UNIT 6: WATER SERVICES

MANASI: 18091AA052
MITALI: 18091AA061
M BHAVYA: 18091AA62
 SWIMMING POOL
A swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, paddling pool, or simply
pool, is a structure designed to hold water to enable swimming or other
leisure activities.
Pools can be built into the ground (in-ground pools) or built above ground
(as a freestanding construction or as part of a building or other larger
structure), and may be found as a feature aboard ocean-liners and cruise
ships.
HISTORY:
The "Great Bath" at the site of Mohenjo-Daro in modern-day Pakistan was
most likely the first swimming pool, dug during the 3rd millennium BC. This
pool is 12 by 7 metres (39 by 23 feet), is lined with bricks, and was covered
with a tar-based sealant. The great bath of Mohenjodaro Ancient Roman baths
Roman emperors had private swimming pools in which fish were also kept
The Amateur Swimming Association was founded in 1869 in England,
[citation needed] and the Oxford Swimming Club in 1909.[7] The presence of
indoor baths in the cobbled area of Merton Street might have persuaded the
less hardy of the aquatic brigade to join. So, bathers gradually became
swimmers, and bathing pools became swimming pools.[citation needed] In
1939, Oxford created its first major public indoor pool at Temple Cowley.
The modern Olympic Games started in 1896 and included swimming races,
after which the popularity of swimming pools began to spread.
Interest in competitive swimming grew following World War I and home
swimming pools became popular in the United States after World War II

The Yrjönkatu Swimming Hall, the Moskva Pool, at one time the largest
oldest swimming hall in Finland swimming pool in the world (1980)
 TYPES
Pools can be either indoors or outdoors. They can be of any size and shape,
and inground or above ground. Most pools are permanent fixtures, while
others are temporary, collapsible structures.

PRIVATE POOLS:
Private pools are usually smaller than public pools, on average 3.7 m × 7.3
m (12 ft × 24 ft) to 6.1 m × 12.2 m (20 ft × 40 ft) whereas public pools
usually start at 24 m (80 ft)
Home pools can be permanently built-in, or be assembled above ground
and disassembled after summer.
Privately owned outdoor pools in backyards or gardens started to
proliferate in the 1950s in regions with warm summer climates, particularly Rooftop pool Children’s Inflatable On Surface Pool
in the United States with desegregation.
Many countries now have strict pool fencing requirements for private
swimming pools, which require pool areas to be isolated so that
unauthorized children younger than six years cannot enter.
CHILDREN'S POOLS
Inexpensive temporary polyvinyl chloride pools can be bought in
supermarkets and taken down after summer.
They are used mostly outdoors in yards, are typically shallow, and often
their sides are inflated with air to stay rigid.
When finished, the water and air can be let out and this type of pool can be
folded up for convenient storage

Private pool Private pool for hotels

 TYPES
PUBLIC POOLS:
Public pools are often part of a larger leisure center or recreational complex.
These centres often have more than one pool, such as an indoor heated
pool, an outdoor (chlorinated, saltwater or ozonated) pool which may be
heated or unheated, a shallower children's pool, and a paddling pool for
toddlers and infants.
There may also be a sauna and one or more hot tubs or spa pools ("
jacuzzis").
Many public swimming pools are rectangles 25 m or 50 m long, but they
can be any size and shape.
Luxury spa pool Racing pool
COMPETITION POOLS
The Fédération Internationale de la Natation (FINA, International Swimming
Federation) sets standards for competition pools: 25 or 50 m (82 or 164 ft)
long and at least 1.35 m (4.4 ft) deep.
Competition pools are generally indoors and heated to enable their use all
year round, and to more easily comply with the regulations regarding
temperature, lighting, and automatic officiating equipment.

