“Microwave TUBES AND : HEuix TWTs mae AR dlgandan MICROWAVE TUBES: Limitations and’ Losses of conventional’ Tubes at Microwave Frequencies, Microwave Tubes - O Type and M Type Classifications, O-type Tubes: 2 Cavity Klystrons - Structure, Reentrant Cavities, Velocity Modulation Process and Applegate Diagram, Bunching Process and Small Signal Theory - Expressions for O/P Power.and Efficiency. Reflex Klystrons - Structure, Velocity Modiilation and Applegate’ Diagram, Mathematical Theory of Bunching, Power Output, Efficiency, Oscillating Modes and O/P Characteristics, ‘HELIX TWT: Types and Characteristics of Slow Wave Structures; Structure of TWT and Amplification “Process (qualitative treatment), Suppression of Oscillations, Gain Considerations. Limitations and losses of conventional tubes at microwave frequencies. Microwave tubes and their classification as O-type and M-type. Structure, working of two cavity kiystron O-type tube and derivation of its O/P power and efficiency expressions. 99949 Structure, working of reftex klystron O-type tube and'derivation of its O/P power and efficiency expressions: Along {with this oscillating modes and O/P characteristics of feflex klystron, Types and characteristics of slow wave structures used in travelling wave tubes. q q Structure, amplification process (qualitative treatment), suppression of excllations and gain considerations of helix TWT “(. INTRODUCTION “0 riodes, tetrodes'and pentodes are still used as signal sources of low output power at Conventional yacuum tubes, such as t ‘antonal yao 1 over hese tubes oe ot prefered at micowave fequerles eto tet ination and losses. la this unt we study about imitations and loses of conventional acium tubes &t microwave frequencies In order to oyerccine poe stype and M-type tubes were Introduced. We then discuss about klystron amplifier in fact we te eh de ce na eoeare gee Tr ase cpen kistrn as an oxllator, for oxlltion we require feedback to be provided and we will see how Pe eae ee cs the required feedloatk, we wil S68 that these devices ike klystron or reflex Kston they operate cathe ence veloc mediation. And fray, we wl dcis ravellg wave bes or TWTs specially hel ype. x ‘SPECTRUM ALL-IN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS |MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL COMMUNE >} UNIT-1 (Microwave Tubes and Helix TWTs), - ey AE Lee eee nc ss) gs 'PARTA SHORT QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS ‘Qs. Define velocity modulation. a i Ans: an microwave frequencies? z 1. What are the timtations of conventions tubes at unt rp cH), 8 Ze vration of cet velocity in he i pce gon is tnown cn ‘asin enployed ave or high furnce only. Ths spies ued in Kyotons ad magico 0 wou els rn 19, 4 cent jca ntatnensly respond the spective changes ogi olge, Vi both and Y, ae in phase | “The two-cvity kyon sues frm high eins of about 10 20 dB. So, higher ove gain can be achieved by eon. necting mulple wo cay tubes in cscade, giving the output of ach ofthe ube to he input ofthe succeeding coe. In this, each ofthe intermedi cavies acts ta buncher wit the passing electron beam inducing anenkanced RF voliage than he previous avy, Wi four envy Kiso, the power gains of wound 30d canbe obtained. For narrowband operation, ca neuter ad aninproved teadwidth is achieved by sagger tuning the