Template - 5 Doubly Reinforced Concrete Design
Template - 5 Doubly Reinforced Concrete Design
By:
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Civil Engineering Department
Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams
This topic is intended for fourth year civil engineering students. It is the continuation of
module 4 on design of doubly reinforced beam. At this stage, students can analyze and design
singly reinforced beams and one-way slabs and T-beams. Not always that designers can rely on
singly reinforced beams. There are times depth of beams are limited either for economic reasons
to shorten the overall height of the beam or for architectural purposes that the total depth is limited,
size of beams can be relatively smaller.
Another advantage of doubly reinforced beams is the unnecessary provision of hanger bars
can be avoided because instead of hanger bars compression reinforcement can serve the same
purpose.
Reversible transient loads like wind and earthquake loads require a minimum of
compression reinforcement to anticipate stress reversals, in this case, doubly reinforced beams are
better compared to singly reinforced.
Objectives
Try this!
Look around your neighborhood and try to take pictures and identify the different types
of beams that are present in existing reinforced concrete buildings. In the reinforced concrete
beams that you observed, what are the common sizes of rectangular beams?
Think ahead!
In engineering mechanics, strength of materials and theory of structures, you are familiar
with analyzing a frame. Consider a building frame, analyze it using moment distribution, in what
way will you be able to apply the results to design of concrete beams.
What do you think are the types of buildings where story heights are limited, resulting in
the design of doubly reinforced beams?
Concrete beams can be designed as for tension only if there is no limit to the required depth of
beam. However, in most cases commercial demands for economy requires the shortest possible
story height, consequently the designer is constrained to limit the depth of the beam to be
designed. The result of depth limitation is that concrete compression strength cannot anymore
carry the additional compression and it need to be reinforced for compression. When concrete
beam in reinforced for tension and compression the beam is called a doubly reinforced beam.
Most concrete beams used in practice are rectangular beams because of the ease in the use of
formworks and convenience in design formulas. Design of doubly reinforced rectangular beams
starts with the following given data:
M u = applied bending moment, computed from structural analysis, kN.m
b = width of beam, mm
d = effective depth of beam, mm
d ' = depth from extreme compression fiber to centroid of compression reinforcement
, mm
f c ' = specified average compressive strength of concrete, MPa
STEPS in Design:
Unlike in singly reinforced concrete beams, doubly reinforced concrete design has specified
dimensions, designers need only to design reinforcing bars for both tension and compression and
draw details of final design. The following are the general steps in most design situations, the
student may have their own procedure:
Mu
1. Compute nominal applied moment Mn , assume 0.90
c
2. Compute maximum reinforcement ratio, t = 0.005 or = 0.375 :
dt
fc ' 3
max
0.85 1
E5-1
fy 8
= 0.90
t − 0.0014
= 0.65 + 0.25
0.005 − 0.0014 E5-4
− 0.0014
= 0.65 + t 0.65 + 69( t − 0.0014)
0.0145
t − 0.0021
= 0.65 + 0.25
0.005 − 0.0021 E5-4
t − 0.001375
= 0.65 + 0.65 + 86( t − 0.0021)
0.0116
In NSCP 2010, the following equations for are given:
Under NSCP 2001: Note:
fc ' 600 This value of max and b , are still
b
0.85 1
fy 600 fy used in the CE Board Examinations
max
0.75 b
A beam shown in Figure 5.2, carrying a maximum bending moment M u = 1150kN .m , the
effective depth is limited to 600mm and the width is 350mm. Design the steel reinforcement for
the beam without increasing the effective depth of the beam. Specified average compressive
strength f c ' = 28MPa and specified yield strength of steel f y = 420 MPa .
Solution:
NSCP Discussion Calculation
2015
1. Compute nominal Assume = 0.90
applied moment Mu 1150x 106
Mn 1277.78x 106 N .mm
0.90
2. Compute
maximum
reinforcement ratio
Because equation
E5-1 is used, there is
no need to check for fc ' 3
the assumed value of max
0.85 1
0.01806
fy 8
3. Compute fy
reinforcement index max max
0.36125
fc '
4. Compute nominal M1 max
(1 0.59 max
)fc ' bd 2
moment capacity if
the beam is singly 1002.85x 106 N .mm
reinforced
5. Compute area of As1 max
bd 3792.60mm 2
steel for concrete
compression
6. Compute nominal
bending moment for M2 Mn M1 (1277.78 1002.85)x 106
compression steel
274.93x 106 N .mm
7. Compute area of Assume d ' = 70mm
tension steel to M2 274.93x 106
balance compression As2 1235.09mm 2
fy(d d ') 420(600 70)
steel area
Investigation means determining the strength of a beam given the dimensions (b, h),
reinforcements (As, As’), and the strength of materials used in design (fc’, fy). It requires a
higher level of learning because students or formally called reviewers (the one who review the
design), they are the ones to decide whether the beam is safe or not.
1. Compute the minimum area beyond compression steel reached yield point
510 1 fc ' bd '
Amin E5-15
fy(600 fy )
2. Compute area of tension steel As
3. Compute area of compression steel As’
4. Get the difference As As ' ?
5. Determine whether compression steel reached yield:
5.1 If As As ' Amin then fs ' fy , fs ' fy , follow the following steps:
1) Compute depth of stress block
(As As ')fy
a E5-11b
0.85 fc ' b
Note: As − As ' max bd
2) Compute capacity if singly reinforced M 1 (As As ')fy(d a / 2)
a c
3) Compute distance to neutral axis c and Compute
1
dt
1 5
4) Compute capacity reduction factor 0.65 0.25 0.90
c 3
dt
5) Compute moment contribution of compression steel M 2 As ' fy(d d ')
6) Compute nominal moment Mn M 1 M 2
7) Compute ultimate moment capacity or moment strength M n
1 5
9) Compute capacity reduction factor 0.65 0.25 0.90
c 3
d
10) Compute ultimate moment capacity or moment strength M n
Example 5.2
Determine the moment strength of the beam shown in Figure 5.4 if the specified average
compressive strength f c ' = 21MPa and specified yield strength of steel f y = 420 MPa . Check
the maximum permissible steel area to ensure ductile failure. Es = 200 000MPa .
