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Development of multipurpose bed cum wheel chair for paralytic attacked and
elderly persons Development of Multipurpose Bed cum Wheel Chair for Paralytic
Attacked and Elderly Person...

Article in AIP Conference Proceedings · October 2022

DOI: 10.1063/5.0108062

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Development of multipurpose bed cum
wheel chair for paralytic attacked and elderly
persons
Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 2527, 030007 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0108062
Published Online: 14 October 2022

Samson Jerold Samuel Chelladurai, Nitheesh Sankara Narayanan, Pechi Muthu Jaganathan, et al.

AIP Conference Proceedings 2527, 030007 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0108062 2527, 030007

© 2022 Author(s).
 Development of Multipurpose Bed cum Wheel Chair for
Paralytic Attacked and Elderly Persons
Samson Jerold Samuel Chelladurai1,a), Nitheesh Sankara Narayanan1,b), Pechi Muthu
Jaganathan1,c), Kumaran Subramanian1,d), Nitin Vyas Ravichandran1,e), Sanjeeve Rajamani2,f)
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil
Nadu, India
a)
Corresponding author: [email protected]
b)
[email protected]
c)
[email protected]
d)
[email protected]
e)
[email protected]
f)
[email protected]

Abstract. The objective of this system is to provide mobility and maximum comfort to the patient without the help of a
care giver. The back rest and leg rest of the wheelchair is controlled by linear actuator. Design concept is carried out
through Solid works. Navigation is enabled through joystick which in turn controls the motors of the wheelchair. The
wheelchair offers more comfort features than previously available wheelchair versions. The main features that are to be
implemented in this model are pressure sore prevention and monitoring the vital body signs of the patient continuously.
Pressure sore prevention enables the patient to use the chair for a long time with ease. The main components used in the
system are DC Motor, battery, linear actuator, leadscrew. In a nutshell, the outcome of this wheelchair is that it will be
able to provide mobility and comfort to the patient by operating solely by the patient himself..

Keywords: DC Motor, linear actuator, Pressure Sores

INTRODUCTION
There are about a billion people in the world who have some various types of disabilities which amounts to about
more than one-tenth of world’s population. The aim of this present innovation is to design and manufacture a
wheelchair cum bed which can be controlled by a joystick provided with the wheelchair. This wheelchair will aid in
the mobility of people who are disabled or people with paralytic attack. Therefore, the outcome of this project will
be lending a helping hand to such people to have a life with being less dependent on a caregiver. This is a joystick
operated wheelchair which is powered by a battery fixed alongside. By operating the joystick, the patient can
actually move the wheelchair and also convert it into a bed

Researchers and analysts working on the development of motorised wheelchairs have been working on the
project for several years. It is composed of three parts: a frame, a seat, and a linkage mechanism that connects the
three parts. Two motorised locomotion units are integrated into the chassis, which also serves as a support for two
electrical gear motors, two idle triple wheel units, and a battery pack [1]. The seat is a tubular structure that is made
up of a chair and a pivoting wheel that is attached to the frame. During the stair climbing operation, the linkage
mechanism is responsible for the relative motion between the frame and the seat. The seat must be moved
backwards, then reoriented, and finally the pivoting wheel must be raised in order to successfully climb the stairs
[2]. When the seat is shifted backwards, the wheelchair's centre of mass shifts to a safe position, preventing the
wheelchair from toppling over completely. The same is accomplished through the use of a four-bar linkage. In order
for the linkage mechanism to function, a mini-motor that is connected to a lead screw device must be turned. As
soon as the seat has been positioned to the desired level, the motor is turned off, and no additional energy is required
to keep the seat in that position.