caves upto 8) MH io | EtSembievier ae wed a Kaen ale wsomish1") 8. What are the performance charactriatcs of kystron amplifier? Ane: : ube am, 6) Wa performance carecteristics of atwo-cvityKystron amplifier areas follows, (ah WARNING: Xerces CANA act bial — on fy esc, GD | CREE eso aman coon Fon exomtene sruvers SSS4 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL <= — Parameter] ye ne 00 60 Groza) Yon ey 2. Power ro kw- 500W (Cw) 30 MW pulsed), 3. Rover nn S49 - 7048 (6B nonin) bani 5. | Noise feme 6 | Peoria eicieney [5874 (00-40% noina) Tle a (28, What sa retiex Kiystron? Ane: ‘hc ets ty i ge cv, aie eaenymironave get ona. a om Famer ad ly efciezy ha electron gun similar that of two-avgy Uys but of smal sie. AS he sei am doesnt ‘sue foasing ive Nes00 7.19 99) “Twenty Kiytron 1. [itis wo-eviy (input and ouput caine) device | 2. | Cater avi wed an otptcviy. 2 3. | Inptand ouput cave re uted for modulation ays | 3 ddmodultion respectively Bunchng of electrons limited 4 Table 11. What are the applications of refek kiytrons? aa rates en he roves nts of pean a oman wee athe agen equi it fin 1. Microwave eeiver aoe silat. 2 Comet microwave inks 3. Radar receiver. 4. Parumatic amplifiers a pump oer 5..__Varabefequncy microwave genera signal sure é O42, Whatleaslowwavestuctie? — . ozone, 0a) veloc fare ea oes tt Mich Rovian between etn beam ed signal dave by rei OE (ART wanes asa ody tn penn } | oad LUNIT-1 (Microwave Tubes and Hale TWTs) (G13, What are the advantages of slowwave sucha? Ane: . (ca Pap 1 m1, 90, OHM DD he speed of cs a nat acer fer ante wave on wie. Tiss because ofthe waves teling ste ‘nceased int ample ang the lengh of TWT. Due to tis rewback, bunching proces oes ot [Tis ean a be clini by wing slow wave acres TWT. These scr slows he bunching roe a cca by reacing he seed of tevcing waves below the electron beam peed. This ep io produce large ain ver wide ‘andi Sen 44, What ls the neod of Helin TWIT Ans: * “The reasons for wing hei in TW, 1. Helix decrease he velocity ofthe wave in particular direction eablish the crnmuniatin betwen signal nd clecron eam, 2. —‘tprovides the large ain overa wideband 3, ofes ow impedance. ‘ {QI5, We the advantages oftveling wave ben Ans: ‘The advantages of TWT a, 1, TWEshave very high gun of about more tan 4048. 2 Noise gure in TWTs sa ow 864, . 3. TW1s ave highest BW among amplifies Le, 3010 120%, ‘4. They have high power rating ranging fom few wats 20.000 W. ‘G16. Mention the characteriaie and applications of THT. Ana (Character of TOT 1. Frequency of operon: 300 Miao $0 GHz 2 ceney:20 0 40% 3. Power gin: 40 4B to 60 €B | 4 Bandwiah abou 00 Me 5.» Power ouput: Upto 10. Wats, “These ar used a repeater amplifier in wie band communication links ad ong distance telephony “Traveling wave be ar wed as oust power be in communion elit becaise fis ng bei, $0.00 bs: veo nvr ih Yn TW tga ate pani ee pov Mae ee eee tin etna a ihn Pel Np powe nn nd BOM pound bd a. (gases recrmum att owe count Fon evcncznne sruoewrs} PNT?a tations ofconvetns! 