collision as it touched down with an ATR 72-500 which had
entered the same runway to depart at an intermediate point. Substantial damage was
caused but both aircraft could be taxied clear. The Investigation concluded that the ATR
72 had entered the runway at an opposite direction without clearance after its incomplete
readback had gone unchallenged by ATC. Controllers appeared not to have realized that a
collision had occurred despite warnings of runway debris and the runway was not closed
until other aircraft also reported debris.)
 GLEX/F2TH, vicinity Ibiza Spain, 2012 (On 21 September 2012, two aircraft came into
conflict in Class 'A' airspace whilst under radar control at night and loss of separation was
resolved by TCAS RA responses by both aircraft. Investigation found that one of the
aircraft had passed a procedurally-documented clearance limit without ATC clearance or
intervention and that situational awareness of its crew had been diminished by
communications with the conflicting aircraft being conducted in Spanish rather than
English. A Safety Recommendation on resolving the "persistent problem" of such
language issues was made, noting that a similar recommendation had been made 11
years earlier.)
 Vehicle / PAY4, Perth Western Australia, 2012 (Whilst a light aircraft was lined up for
departure, a vehicle made an incorrect assumption about the nature of an ambiguously-
phrased ATC TWR instruction and proceeded to enter the same runway. There was no
actual risk of conflict since, although LVP were still in force after earlier fog, the TWR
controller was able to see the vehicle incursion and therefore withhold the imminent take
off clearance. The subsequent Investigation noted that it was imperative that clearance
read backs about which there is doubt are not made speculatively in the expectation that
they will elicit confirmation or correction.)
 B763, en-route, Northern France, 1998 (On 9 January 1998, a Boeing 767-300 operated
by United Airlines experienced an electrical systems malfunction subsequently attributed

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 to arcing in a faulty electrical loom. The crew elected to divert to London Heathrow where
emergency evacuation was carried out on a taxiway upon landing.)
 B735, vicinity London Heathrow UK, 2007 (On 7 June 2007, a Boeing 737-500 operated
by LOT Polish Airlines, after daylight takeoff from London Heathrow Airport lost most of
the information displayed on Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS). The information
in both Electronic Attitude Director Indicator (EADI) and Electronic Horizontal Situation
Indicators (EHSI) disappeared because the flight crew inadvertently mismanaged the
Flight Management System (FMS). Subsequently the crew had difficulties both in
maintaining the aircraft control manually using the mechanical standby instruments and
communicating adequately with ATC due to insufficient language proficiency. Although an
emergency situation was not declared, the ATC realized the seriousness of the
circumstances and provided discrete frequency and a safe return after 27 minutes of
flight was achieved.)

II. General English in Airport Procedures

Airport Procedures on Day of Departure (From Departure to Arrival)
STEP 1
1. Airport Procedure
If you use online check-in, there is no need to go to the check-in counter.

STEP 2
2. Checking in baggage
Fragile luggage checked in will be given a special tag or sticker.

Please proceed to the baggage drop counter to check in your baggage. A

baggage tag with Priority printed on it or a Priority tag will be attached to
your baggage.

STEP 3
3. Security Check
Baggage will need to be checked at the security checkpoint. There
may be long lines depending on the airport and time of day, so please
proceed to the security checkpoint with adequate time to spare.

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STEP 4
4. Immigration
You must present your travel documents. Immigration is completed at
this step.

STEP 5
5. Boarding and Disembarking
Information is provided beforehand via announcements for smoother
boarding and disembarkation.

About Boarding
For information on boarding order, please see Boarding
Order.
 Priority boarding is not available for premium economy passengers.
About Disembarking
Disembark after passengers flying first class and business class.

STEP 6
6. Immigration
You must present your travel documents to proceed with immigration.
Necessary documents may differ by the country. Please check in
advance.

STEP 7

Baggage Claim

Pick up your baggage after passengers flying in First Class.