International Conference on Advancements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering – ICAMME 2021

AIP Conf. Proc. 2527, 030007-1–030007-6; https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0108062
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-4202-3/$30.00

030007-1
 After consulting the DLF (Disabled Living Foundation) factsheet [5,] the requirements of the customers were
researched and evaluated. The factsheet provides an excellent overview of what the user requires, wheelchair
features, preliminary considerations before purchasing a wheelchair, wheelchair controls, how to negotiate curbs,
specifications of batteries and chargers, special features of motorised wheelchairs, accessories for different types of
wheelchairs, as well as information on insurance and customer needs. Murray [3] has provided an overview of the
history of mobility assistive mechanisms, as well as recent developments in the field, while also discussing the
relative importance of stairs and wheels. Mobility scooters, track-based stair climbers, clustered wheel concepts, and
caterpillar wheel-based devices are just a few examples of the many different types available.

Several authors, including Lockton [4], have written about the retrofitting of electric power into manual
wheelchairs. In a comparative table, the existing products and configurations are compared and contrasted. Various
product specifications are categorised and briefly described in the following sections: 1.The evolution of
wheelchairs over the course of five years has been investigated and summarised by Peizer and colleagues [6 -7]
Anthropometric parameters must be taken into consideration when designing an ergonomic seat.Professor D.K.
Chakraborty's book on Indian anthropometric dimensions is consulted, and the necessary measurements and data
have been gathered from Indian Anthropometric Design. When the levers are pulled out, the chair transforms into a
stretcher for the user. According to the convenience of the patient and doctors, stretchers can be detached from the
main frame, making it easier to access the patient while exerting less effort and transporting them [8].
Mechanical linkages or an electrical motor have been used to convert wheelchairs into beds and vice versa,
allowing people to use them for a variety of purposes. Lowering the back portion is accomplished through the use of
a slipping mechanism or a pulling mechanism [9].Wheelchairs are frequently variations on this basic design, but
there are many different types of wheelchairs, and they are frequently highly customised to meet the specific needs
of the individual user. Several basic wheelchair models can be modified, including the seat size (width and depth),
the seat-to-floor height, footrests/leg rests, front caster outriggers, adjustable backrests, controls, and many other
features. Some users, often those with specialised needs, may have wheelchairs custom-built [10].

OBJECTIVES
To design and fabricate a wheelchair cum bed capable of providing mobility to a paralytic attack patient or
people with disabilities to move independently without the help of an external person. To equip the wheelchair with
health care monitoring system such as blood pressure and heart rate monitoring sensors. Arduino is used to control
the operations. To comfort the Wheelchair turning into bed for the patient with more features than an ordinary
wheelchair

DESIGN OF MULTIPURPOSE BED CUM WHEEL CHAIR

The Fig.1 shows the design of Multipurpose Bed Cum Wheel Chair. It is designed for mild steel and can
carry a pay load of 120 kg.

FIGURE 1. Model of the multipurpose bed cum wheel chair

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 ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
The block diagram depicts the method in which the Arduino controller controls the different features of the
wheelchair which are health monitoring system, pressure sore prevention and navigation process has been
accounted. Alsoall the impacts of an single process over other processes have been displayed in the block diagram.
The complete inter connections of all the electrical components used in the system are explained in Fig.2. In this
chapter, the detailed description, working and characteristics of each component have been listed.

FIGURE 2. Electrical circuit for automatic multipurpose bed cum wheel chair

Arduino UNO
Arduino UNO board is used as the controller of the bed cum wheelchair. It is one of the cheapest
microcontrollers and easy to use.

GSM Module
A GSM module is an electronic device which is used to communicate between computer and over the network. It
is used to send alert to the caretaker from the patient in case of emergency. It requires a SIM card to operate it.

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 Linear Actuator
Electric Linear Actuators consists of a DC motor which can be used for push or pulling an object as its motion is
linear. In bed cum wheelchair, Linear Actuator is used to convert wheel chair to bed and vice versa by moving leg
rest and back rest.

Health Monitoring System

Health Monitoring System is used to record the heart beat rate and temperature of the patient using sensors and it
is recorded over a Firebase. It sends an alert to the caretaker through an email/SMS if anything goes abnormal to the
patient.