7. Inga epainn tnaone at ge ce, 98,048 (09 State the tations of conventions bes t Nigh requances ey 8, 080) (on, nat are the timitations of conventional vacuum ‘tubes to operate at microwave frequencies? pes A.) (on) What are the limitations of conventional tubes at microwave requoncies? Mine] % Lend inductance Effect: The voltage appearing ‘anot be wed at micronave eqoncies ie, 100 Me 1. Ineelectode capacitance effet 2. Leadinducance eft 3. Transittime eet 4. Ghintundith ination lt i se tion ons 1. merece Capea tet Ato ain teen te ere ‘iteces hwphay Steere Sen ess idee ye (bse ot hr cet aig fequncies). Cy, Cy and, a the intrlceade | core ine lt adr an tee Sone, Faure Remedy: By ecg he inter lestode a Gy. Gy and Cy the Above effet cin be i ‘Ths cpacians an Be reduced by aes of electrodes, increasing the distance eves, a active lectodes is less than the voltages ae ‘raat Time Beet: The ime taken for he ‘otnvel fom cathode to anodes known ae asl (.Galn Bandwidth Lintation: The gui-bandwidth roduc tuned cet given by, Sine, the gain bandwidth producti independent of supply frequency. Higher gin cn be achieved the cost ofbandwidth at, ond Cae ine fos prclr tube ampli, ‘This limitation canbe overcome by wing reentrant cavities and slow wave tubes over lrge bandit Effect due to RF Lowes RF loses in conventional tubes species two losses. They ae, (2) Skin Etet Loser: The creat has tendency to confine ise toa sal rose seton of the conductorUMIT-1 (Microwave Tubes and Helix TWTs) 2 2 aa 20. Clsaty te various microwave tubes wth respect othe orenaion of electe and magnate es. ane: “ peas bee] uns for generating electron beams. Microwave tubes not only generate but also amplify higher Se pppoe ony ioang (ees are rad chs ino to pes Tey WO" Fas ue “The denominator gives ihe characteristic equation, oot of which gives the extreme frequencies @, and o, SPSS SS eonfome ™ ([Wegecen] [WCF] [Geet ] iron] [Earcinn ] [Grete] x Fw 4,” Linear Beam Tubes (O-type): O-ubes tubes are the microwave tubs in which the magictc field is lone wed for ‘ocusing of the electron beam, the beam paths atnaight line Hence, hese tubes real inca bear tubes. OPE tubes are clasied es, © Cavitytype Gi) Slow wave struct, 1% Crossed Field Tubes (M-type: M-type tubes ae the microwave tes in which the elec and magnetic elds ae prependculr to ech ther. Hence, these tubes re lo known a rose Bel tues, M-ype tes are classified a, In conventional vacuum tubes. Negative résistance ype ‘ Anes Figue shows the equivalent circ of « vacwum tube ample. The tans futon othe ccna given ca tS) in 0» Fy ewes ae ce ig % z . 1 Bu the manu gin is chieved, when te cia srcaee . Tes, Gain at resonance given by, fag ee > Hs 1 omit, = HD Ch ma de 4B ese tet G _ fm Ors hs ie eer € (After applying apace ansorm) ‘Toe gin bandwidth product isindependentof equete go med ! asa ALLIILONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS) a ach ks Rhy end py i wk En, gg Sic “Sliiisrecrawm.witha neat dlagram. Ane: nm.) ‘Two-avty Kipstron Amplifier Construction F Jn fig (), kyon tbe consis of ncer ong vi andcatcher or ouput cavity. Sic, pds nench cay ‘wcscpaniedby asmal ppibeyarecanedeareettanteaee, ‘The input cavity i excited with the help of an RF sigual. Te electron beam is injected int the be reaches ti ‘lacy is vais in accordance with hip sialon ‘odulton). (GR Wann: xecuretcnn oi bo Chun st develops an tere cleo bea (VIBE mod siti gc ae sh ne (on) Explain the principle of a two cavity Klystron | soa This hoe that changes in velocity of let) secre wiht RF ylage es vec di sf eeron bam. a ‘The velocity of electrons accelerated by the high DC voles / scons fore eating