test pearson’s r fisher’s test paired t - test 1 - way ANOVA factorial ANOVA

when to if you are given a zx compare two zr values compare two means and standard deviation (r given ssb and ssw given multiple ssb’s and
use: and zy chart is given) (1x1 table) one ssw (2x2 table)

variables: n = sample zr = critical value of r m = mean b = between b = between

s1 = est. sem 1 w = within w = within
s2 = est. sem 2 levels = cells levels = cells under that iv

formula: Σ (𝑍𝑥)(𝑍𝑦) 𝑍𝑟1−𝑍𝑟2 𝑀1−𝑀2 𝑚𝑠𝑏 𝑚𝑠𝑏

𝑟= 𝑧= 𝑡= 𝑓 = 𝑓 =
𝑛 1 1 𝑆𝐷 2 𝑆𝐷 2 𝑚𝑠𝑤 𝑚𝑠𝑤
+ ( ) +( ) −2(𝑟)( 𝑠1) (𝑠2)
𝑁1−3 𝑁2−3 𝑁1−1 𝑁2−1 𝑠𝑠𝑏 𝑠𝑠𝑏
𝑚𝑠𝑏 = 𝑑𝑓𝑏 𝑚𝑠𝑏 = 𝑑𝑓𝑏
𝑆𝐷 𝑠𝑠𝑤 𝑠𝑠𝑤
𝑒𝑠𝑡. 𝑆𝐸𝑀 = 𝑚𝑠𝑤 = 𝑑𝑓𝑤 𝑚𝑠𝑤 = 𝑑𝑓𝑤
𝑁−1

df 𝑛 − 2 n/a 𝑛 − 1 dfb = # of levels -1 dfw = n-# of levels

dfw = n - # of levels dfb iv = # of levels -1
dfb interaction = dfb1
(dfb2)

effect size n/a n/a 𝑡 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 2 𝑠𝑠𝑏 2 𝑠𝑠𝑏

η = 𝑠𝑠𝑏 + 𝑠𝑠𝑤
η = 𝑠𝑠𝑏 + 𝑠𝑠𝑤
𝑁

table C D B E E

steps 1. multiply zx and 1. use the table to find 1. plug all the given values into the formula 1. find dfb 1. find msw
zy the critical values of r and solve 2. find dfw (denominator for all
2. add up the values (zr) 2. find df 3. find msb f-statistics)
3. divide the value 2. plug all the numbers 3. find the critical value using df 4. find msw 2. find msb (find for each
by n (sample) to get into the formula and 4. compare obtained value to t critical 5. find f obtained iv + interaction)
r solve 5. if r did not beat the critical, use 0 for r 5. find f critical 3. find f-statistics
4. find df 3. find z critical at 0.05 (dfb, dfw) 4. find critical value
5. find the critical or 0.01 6. compare obtained [f(dfb, dfw)]
value using df 0.05 or 95% +- 1.96 value to f critical 5. find effect size if
6. compare obtained 0.01 or 99% +- 2.58 7. use hsd table if applicable
value to r critical 4. compare obtained you reject two IV 6. find hsd if applicable
value to z critical levels 7. explain results

other interaction only: there is

probably no difference
ebtween ____ and ____ or
____ and ____. the effect
of ____ and ____ depends
on both

concepts reject: we can use reject: one group has a reject: there is a correlation between both reject: they are not reject: there was a
the r value stronger relationship values equal (there is a difference between the
accept: no than the other accept: no correlation between both values difference) values
correlation between accept: two correlations accept: all are equal accept: no difference
the two variables are not meaningfully (Ma = Mb = Mc) between the values
different
(compare each value to
each other)
1. A crackpot doctor believes that the use of GPS is related to the number of colds people get; specifically, she hypothesizes that
more hours per week using GPS is related to more colds per year . She conducts a study where she measures GPS use in hours
per week (GPS) and number of colds per year (COLDS) in a sample of 10 randomly selected patients. Note: Both variables are
ratio level measurements. The columns z-GPS and z-COLDS indicate the z-scores for GPS and COLDS, respectively. At alpha
0.05.

2. A hockey coach believes that a special training program will improve his team’s ability to score goals against its opponents. In
the previous season before the training, the team scored an average of 2.96 goals per game with a standard deviation of 1.03 in a
10 game season. In the current season (after the training) , against the same 10 opponents, his team scored 3.12 goals per game
with a standard deviation of 0.94. The goals against each opponent were correlated .72 (significant) between both seasons. At
alpha 0.05

3. A researcher is interested in whether differing dosages of Ritalin combined with behavior modification work better
than Ritalin alone or behavior modification alone. Subjects previously diagnosed with hyperactivity (N = 42) were
randomly assigned to receive either a placebo, a 10mg dose of Ritalin or a 20mg dose of Ritalin. Those subjects
were also randomly assigned to receive behavior modification treatment several times per week or to receive no
such treatment. After 8 weeks, the subjects were all assessed on an interval-ratio level measure of hyperactivity,
with higher scores representing greater hyperactivity. At alpha 0.05.

placebo 10 mg 20 mg

no behavior mood 17.2 17 16.6

behavior mood 16 9 8.4

SS within = 484
SS behmod = 349
SS ritalin = 138
SS behmod x ritalin = 112

4. A restaurant chain wants to see if serving appetizers that are higher in sodium increases the number of drinks customers order.
Randomly assigned customers are given low-sodium (n = 10), moderate sodium (n = 10) or high-sodium (n = 10) free appetizers.
The mean number of drinks ordered was 2 for the low sodium, 2.4 for the moderate sodium, and 3.9 for the high sodium groups.
At alpha 0.05.

SS within = 26.87 SS between = 51.37

5. A sample (n = 80) of teenage women was found to have a correlation of .32 between the frequency of drug use and the trait of
shyness. A sample of teenage men (n = 73) was found to have a correlation of .59 between shyness and drug use. Is there a
difference between male teens and female teens in the strength of the relationship between shyness and drug use? At alpha 0.05.