I. Aviation security

Aviation security refers to measures taken to keep aircraft and their passengers and crew
safe. Aviation security has existed throughout most of the history of aviation. But various events
throughout history have led to heightened security for those travelling on board aircraft. During
the 1970s, modern airport security was first introduced. Following the 11 September 2001
attacks in the United States, security was heightened worldwide. Most countries introduced a

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ban on carrying liquids in 2006. Over the years, experts have tried best to determine the best
ways to enhance the security of air travel, and what items to permit.
Airport design

Each commercial airport contains a sterile area where passengers must be screened prior to
entry. The screening process includes examination of the passengers and their carry-on
luggage. Luggage is generally x-rayed as it passes along a conveyor belt. Passengers have
traditionally passed through a metal detector, though in recent years, airports in some places x-
ray passengers with a millimeter wave scanner. Those who cannot be accurately examined with
these devices may be subject to a patdown.

Screening process

The common screening process for passengers is as follows:

 ID/boarding pass check: Passengers are required to display their boarding pass,
together with a government-issues photo ID, to an agent. The agent will then compare the
name on the ID to that on the boarding pass, and the picture on the ID to the actual
person. The agent may also ask questions as a method of providing additional security.
These may be simple questions, such as one's name, date of birth, or where one is going.
 Body/luggage screening: This is a two part stage of screening. At this point, all
passengers must pass through either a metal detector or a millimeter wave scanner. The
metal detector simply detects metal objects on the body. The millimeter wave scanner can
display any objects on the body. Due to controversy, newer models only display objects on
a generic outline of the body. Those who do not wish to be scanned in this manner can opt
for a patdown. Some passengers may be forced involuntarily to a patdown.
The luggage is placed on a conveyor belt, and it passes through an X-ray scanner. An
agent can then see on a monitor an image of all the contents of the luggage. Agents
reserve the right to open an search any luggage if they are suspicious of any items that
show up on the scanner.
Forbidden items

In all countries, it is forbidden to carry various items onto the cabin of an aircraft that are
believed to have the potential to do harm to passengers and crew. The restrictions vary by
country, but some items are universally banned. In addition, some items are also banned in
checked luggage.
Commonly banned items include, but are not limited to:

 Firearms
 Knives (some countries may allow knives with small blades)
 Scissors (some countries may allow short or blunt scissors)
 Explosives
 Flammable liquids
 Matches and lighters
 Large sports equipment (e.g. Baseball bats, hockey sticks, golf clubs)

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  Tools (e.g. Hammers, saws, axes, box cutters)
Liquids

Since 2006, when a test run was made of peroxide bombs in United Kingdom, airport
security worldwide first banned carrying on any liquids, gels, aerosols, and items with
similar consistencies. The ban was later revised to allow small containers of up to 100 mL
(3.4 US fluid ounce) capacity. These include the "travel size" items sold in many stores.
But there are still limits. The collection of liquids one is carrying must be placed in a clear
bag no larger than one litre and each passenger is only allowed one of these. During the
screening process, the bag should be placed in a conspicuous location for the screener to
see.
Common items that fall into this category include:

 Water and all beverages

 Foods with a liquidy or creamy consistency, such as pudding, peanut butter, and cream
cheese
 Toothpaste
 Mouthwash
 Hand sanitizer
 Deoderant
 All ointments
 Sunblock lotion
 Moisturizing cream
 Cosmetics

When traveling to a foreign country

It is important to be aware that items that may be permitted to carry on an aircraft in your
home country may be banned in the one where you're visiting. It is important to check not
only the list of banned items in your home country but also in the country you are visiting.
You will have no trouble bringing all the permitted items in your home country on an
aircraft. But on your way home, you may be hassled about the same items.
Additionally, in most countries, if you are transiting, you will be required to undergo a
screening at that airport of items you are carrying. You should be aware of permitted and
prohibited items in that country as well.
Of particular concern are drugs, including all prescription, over-the-counter, and street
drugs. What may be legal in one country may be banned in another. And even if they are
legal in your origin and destination countries, they may be banned in a country where you
are transiting.
It is not always easy to find a list of banned items for every country. So if you are in doubt,
avoid taking a chance.

