Se epee IMPORTANT FORMULAE 1. ELECTROSTATICS GIST IE: No. FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATION a Q=+Ne Q=Charge, N= Number of | Quantization of charges Charge particle : _ QQ Q1, Q2 are point charges F=|To find force between tow 2 Fe ie Force point charges 3. F=QE E = Electric field Relation between F and E “ k=). . distance Becti field due to a = Absolute permittivity BSH Colona: 5. ds = small area To find electric flux 6. 9 = Electric Fiux Gauss Theorem 7 \V = potential difference ti UeeRetrie potental at Re ek V,=Electric potentail at B | done from a point Ato a g=charge point B 8. Electric potential due toa point charge 9. p = dipole moment Electric potential due dipoie 10. dV / dr=potential gradient Relation between electric field and potential 1. U = Potential Energy Potential energy of a W = Work done ‘system of two point harges i Filed intensity due to 12. 2 linear charge density | Fed ‘te poly gus te uniformly charged wire 13. | a) outside the shell: r= radius of Gaussian Filed intensity du to q surface (outside the shell) | uniformly charged gmk Reradius of shell spherical shell b) on the shell: =surface charge permittivity q B= kpzAsq= Anko E=a/€ d) inside the shell : E=0PHYSICS = seca nee 14, sc E = Electric field Field intensity due to thin . [= Fey €o= electric permittivity | infinite plane sheet of charge 15. | C= 4neor C=capacitance Capacity of isolated t=radius of conductor spherical conductor 16. a4 A= area of plates ‘Capacitance of a parallel — d= distance between the | piate capacitor d plates 17. | Grouped capacitors: = equivalent capacitancal To calculate equivalent a) In series. in series ‘ircuit ! C,=equivalent capacitance| °Pacitance of a circut in parallel 18. 1 Q? = U-= Electrostatic energy Energy stored in a U- set zev= sw stored in capacitor capacitor 19. . =, E = electric field strength Energy density of a Uses Ee parallel plate capacitor 20. CVv,+ GV, ‘Vv = Common potential To find Common =~ G+ potential due to sharing off oat charge 21. - vy? E, - E, Loss fo energy Loss of energy due sharing h-&= CCo(V2 — Vo) charges 2, + G) 22. K=1+% lielectric constant Relation between lectric susceptibility dielectric constant & electric susceptibility 23. c= & t =thickness of slab Capacitance of parallel! a -) d=distance between the plate capacitor with plates conducting slab in C,=capacitance between 24. _ K=dielectric constant Capacitance of parallel ~ plate capacitor with dielectric slab in between$$$_—_ass_}-—__— SE a deface en 25. | Values of Different quantities after Introducing dielectric slab between the plates of the charged capacitor : Potential difference K times 4e6? [Energy is supplied By battery When Battery disconnected Qo VoIK Ed/K KCy 4/K time Seok? [Energy used for Polarization —PHYSICS 1S (nr) R= External resistance Unit-2 : CURRENT ELECTRICITY 'S. No. FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATION ~ Q_ nme Fcurrent, Q=charged, t=time, | To find the current ina wpe eee e=charge of electron current carrying wire. 2. = V=Potential difference, Relation between V VaR (Olens tew) Reresistance and 3. I=neAV, Relation between (n= number density of | A=area of cross section current and drift velocity free electron) 4. R= Resistance , p = Resistivity] Relation between = t= relaxation time, m= mass off (i) R and @(ii) R and electron relaxation time 5. _ om e=charge of electron Relation for resistivity ee TV ner p =conductance, and relaxation time 6. C=conducatine, =conductivity] To find C and « 7. j= current density, Relation between j with = ty V, and j with E 8. {1 = mobility of electron To find wfrom V, 9. @ =temperature coefficient of __ | Variation of P with resistance temperature 10. T,- T, = temperature difference | Formula for a 1. R= equivalent resistance in _| series combination ‘series combination 12. |4R =1R, + /R,+ UR.+.| R,= equivalent resistance in| Parallel combination ‘series combination 13. | P=VI=PR=VIR P = electrical power Relation for P with V, | and R 14. | E=V+lr=1(R+r) E = emf of cell, Relation for E and V 45, | VTE-K r= intemal resistance (1) Current is drawn ONTET i V = Potential difference (ji) cell is being charged 16. | (hae r= internal resistance To find internal resistance & R = External resistance by potentiometer 17. n= number of cells in series |Current drawn when n cells lare connected in seriesPHYSICS ener 18. |. me_ m = number of cells in parallel | Current drawn when n cells = Gary?) are connected in parallel 19. | p.m im = number of rows or nenr curent the |=——— 11 external resistance