the bunch ih cmbecaenedst The following assumptions are made in the analyst wel tate "Alte clectons mt be passed trough he mob o ‘onche avy 2. The maguinde of he microwave signal ings, V8 ‘mabe he ecerating DC volgs 0551 3 The effets of space charge are negligible tae iy UNBLE as capcedgs. JD LUNIT-1(erowave Tubes and Hes TW) » a a ey, MO) =~ selgfenson, ~ 0804] ‘As the D.C vote, 7, i vey laa tan the wid ‘nt inal vlinge, Fhe cto ns ie, a8 bined as, Rearanging equation (5), we ge, wn Selene Equation (6) gives the velocity ofthe electrons as long, ‘they ar within the cavity ga Consider‘, athe time at which the electro eaves the | ‘2p. Then the coresponding velocity is ven. -@ Sierovenn Tubes nn Then The fre need in these al ES Var mY, <= Fe -O |i, ‘Sobained using shor - wie. Hence, these reentrant cavities ae designed fortes application in Kystrons and microwave ‘odes. jTSPECTRUM ALLAN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS01 ,ATIONS LINTU-HYDERAQ; MMUNICATI np OPTICAL CF UNIT-1 (erowave Tubes rea. Some ofthe shaper OFTEN ad He ein : mwa ‘Consider radial eooant avy as shown a : - a = so = = = a = ~ Hes) fe ena ‘The resonant eguency ofrai rent cavity ven * 2 fo wc iri pee) an elit modulation ade anon cum, which pests tough se bance enya EE x {SPECTRUM ALL{N-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINE (A Warne: NS CML Ln VLAN wine ESA preThen ir eecsey cond fo twee 1 1nd mec ase dace ALi £ Mig, ayn Bin wen She pons a) AF voltage = 5s Where, 1, Time taken by electron teach ete ‘This can be expressed in em of radians as, oF = 01,01, % 4) tn Ee t y ora ‘ Where, A ~Bunching parameter of kiystron LUNIT-1 (ikowave Tues ind Hat tw From equ > 7, “Transit time without RE voage ¥,= * ©, ~Transit angle witout RF volage y= ut (represen el eto an sohion ‘seiven as, Pog 2 V9 si, where, (0) > Bessel funtion of fet onder forth argument “€ Assuming 1 numberof lector moving fo bnchr tocatcer cavity, then the veraps energy associ given a, Fog = NP, Etcieney ofa Two Cavity Kiytroa: Thefficincyof2two |). «avy lyston defined 8, % e ‘The expression for D.C apt power P,#ENeRDY. Pade Where, 1, Anode wings 2y-Onsput uest Since Vis vaya estan Vth maxima possible [vas E—2er de ~o ‘Ao gin pode) = 1 Wer, © — Tot phase hit in thereon and te ‘ceteckele act rssh hy waar ie! 2 voliages inet Ute wo resonators otilate in pase i 80 then the ‘maximum output power is obtained atthe out of cil. Substinting 0~ 0 equation (1), a= 2% 2 @ ~sos)RYSpEETRUM ALL ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS6 : "Tae ave condo rd ces fr be obenined over wide range. Wheres a {a. he cvy atom anpieras to owe ven Vix25mA R= 3040 tome tam rhe =2082 oto (©. The Input votage for maximum output votage. (0) The vokage pln n ectet, o rig melee Fa (i) Vols gain in 8,4, =? Gi) EAceney, n=? 0 Treen ets yen, 7 me o Where, 2X Bunching parameter ¥,~D.. volge between snd nd cathode ve, ret ange @=12238 Tee ping contents given by, . pie SPECTRUM ALLAI-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS JW"UNIT (Microwave Tubes and Hebe TW. “Assume that, the elestons ae ara econ. ‘opuaning in 2 Conidae twit elec ese aes ‘Sent, | Operaon o- ytoet, eat) =| paneing Pree nil, envi voage veoy . mensnene patie meres ee ianisetne a psoe coe input signal volge, V7, the electoa tat time 244, | TO caer into repeler space, than