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Commonly scrutinized items

Some items are legal in all or most places to be carried on. But in some countries, they may
receive additional scrutiny due to their ability to hide a weapon or explosives, or for a
weapon or explosives to be disguised as one of them, or be used for other illegal activity.
These include, but are not limited to:

 All electronics (such as laptop computers, mobile phones, cameras, music players, etc.).
Note that some airlines (notably, in the USA) require that all electronic devices
are charged in order to be allowed onboard. This is probably that they want to verify
that the device is actual a harmless device by turning it on.
 Clocks and watches
 Camera film
 Shoes
 Prescription and over-the-counter drugs. For prescription drugs, verification of an active
prescription may be required.
 Large amounts of cash

Mobile phones and other transmitters

Most nowadays phones have a Flight mode which disables all signal activity. While a
mobile phone is extremely unlikely to interfere with the aircraft's aviation systems (for even
if there was a small chance that it would, you would not be allowed to bring it in), it's
advised to follow the tips below:

 Set the phone to flight mode especially during takeoff and landing.
 Long-range signals (GSM/3G etc) are useless, unless the aircraft itself provides such a
service. These services are usually provided in long flights and with special aircrafts
only, at a premium rate.
 Short-range signals (Bluetooth/WiFi) are equally useless, but some big air traffic
companies like Qatar Airways provide in-plane WiFi access in overseas flights.
 Avoid turning on the GPS, for you might draw attention to yourself unnecessarily.
While GPS satellites are visible, the high speed of the aircraft confuses most consumer-
level GPS devices.

How to successfully pass security

 Obey the law: That's what they are making sure you are doing, so if you do, you are
complying with their guidelines. If you are not breaking any laws, they cannot hold
anything against you.
 Don't try to smuggle on any banned items: Scanners used for screening luggage
are very high tech and can detect anything that has been banned. Chances of getting
away with a smuggle are extremely low. Even if you are not planning on harming
anyone, you are still breaking the law by carrying them on and will get caught and
possibly not allowed to board your flight or even prosecuted. Don't try to disguise a

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 banned item as something permitted or hide it between items, hoping the scanner will
not see between them. It simply will not work. The following articles are examples of
people who tried exactly that and were caught: [1] [2]
 Be honest: It is hard for most to lie straight-faced, and agents are looking out for the
signs of lying. It is easy to tell the truth instantly, but if you lie, you will unknowingly
hesitate in your answers.
 Have nothing to hide: You may draw unwanted suspicion to yourself if you are trying
to keep a secret, even if legal. If you are open about whatever is true, authorities will
likely see you as honest.
 Cooperate: If you fail to cooperate without a fight, you will draw further unwanted
scrutiny
 Have the required documents ready: This shows that you are willing to allow the
agents to see them
 Carry the full list of forbidden items: Print out a copy with the printer showing a
date as close as possible to your day of travel. This way, if you are questioned about an
item you are carrying, and falsely told it is not permitted, you can show it is permitted.
You can either have a printout or have a window for the page of the site of that country
already open on your smartphone.
 Don't be arrogant: If you act like you oppose the security measures being taken, or
like you know how the procedures work, this may be suspicious. Opposition to the
procedures is seen as suspicious because it is viewed as an attack on attempts to keep
the public safe. One who seemingly knows the system so well that they know what to
expect may be viewed as possibly having studied the system to learn secrets for all the
wrong reasons. Subservience is key.
 Do not tell jokes about anything bad: Under no circumstances should you joke
about carrying a bomb or planning an attack. Agents will take this seriously!!!! Even
though you intend no harm, you will be treated as if you are carrying out the next 9/11.
It'll be hard to clear your name. And in all likelihood, you will miss your flight.

No-fly list

The United States maintains a no-fly list of individuals who are banned from boarding an
aircraft in the country due to their ties to terrorism. The list originally contained just the
names and aliases of those who were banned from flying. But with criticism that the list
caused innocent people with common first and last names to be hassled when flying, the
list has expanded to include the date of birth as well, thereby reducing the likelihood of a
false positive.

Enrichment Activity:

Introduction to Aviation English

Instructions: Answer the following questions in the form of paragraphs with the following
specifications:

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- Response should be written in MS Word file, not exceeding 4 pages including the
references
- Use Tahoma, Times New Roman, or Arial; Font size is 12
- Paragraphs must be in double spacing and should appear justified

Prompts:
1. Describe Aviation English as it is characterized in the article.
2. Compare and contrast Register and Restricted Register.
3. Explain the importance of two features of Restricted Register.