must bq R In = number of cells in each row] (mk anv) equal to the total internal resistance 20. Zl = (loop rule) Stalgebraic sum of charge Kirchhoff s law av = 0 Gunction rule) | Sv algebraic sum of potential difference 21. Polk P,Q, R, S are resistences in four] Balanced condition of Qs arms of Wheatstone Bridge Wheatstone Bridge 22. S = Unknown resistance Working condition for R = Known resistance Wheatstone Bridge 23. V= Potential drop a wire Principle of Potentiometer L= Balancing length Cell 24. E, and E,, emf of two cells Comparison of emf's of two 1, and I, balancing length cell. MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATIONS 4 Biot - Savart Law | dB = magnetic field at a point at GB = Mey Lt sin® | | = current through wire aor = angle between current element] IdI and position vector r. To find magnetic field at a distance r due to a current element) point due to current element. Ho = permeability of free space | To find magnetic field due to a straight conductor. 2 | B= magnetic field due to a circular 2 | pe Hee | coilof N tums at distance X from its 2(a?+ x2 jz | center. a= Radius of coil Hon Bere distance from wire to length point of observation. Ampere's circuital magnetic field due magnetic field in a closed path. F =Forceo V= velocity of charge particle F=B qv sinO q = charge of the particle Magnetic field at centre, x = 0) B = magnetic field magnetic field due to a perpendicular straight conductor of infinite law $B. dl’ = Line integral of solenoid B = HoN Force acting on a charge particle in magnetic field toa 16. | Feq(F 4+ (0x B) Force on charged particle in Lorentz force au Wxey simultaneous Electric and magnetic fields 7. Feittx B F = Magnetic force on a current | To find force acting on a =i 2 ) carrying conductor of length | current carrying conductor F=BILSin® B = magnetic field. in a magnetic field. 8. | Fotohk © = Force per unit length between | Force per unit length ter " two parallel current carrying |, | between two parallel and |,r = distance between the ‘| current carrying conductors. conductors. 9. |T=BINASine = torque experienced by a magnetic field due to a current loop of area A in straight conductor of magnetic field B infinite length N = Number of turns of coil. |= current 10. S = shunt required, ‘Conversion fo Galvanometer Resistance, | Galvanometer ig = maximum current through | into Ammeter. galvanometer (0-i) = range of ammeter = Wi R = high resistance in series Conversion fo 11. |R= (Vig) -G Galvanometer into Voltmeter. 12 Ire = r= radius of circular path in To find the radius of « magnetic field circular path of charged Particle moving perpendicular to the magnetic field. 13. |v v= Cyclotron frequency To find the frequency of cyclotron.ee ——— Unit-4 : ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENT SYMBOLS APPLICATION induced emf. Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction : 2 | e=-Blv magnetic field Motional emf vel metal rod of length 3. V=%BwP V= emf developed To find emf developed between the ends of the rod. | between the end of the rod = angular velocity rotating in the magnetic field. 1 = length of the rod 4. @=LI @ = Magnetic flux Relation between@ and L L = Self-inductance of the coil. 5. | e=Ldi/dt L = Self-inductance of the coil.| To find self-induced emf in a coil 6. €1:=—-Mizdhe/dt M, =Coefficient of mutual inductance di/dt=Rate of charge of current in th secondary coil Self-induced of a solenoid 7. | t= pepo ral 8. | e=nBAwsinut (w = 2nv) He = Realtive permeability Ho = permeability of free space n =no of turns of the solenoid A = area of the solenoid L = length of the solenoid = no of turns of the solenoid] magnetic field rea of the solenoid v = frequency of AC U= Energy stored in inductor Equation of a.c generator Equation of a. c generator To find energy stored in the inductor in its magnetic fieldUnit-5 : ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES S.No.| FORMULAE | SYMBOLS APPLICATION cis the speed of To find speed of e.m. a electromagnetic wave in vacuum wave in vacuum permeability constant and is the permittivity constant Zz 1 vis the speed of To find speed of Ve electromagnetic wave in electromagnetic wave in VEE material medium material medium Laws at a glance : 1. §RdA-0/5, (Gauss's Law for electricity) 2, $BdA=0 (Gauss's Law for magnetism) = 3) Sete SE (Faraday's Law) oe 4. PB edd Hoh. + He GT (Ampere - Maxwell Law) Unit-6 : RAY OPTICS S.No. FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATIONS 1. u - object distance To find focal length of v - image distance, mirror f- focal length of the mirror 2. m = magnification To find magnification mis negative for real images and +ve for virtual images 3. (asomy | A= Angle of prism To find refractive index aS refractive index of prism fractive index of medium angle of minimum deviation. 