those with unchanged (©esrecrnym anon souMna Fon ewaesnING sroDERTS HHLUNIT-1 (Miromave Tubes and Hota TW) eee rocenciate Pome Sane ae A Wawona 32. Formulate Power Output and Efficiency Tr ang OP atx Kiyetron ample, ” een 28, R28) tpt of Reflex Kiystron Potvin nw i 01.2 wont 2 -remberotmoe Inarefex tyne edition of dcoon beam cin be aed he sane ay nso Coo) Kye Th he bam ce fe Ren Spends tort Zadar, -6,-0,) 0) fromthe hod exten efit cpt ea ; ste indredeun tec wih oot moaned * 0D Sercin eetnimae 4 ~ Bdy= MBIA oman, ~ 0) @) ‘Then the fre exe in te elo ld‘ is given Fomeneb 2) Aming the electrons re propagating in =-retion, ‘The magnitude of hove exrston cn be writen 8 4, 24400) O ‘The de orinpit power supplied by the beam voltage V, ‘Sgiventy, Pea PV, 0) athe aco ouput power delivered the ais obnned % ‘electronic efficiency of reflex krystron. ars ‘Theclectons injected into the ube travel with anna Ol = yet ~o je9)2%gpecraue ALLAWONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS|"=c"9PHWHS‘L~Distance between cavity expand reper crete 0 regen fepersonin eins pres 2 Vel of econ ena Tor Sanaa freer Kyovon sciitor and sap ee ondtion of ncileon rom sine anes Figur () shows he equal ceo ree ‘Kdystron oscillator, * form s given. eth he q esa ota Fotbereer atoning form is given bys When th net admitance is leas than zero, oxi se produced inthe refx kyon. | : ‘3s: Explain the performance charactrstics of a ‘flex klystron tube with neat sketch. ‘The required specific combinations ofanode und epetix ‘voltages are used to produce the oclitions ae tha wil ieUNIT: (crowave Tube Hebe THING + Woes avawoaoiny * eS et Lf repelles voltage it vasied by even 2% fequeney yooe tps conden variation in isc itive to repeller fale th pe eapea, 5) = Fit err tion sent tno eget ; 7, ~Ampinge ft inp sgn soaps cara oven mediedell (ree a fp vag Smen=amer C0201 2] nu, dedmpins of te apt RF signal ee ean in ate ree eee ‘connection of a protective diode across the Kklystron, so that The tut ine nd tg hon option) ee cee Tere a Méchanict Toning Mechanical tang of yet kiystron may range om + Subttitng vai in equation (3), we Be, igre een Met inet pe as. Expia aboutlectonc and mechani 9 Inreflexkiystron. i =O nas none snso.cny | et enh net diac is than zr, nae ProieToneg . ‘s potuced lathe refx Lyston, cin rnp ating 5 Ms T=G+8, volags (7) The tuning range shot “The, te cnn fa ciation i, q Bie Usa Sif gpeCTRUM ALONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS csi OBMVARY CT aa mers 7p CR: ‘hen te ip vos Ff eex ky can be bined a P=909 mW ‘As 20% of he owe diver by beam is i cavity wal 80% power is dliverd to load, P= 9010 =7770W Pa Taraw sd the electronic eficiency ofa reex tyson is © Feet Yer G61. "A refx fiystron has folowing parameters p= 800V, = 1.8mm. R, = 15 k0, f= 8 GH Caleulate, (Tho repetier voltage for which the tube can osctate nme 0) The direct current necessary to give Pa NIT (owe aber a te Tey See yea eect a i SV 103 Gh, Whee «DC beam of 250V, a epator pacing of 0:1 cm for +3 mode, Detrmine he mum value of power and the corresponding repeller voltage fora beam current of 60 mA. ‘The expression for repel voltage of a reflex kystron microwave gap voltage of 200 V. (i) Electron efficiency. F-9GHe ool inah Foe prod 08 & microm esi, ct caret 7,as enh 12 pea (on 43, Discuss the a Shiva Sct ite i epee. ; sco