Public amusement pool Jacuzzi

 TYPES

OCEAN POOLS
in the early 20th century, especially in Australia, ocean pools were built,
typically on headlands by enclosing part of the rock shelf, with water
circulated through the pools by flooding from tidal tanks or by regular
flooding over the side of the pools at high tide.
This continued a pre-European tradition of bathing in rockpools with many
of the current sites being expanded from sites used by Aboriginal
Australians or early European settlers. Bathing in these pools provided
security against both rough surf and sea life. Ocean pool
INFINITY POOLS
An infinity pool (also named negative edge or vanishing edge pool) is a
swimming pool which produces a visual effect of water extending to the
horizon, vanishing, or extending to "infinity".
Often, the water appears to fall into an ocean, lake, bay, or other similar body
of water.
The illusion is most effective whenever there is a significant change in
elevation, though having a natural body of water on the horizon is not a
limiting factor.

Infinity pool
 POOL DETAILS
DIMENSIONS
In the US, pools tend to either be 25 yards (SCY-short course yards), 25
metres (SCM-short course metres) or 50 metres (long course). Most
European pools are between 10 m and 50 m wide.
DEPTH: The depth of a swimming pool depends on the purpose of the pool,
and whether it is open to the public or strictly for private use. If it is a private
casual, relaxing pool, it may go from 1.0 to 2.0 m (3.3 to 6.6 ft) deep. If it is
a public pool designed for diving, it may slope from 3.0 to 5.5 m (10 to 18 ft)
in the deep end. A children's play pool may be from 0.3 to 1.2 m (1 to 4 ft)
deep.
COMPETITION POOL REQUIREMENTS: The water must be kept at 25–28 °C
(77–82 °F) and the lighting level at greater than 1500 lux. It must be 25 or
50 m (82 or 164 ft) long and at least 1.35 m (4.4 ft) deep.

SANITATION:
Levels of bacteria and viruses in swimming pool water must be kept low to
prevent the spread of diseases and pathogens. Bacteria, algae and insect
larvae can enter the pool if water is not properly sanitized. Pumps,
mechanical sand filters, and disinfectants are often used to sanitise the
water.
Chemical disinfectants, such as chlorine (usually as a hypochlorite salt,
such as calcium hypochlorite) and bromine, are commonly used to kill
pathogens. If not properly maintained, chemical sanitation can produce
high levels of disinfection byproducts
 COVERS
Swimming pool heating costs can be significantly reduced by using a pool cover. Use of a pool cover also can help reduce the amount of chemicals (chlorine,
etc.) required by the pool.
Outdoor pools gain heat from the sun, absorbing 75–85% of the solar energy striking the pool surface. Though a cover decreases the total amount of solar
heat absorbed by the pool, the cover eliminates heat loss due to evaporation and reduces heat loss at night through its insulating properties. Most swimming
pool heat loss is through evaporation.
A vinyl cover absorbs more sunlight directly, allowing temperature to rise faster, but ultimately prevents the pool from reaching as high a temperature as a clear
cover. Vinyl covers consist of a heavier material and have a longer life expectancy than bubble covers.
An alternative to a continuous sheet of pool covering is multiple floating disks which are deployed and removed disk by disk
LIQUID COVERS:
They use a microscopically thin layer of liquid (such as cetyl alcohol) that sits on the water surface and reduces evaporation, which is one of the major sources
of heat loss as well as water loss.
Unlike other covers, the pool can be used while the liquid cover is in place, and the nontoxic material is safe for people as well as pumping/filtering systems.
The liquid must be replenished regularly (monthly or more), and may not be effective in windy areas (since the wind will disperse the thin layer).
SAFETY COVERS:
The first safety cover was invented in 1957 by Fred Meyer Jr. of Meyco Pool Covers when he found a dead animal in his pool.
These covers are typically attached all winter, by hooked bungee cords or hooked springs connected to the pool deck, and are usually made in a variety of
materials including coated or laminated vinyl or polypropylene mesh.
They are custom designed to stop leaf debris from entering the pool but more importantly they also provide safety for animals and small children when
designed and installed properly.
Motorized Shutter cover Floating disc cover

Standard pvc safety cover Liquid cover