4. § enh curvature To Sod Rad, 2 image distance, curvature of lens A u = object distancePHYSICS eee S. No. FORMULAE APPLICATION R,, R, = Radius of curvature Lens makers formula f= focal length of the lens To find focal length of n,, n, = Refractive index of lens medium 1 and respectively f = effective focal legnth of To find effective focal combination length of combination f,, f,, f, = focal length of each lens in | of lenses contact. 7 ED m: magnifying power of a compound | To find magnifying m=—X— microscoy power of a compound fo fe focal length of objective focal length of eyepiece L= Distance between objective lens and eye lens 8. m: magnifying power of a telescope | To find magnifyin mba fy Toa ng P of objective power of ee a 'e focal length of eyepiece f = angle subtended at the eye y the image « = angle subtended at the eye by the object WAVE OPTICS S.No. FORMULAE SYMBOL APPLICATIONS 4. w= tan i, 1 = relative refractive index of | To find refractive index the denser medium of the material polarizing angle. 2 | tencoso. |, = intensity of light passing _| To find intensity of light through the polarizer, O= bcs pe between polarizer and analyzer. 3. ap ringe width To find fringe width for Te wavelength offight = interference fringes D = distance between the slits and the screen d = distance between the listsPHYSICS 4. (@ap) 4 = wavelength of light used, To find width of central we D = distance nthe slits | maxima for diffraction = and the screen fringes w= width of central maxima in diffraction 5. Imax _ (a+b) | Imax = Max. intensity To find ratio of max. and Imin (a=) | Imin=Min. intensity min. intensity a, b= respective amplitudes UNIT 7 : DUAL NATURE OF MATTER S.No, FORMULAE SYMBOL APPLICATIONS 1 | eenven& ES Egreny of photon, To find the energy of photon - Donne v = frequency 2 W, = work function Relation between work ¥, = threshold frequency function and V,. 4. i, = threshold wavelength 3. - Maximum kinetic energy | Einstein's photoelectric of emitted electrons equation. = maximum velocity 4 e = charge of electron Relation between maximum V,, = Stopping potential kinetic energy and stopping potential. 5. . = wave length of matter wave] De Broglie wavelength for h = Plank's constant matter wave. 3 6. E= kinetic energy Relation between and E, V V = accelerating potential f V = accelerating potential De Broglie wavelegth for electronWE UNIT 8 : ATOMS AND NUCLEI SYMBOL APPLICATIONS ‘=a, ,2= Atomic number of | To find the distance of closest element. m= cess of electron,| approai v = velocity of electron. approach = impact parameter To find the impact parameter tay ie = scattering angle 2 3. n2n? ' = Radius of n° orbit Bohr's radius (Z =1, n =1) r, = 0.534" (0 Geamaze® hee peed of an rectron in:n? wae speed of light 5. | ge. 2ttméiztet | E, = Total energy of electron in | En —o energy of = rd n° orbit. electron in nth orbit for hydrogen. k= w= _,.Z=Atomic number | Kinetic energy of electror ot I Relation between K. E. and total energy Epp Totel Enonpy Potential energy of electron Relation between P.E. and total energy = Wavelength of emitted i = Wave number radiation. : = Rydberg's constant R,=1.2x 10m Relation between Radius of nucleus and mass number P = Nuclear density, Relation between binding m = average energy and mass defect. mass of a nucleon. E, = Binding Energy Relation between binding Am = mass defect energy and mass defect. 1 a.m.u. = 931.5 Mev = Rate of dacay of radio | Relation active decay law active substances ) = decay constant N, = Number of radioactive N = Number of active nuclei left nuclei present initially after time t.PHYSICS etnhiewn 15. | N=No(%)" NO = Number of radioactive Number of radioactive nuclei left nuclei present initially in a sample after n half - lives. 16. R = activity of a radioactive Relation between R and) sample 7% | ee lean life. T= 144 Taiz UNIT 9 : ELECTRONIC DEVICES S.No.| FORMULAE SYMBOL APPLICATIONS Ne= On Nn, = free electron density Intrinsic semiconductors 2. Me] = band width To find band width stat: To measure the lengthh of 8. lege Length of dipole antenna dipole antenna igtt = V2hR d= The range of TV To find range of antenna 9. d=V2hR fransere ange Ings R = Radius of earth 10. | du=dreda d_ = Maximum line of LOS | To find maximum line of = /2Rhy . /2Rh_ distance LOS distance