wi fof ive onan Teel anes roa equa nd ome ee hl caress seme nde Sedans tn wvelig wave CTT, eds elecoon skirts ee wi on vk * cer an ay yf hs eof chet in WT rc ete te bunching proses by redueine oe large gain over a wide band width. Merits - (This arte fs inductive pa of show wave stractre which provide systonizatin with cers Re Oa ines Pome pin the princi of working of traveling (© Weis mr vip toc orig @ Conteoor ee i Inert nen em Mert poet wet cin vnpin cin | Senos Sc Pepi net | errr Ut 0, Toe Spe mean, : rang Wve Tate (Gi) Heat dissipation is good. “Travelling wave tube is a wide bandwidth or brosdband Peat ceneins enya mniimonte Demet noeganeecente | rip nna mira ante ae te JOURN) omens € a ALLJI-ONE JOURNAL aE 2) geaasrecrw aTConstraction ‘i “The canton of lx uel wave abe se Eraniyinadab trite + (xd)’ 1 Hei pitch Where, * g- Heli diameter 2 pits Ga fru 2 | inl ample. This esas in args amplicon fp | votige athe apa i ‘Ge, Explain with neat sketch, the principe d fcuatons forthe maximum voltage gal ‘Anat gay 84 TWT Ampliter i the electron energy to tveing wave. ‘Working: When a RF signal wave is inetd it the hl slow waveguide, it tavels in the fom of ail Ell As te signal eavels hronghhetx the electron inches ees carey which eatin splifation " For anwer refs Unit, O46 (Guin and icency Equations i ty, Deon erpowergin ind) of aT WTB ‘The denser bunch of lors pli the signal ui the RF wave ad lerto ean tel dvs te ead ‘his energy ofthe buch oopense he lain syed provides consent amplicon of gal ike augur A=-954ee13 CAD + Wan, Length of stow wave sruture (8) ‘Te fflectod waves produced ue to impedance 7 slomachave tented bythe stems, placed atte eg of meraction repon. ‘Tac inatonbeween slg et, eam sod retaring elds showin gue) operation of a TWT amplifier and write) ve LUNIT-1 (Microwave Tubes and Het THR 3 ‘aan na TWT ampli and gain explain the param: ‘Anat Conse ely ached src witha, SS placed et the err of he be heared ‘The overall og the um of individual og of forward wvelng wae. Walvis of He) Kew ony (G47. Estab the mathematical rlaton for powerLUNIT-1 (Microwave Tubes and Het ‘Aid ec cut of even wane SETS a Bey ® where, 1 Popeation const or ~ Cunt impedance ‘oer of tmveting wave be canbe obi by sling ean (1) and (2) smalaneosly for he propagation congas The ots fe Poppaton cna pecs deo ving wasnt tbe. Basel, our dferet modes of eveling wave pote in ype tveling bet there efor tine solos for prope constants From equations (1) and), P-1YOB— WP =—j Pinseate ‘The sove uation has fou oot sits 1 Bauation ) rede, BB. =~j LBD Bate = HMO-Ay 20 HF Where, fourth order equation in. By using the approximation, can prmetig wae be meee’ ‘The equiion Sree ti there soe backward vein wave coresponding toe and thee forward traveling ‘waves coresponding to «4. Assume that the propagation constant of forward traveling waves a, “0 ‘The above equation cn sso be writen a, 9] (220, 1,2)ard taveling WAVE 8, Similar, min opens “ 1-8 ” ation (5) “Ten the fourth oo ote by, sain exuation 13) negation) ‘ith pase velo lower thn electra beam velocity andthe ener flows fom waveto he electon bea, “The wave comrponding 10 forward wave adits ample eins constant. This wave propagates with phe ‘velocity and thre is et exchange of ney The wae cmepnding 1. waves hei cane mpi, This wave propagate witha ‘loci higher tan the lecton