Solution:
NSCP Discussion Calculation
2015
1. Compute the 510 1 fc ' bd '
minimum area Amin
fy(600 fy )
beyond which
510(0.85)(21)(450)(70)
compression steel
has reached yield 420(600 420)
point 3793.13mm 2
2. Compute area of
tension steel As (362 )(4) 4071.50mm 2
4
3. Compute area of
compression steel As ' (282 )(3) 1847.26mm 2
4
6. Compute depth of
rectangular stress a 1
c 0.85(145.46) 123.64mm
block
7. Compute stress in 600 600
compression steel fs ' (c d ') (145.46 70)
c 145.46
311.26 MPa fy O.K .
13. Compute
capacity reduction 1 5
factor for flexure 0.65 0.25
145.46 3
Reduction factor can 650
1.35 0.9
also be solve from
t . If t 0.005 then 0.90
= 0.90
14. Compute the
moment capacity Mn 0.90(1001.10) 900.99kN .m
Example 5.3
Compute the moment capacity of the beam shown in Figure 5.5 if the specified average
compressive strength f c ' = 21MPa and specified yield strength of steel f y = 420 MPa . Check
the maximum permissible steel area to ensure ductile failure.
Figure 5.5 Beam section Example 5.3
Solution:
NSCP Discussion Calculation
2015
1. Compute the 510 1 fc ' bd '
minimum area Amin
fy(600 fy )
beyond which
510(0.85)(21)(375)(70)
compression steel
has reached yield 420(600 420)
point 3160.94mm 2
2. Compute area of
tension steel As (362 )(4) 4071.50mm 2
4
3. Compute area of
compression steel As ' (222 )(2) 760.27mm 2
4
4. Get the difference As As ' 3311.23mm 2 Amin 3160.94mm 2
As As '
fs ' f y
5. Compute the (As As ')fy 3311.23(420)
depth of rectangular a 207.76mm
0.85 fc ' b 0.85(21)(375)
stress block
6. Compute nominal M1 (As As ')fy(d a / 2)
moment to balance
3311.23(420)(750 207.76 / 2)
compression in
concrete 898.57kN .m
7. Locate the neutral a 207.76
axis c 244.42mm
1
0.85
8. Compute capacity
reduction factor for
flexure
1 5
Reduction factor 0.65 0.25 1.00 0.90
244.42 3
can also be solve from
750
t . If t 0.005 then
= 0.90
9. Compute nominal M2 As ' fy(d d ') 760.27(420)(750 70)
moment to balance
217.13 kN.m
compression steel
10. Compute total Mn M1 M2 898.57 217.13
nominal moment
1115.70kN .m
11. Compute the Mn 0.90(1115.70) 1004.13kN .m
moment capacity
Example 5.4
Design the beam shown in Figure 5.6 to carry a factored moment of 350kN.m if the specified
average compressive strength f c ' = 28MPa and specified yield strength of steel f y = 420 MPa .
Solution:
NSCP Discussion Calculation
2015
1. Compute maximum 0.003
c= d
depth of compression 0.003 + et
stress block
At et 0.005, = 0.90
0.003 3 3
c= d = d = 487.5 = 182.81mm
0.003 + 0.005 8 8
a = 1c = 0.85 x182.81 = 155.39mm 100mm
Figure 5.6 Beam section, Example 5.4
Ac = X = 34386.50mm 2
y=
XY = 93.80mm
X
3. Compute moment M 1 = As1 f y (d − y ) = 0.85 f c ' Ac (d − y )
strength if singly M1 = 0.85(28)(34386.5)(487.5 − 93.80)
reinforced
= 322.20 x106 N .mm = 322.20kN .m
4. Compute area of As1 f y = 0.85 f c ' Ac
tension steel As1 to 0.85 f c ' Ac 0.85(28)(34386.5)
balance concrete As1 = =
fy 420
compression
= 1948.57 mm 2
5. Compute area of M 350
M 2 = u − M1 = − 322.20 = 66.69kN .m
tension steel As 2 to 0.90
balance compression M2 66.69 x106
steel As 2 = = = 373.61mm 2
f y (d − d ') 420(487.5 − 62.5)
6. Compute total area As = As1 + As 2 = 1948.57 + 373.61
of steel reinforcement
= 2322.18mm 2
2322.18
nb = = 4.73 say 5
2
25
4
Use 5 – 25mm bars
b 5 x 25 + 4 x 25 + 2(40 + 10)
= 325 350mm O.K .
The 5-25mm bars can be placed in one row.
7. Compute actual d ' = 62.5mm
stress in compression 600 600
steel fs ' = (c − d ') = (182.81 − 62.5)
c 182.81
= 394.87 MPa 420MPa
8. Compute area of fy 420
compression steel As ' As ' = As 2 = 373.61 = 397.39mm 2
fs ' 394.87
Or
M2 66.69 x106
As ' = =
f s '(d − d ') 394.87(487.5 − 62.5)
= 397.39mm 2
397.39
nb = = 1.04 say 1
222
4
Use 1 – 22mm bars
9. Draw details
Figure 5.7 Final design, Example 5.4
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Concrete Institute, Inc.
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