Pulse Rate Sensor

Pulse Sensor shown in is used to measure the pulse rate of the patient. It can be connected to Arduino to record
the readings.

Temperature Sensor
Temperature sensor is a component used to measure the temperature of the patient. It can operate over a
temperature range between -55° C to 125°C.

Stepper Motor
A stepper motor is normally brushless type and its classified under synchronous electric motor. It is used to make
the left hand rest of wheelchair to move down or up during wheelchair to bed and vice versa.

Fire Base
Firebase is a development platform to develop high-quality apps for mobile and web application. It is used to
develop app for monitoring the temperature and pulse rate of patient. Its key capabilities include, Real-Time, Offline
and Accessible from Client Devices.

Android Application
Our android application has a single layout displaying the Temperature of the patient in Fahrenheit and heart
rate.

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 CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING PRINCIPLE

Motor Fixing
Two permanent magnet DC motors are used for each of the back wheels and they are mounted on the frame.
Since 24V is need for these motors to operate, two 12V batteries are connected in series to achieve the required 24V.

Interface of Arduino with Stepper Motor

The handle of the wheel chair is moved up and down by setting the no of steps needed to moved up and down in
Arduino code and it is fed through Arduino.

Interface of Arduino with Linear Actuator

Figure 3 shows the connections of Linear actuator with the Arduino. These connection are made to move the
linear actuator fixed to leg rest and back rest to convert the wheelchair to bed and vice versa.

FIGURE 3. Linear Actuator interfaced with Arduino

Joystick Control
Compact joystick with ball joint is used to control the PMDC motor for Locomotion of the wheelchair. Also the
joystick is fixed in the hand rest for easier movement of wheelchair.

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 CONCLUSION
The Multipurpose Bed cum Wheelchair is designed, fabricated and tested. It will be more helpful to the elderly
and physically disabled person who always need a secondary attendant for each and every time in their life. Also, we
have made this with a very low cost while comparing it with other bed cum wheel chairs in the market.

Funding: This study was funded by Department of Science and Technology – Science for Equity Empowerment
and Development Division (grant number:SEED/TIDE/009/2017 dated 5.12.17), Government of India.

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Government of India's Department of Science and Technology –
Science for Equity Empowerment and Development (Sanction No: SEED/TIDE/009/2017/C) for financial support
for this project. The authors wish to express their gratitude to Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology
for facilitating the completion of this project through the provision of research facilities.

REFERENCES
1. Abdul Ghani, N. M., M. O. Tokhi, A. N. K. Nasir, and S. Ahmad. "Control of a stair climbing
wheelchair." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 1, no. 4 (2012).
2. Quaglia, G., Franco, W., & Oderio, R. (2011). Wheelchair. q, a motorized wheelchair with stair climbing
ability. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 46(11), 1601-1609.
3. Lawn, M. J. (2002). Study of stair-climbing assistive mechanisms for the disabled. Nagasaki, December.
4. Lockton, D., & Harrison, D. (2004). Wheelchair Drive. Project Report for Industrial Design Engineering,
Department of Design and Systems Engineering, Brunel University, UK.
5. Badejoko-Okunade, A., Adekunle, A., Arowolo, O., & Adejuyigbe, S. (2020). Development of a
Wheelchair Automator. FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5(2).
6. Peizer, E., & Wright, D. (1969). Five years of wheelchair evaluation. Bull. Pros. Res, 10(11), 9-37.
7. Majumder, J. (2014). Anthropometric dimensions among Indian males—A principal component analysis.
Eurasian Journal of Anthropology, 5(2), 54-62.
8. Dewangan, K. N., Kumar, G. P., Suja, P. L., & Choudhury, M. D. (2005). Anthropometric dimensions of
farm youth of the north eastern region of India. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 35(11),
979-989.
9. Sunny, J. K., Karunakaran, K. P., Paul, T., Roy, V., & Varkey, B. (2016). Design and Fabrication of
Stretcher cum Wheel Chair. International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology,
2(11), 647-653.

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