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Compressor

The single stage compressor uses a single cylinder to compress air using a piston driven by a motor. It takes in air through an inlet valve when the piston moves downward, compressing the air as the piston moves upward. When pressure inside the cylinder exceeds the storage tank pressure, an outlet valve opens and releases the compressed air. It operates through alternating intake and compression strokes of the piston to increase air pressure for uses like pneumatic tools.

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Akash
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63 views

Compressor

The single stage compressor uses a single cylinder to compress air using a piston driven by a motor. It takes in air through an inlet valve when the piston moves downward, compressing the air as the piston moves upward. When pressure inside the cylinder exceeds the storage tank pressure, an outlet valve opens and releases the compressed air. It operates through alternating intake and compression strokes of the piston to increase air pressure for uses like pneumatic tools.

Uploaded by

Akash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment #11 :

Single Stage Compressor


 Objective :
 To demonstrate working principle of compressor
 Introduction :
A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. An
air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor. Compressors are similar to pumps: both increase
the pressure on a fluid and both can transport the fluid through a pipe.
A single stage air compressor works using the force of a piston and pressure sensitive valve. It
is designed to house one cylinder that compresses air with a single piston stroke. This cylinder is
connected to a power supply that provides the force needed to compress the air.The output pressure is
about 50 to 70 psi.

It consists of two tanks upper tank is storage tank and lower tank is suction or intake tank.
 Applications :
 It provide power to pneumatic tools e.g spray gun,ratchet wrenches and air nailers
 It uses in workshops
 Single-stage air compressor uses in auto shops.
 They can use in gas stations and various manufacturing plants.
 Uses Circuit Breaking.
 Uses for chemical industries.
 These compressors use in the borewell.
 It uses for low flow rate and high-pressure places.
 These compressors also use for liquid transfer applications
 Use for spray painting applications.
 Components :
1. Inlet Valve and Discharge Valve :
The inlet valve also called a suction valve. It uses for sucking the air into the compression chamber.
When the piston moves downward, then the suction valve opens because the internal cylinder
pressure becomes low than the external pressure.
The discharge valve uses for discharging the compressed air into the receiver or storage tank. This
valve opens when the internal cylinder pressure becomes high than external pressure. The discharge
valve also knows as the outlet or delivery valve.
These components directly connect with the cylinder. The function of inlet and outlet valves control
through cams.

2. Piston:
This part of the compressor uses for the compression of air. It moves forward and backward in the
cylinder. It sucks air when it moves backward and compresses air when it moves forward.
3. Connecting Rod:
This compressor component uses for controlling the movement of the piston. The connecting
rod connects the piston and the crankshaft.
4. Crankshaft:
It uses to rotate the piston for air compression. The crankshaft directly connects with the electric
motor.
5. Dynamometer :
It is use to measure torque having K-type thermocouple
6. Motor :
Compressor tun by meter which connected to shaft
7. Throttle valve :
When pressure of cylinder gets low valve open and take air from surrounding
8. Tachometer :
It is use to measure revolution per minute.
 Working Principle :
In a single-stage reciprocating compressor, all the compression process takes place in only one cylinder.
Two valves connect with the cylinder, one is an inlet or suction valve, and the other is an outlet or
delivery valve. The opening and closing of a spring or plate valve vary on the pressure difference. When
mechanical valves use for suction and discharge, their function controls through cams.
During the single stage compressor working, as the piston reaches at TDC, the volume of air in the
cylinder becomes zero. In this position, just ignore the clearance volume. As the piston moves downward,
the cylinder internal pressure becomes lower than the atmospheric pressure. Due to this pressure
difference, the suction valve opens and suction stroke starts. At this stage, the compressor sucks air inside
the cylinder through the suction valve.
When the piston reaches at BDC, the crankcase movement helps the piston to move upward and
compresses the air. During this compression process, there is a point where the cylinder’s internal
pressure becomes higher than the external air pressure, and at this stage, the inlet valve closes.
An outlet connects with a storage tank. As the compressed air pressure becomes higher than the storage
tank pressure, the outlet valve opens, and compressed air is released. Therefore, this piston stroke is
known as “Delivery Stroke”. This is a compression stroke of the single-stage air compressor. At the end
of this stroke, the outlet valve opens, and the compressed air transfers to the to the receiver.
The piston moves at a very high speed inside the cylinder and continuously exerts a force on the cylinder.
Due to this reason, the compressor life reduces. To avoid this, a slight curvature provides at the top of the
cylinder

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