ACTIVITY 1: Self Introduction

Instructions:
1. Record a 30 seconds self introduction using any applicable and available devices. You must be
seen talking in the video.
2. Answer the following questions in addition to your-self introduction.
a. What are your thoughts about English as language of the skies?
b. Why not other languages?
3. Make yourself stand out by putting all together your thoughts about the questions as you
introduce yourself with the given time, using the English language.
4. Send your output by turning in to our goggle classroom. File name must be (Last Name_Self
Introduction) eg. Castrence_Self Intoduction.
5. Elicit understanding of “English as the language of the skies” by reading in advance the article of
Krasnicka (2016).
6. Yearn for successfully completing this short activity.
Points for Markings
Delivery : 5 points
Fluency : 5 points
Proficiency : 10points
Content : 10 points
Total 30 points

Activity 2: Aviation English Course ACRONYMS (credit to: Arlene D. Pasaje)

A -Accept the fact that English is a part of your life as a Aviation students.
V -Verbal skills are required in our job which demands both linguistics and operational proficiency.
I -Interactwith fellows who speak English and learn from the way they speak the language.
A -Aimnot just level 4. Aim for level 5 and 6.
T-Talk to friends in English.
I-Innovateways how to improve your pronunciation.
O -Orate in front of the mirror and observe your mouth as you pronounce English words.
N -Never be afraid to make mistake. Remember, to err is human.

E -Enjoy and be comfortable with the English language.

N -Noteyour strengths and weaknesses… nurture your interest.
G -Gather and compile materials on how to improve your speech prowess.
L -Listen to other students.

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1st Semester, A.Y 2021 - 2022 17
I -Illustrate scenarios with the use of words.
S -Speak intelligently and with clarity.
H -Have faith in yourself that “you can if you will”.

C -Continue improving yourself attending speech improvement seminars.

O -Organize group activities that include exercises in speaking and listening.
U -Use full sentences during practices. Understand that it takes time to get used with the language.
R -Read, read and read.
S -Sustainyour interest. Practice, practice, practice.
E -so that in the ENDyou will be able to perform your task effectively.
Direction:
Having read the acronyms, choose at least 2 which of the following acronym and its compounded
term do you find more interesting? Expound your choice.
Note: write your answer in a short bond paper following the format: MS Word, short bond paper, Times
New Roman, Font size 12, 1.5 spacing, and 1-inch margin on all sides.

Activity 3: Introduction to Aviation English

Instructions: Answer the following questions in the form of paragraphs with the following
specifications:
- Response should be written in MS Word file, not exceeding 4 pages including the
references
- Use Tahoma, Times New Roman, or Arial; Font size is 12
- Paragraphs must be in double spacing and should appear justified

Prompts:
4. Describe Aviation English as it is characterized in the article.
5. Compare and contrast Register and Restricted Register.
6. Explain the importance of two features of Restricted Register.

References:
Aiguo, Wang Reassessing the position of Aviation English: From a special language to English
for Specific Purposes
Barbieri, Brian (2014) Aviation English: History and Pedagogy
Ferrer et.al Non Standard and Standard Lexicon in Aviation English: A Corpus Linguistic Study
Flores et.al Standard Phraseology in Aviation: Issues, Prospects, and Trajectories for ELP
Programs in the Philippines (2019)
Krasnicka (2016) English with Flying Colors: The Aviation English and the International Civil
Aviation Organization
Locher, Meriam & Pliso, Ana-Marija (2014) Non-Standards Phraseology in Aviation English
Ragan, Peter H. (1996) Aviation English: An Introduction
Trippe, Julia E. (2018) Aviation English is Distinct from Conversational English: Evidence from
Prosodic Analyses and Listening Performance
Zolfagharian, Ali (2017) Needs Analysis of Aviation English for Air Traffic Controllers

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1st Semester, A.Y 2021 - 2022 18
References:

https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/English_Language_Proficiency_Requirements
https://www.tripsavvy.com/icao-phonetic-alphabet-for-aviation-53252
https://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1189&context=jaaer
https://www.ana.co.jp/en/jp/serviceinfo/international/inflight/guide/py/ground/
https://wikitravel.org/en/Aviation_security

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