beam vlan theres et exchange fener. (G51. A TWT operates with foiowing parameters, V,= 2.5KV,|,=25 mA, Z,= 10, circult length L=60,f98 ‘GHz. Find the gain parameter and power gan. Ana: Genta," Fora TWr, va2sKv 1,=25mA 2-108 1-50. fo 9GHe cusremeee 6-2 Power san, 4, Swine nica neice ws ‘The wave comespooding to, forward wav adits amplitude decay exponatlly wit distance, This wave propigs (0) Gain parametae (8) Output power gai tn a ana (HA Fourroagson ofan, (oan ap ot ee OY (09, [ATW operates under following parameters (i) Output power gain in dB. ne-1omcn) Given du, Fora TWT, Beam voage,/,=3kV Beam euret f= 20:0 ‘Charntric impedance Z,~ 100. ict eng = 50 Frequency, f= 10 GHz ccaa at oe JURA. OR ENE TUDES ERTLUNIT-1 (erowave Tbs and Hl THT). i “GEA. A O-ype TWIT Gperoind or Oe Sa Speraied st 26H. The slow wave structure has a plich angle of AA and eianuatlon habe ‘Determine the propagation constant of the travelling wave In the tube. Nome 8 270) ol srecram ALLAW ONE JOURMALOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS."LUNITAT (Wlcrowave Tubes ard Holic TW) (0 Gain parameter (1) Output power gain in dB and ° (i) AN Four propagation co v Jana: Refer 033. ‘Anas Refer Qh —a (or in), 6) | 8 oN 22. How microwave tubos are classified? Ef >) 212 Explain he gain bandwidth product imation in conventional vacuum tubes, ‘Anas Refer Q19 ere in 213. Explain Reentrant cavities, ‘Anat Refer 02. Ana: Refer 03 23. tn detail explain the imitations of conventional tubes at microwave frequencies, ‘Avs: Refer Q17. arch (6h | Apay 18 (3, | Maye, Ri, cH) Now| | a4. Formulate Power Output and Emcloncy in Reflex Kiystron amplifier. (G4. Explain the working principle of two cavity Kiystron with the help of applegate diagram. Also ‘Anat Refer Q32. : a ‘write the expression for velocity modulation and voltage gain. 15. Derive the expressicns for repelior voltage and electronic efficiency of reflex krystron. Ans: ReferQ22. + (rch (6, 4 Mayne 9,9, cH) How RO, 8) ‘Ans: Refer 3. pnt aon Q5. Compose and explain about two cavity Klystron amplifier and derive its 16. Draw the mode curves of reflex lystron and derive the relation between mode number and pelle In reflex klystron. ‘Ans: Refer Q24. __(octon-2, 6) aL Apany-8 (2), a) |NovsDee- 16 3, 8 [Ne Dwe12, R08) ‘Ast Refer 36 pera un Cer bay nat econo and option ofa yon enter, Sfp was aoe eeaneedames nea fans: Refers. ‘nent ‘Ana: Refer 030 5 a 5 ayn ae Q18. Discuss the significance and types of Helix TWTs. G7. How the osclations are generatedinreflexkiystron and explain bunching process with —— ‘ate diagram and als derive the equation for eicieney. AnseRefrQ8, 0 __temmuonsn Anas Refer O31 2.8 en, ttn hash ep pon ct TT atin wt nt nce oltiow maximum votage gan and fleny. (28. Whats the sigitcance of sow wave structure? Explain the amplifcation process ss omen ames ReferQas, BREEN 20. How oscillations are prevented in a Travelling Wave Tube? (arch (16, GHD) Now ee-48, 9), a) Noy ‘Ans: Refer O45. (28, Explain the significance of slow wave structure inthe amplification process. List out the major differences betwoen TWT and kistron. Anat Refer 049. characteristic Impedance of 2,= 100, crout length, N= 60 and frequency = 10 GHz. Determine, resane® oF : aut oe JOURMAL FOR a 3: Xe Pg ca : ¢ so svn) gpecTRUM ALL! SUR Wann: SSC ay wt ® Pec ENOINEERING STUDENTS St SEIN _