MOLE & EQT.

CONCEPT - REVISION 1

Solved Examples
1. How many significant figures are present in the following? 8. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) on oxidation gives water and
(i) 0.0025 (ii) 208 (iii) 5005 chlorine. How many litres of chlorine at STP can be obtained
(iv) 126,000 (v) 500.0 (vi) 2.0034 (NCERT) starting with 36.50 g HCl ?
9. How much copper can be obtained from 100 g of copper
2. What will be the mass of one 12C atom in g? (NCERT)
sulphate (CuSO4)? (Atomic mass of Cu = 63.5 amu)
3. Calculate the number of atoms in each of the following :
(NCERT)
(i) 52 moles of He (ii) 52 u of He (NCERT)
10. In the reaction, A + B2 AB2, identify the limiting reagent,
4. How many molecules and atoms of oxygen are present in
if any, in the following mixtures
5.6 litres of oxygen (O2) at NTP ?
(i) 300 atoms of A + 200 molecules of B
5. How many electrons are present in 1.6 g of methane ?
(ii) 2 mol A + 3 mol B
6. Calculate the empirical formula of a compound that contains
11. Calculate the concentration of nitric acid in moles per litre
26.6% potassium, 35.4% chromium and 38.1% oxygen
in a sample which has a density 1.41 g mL–1 and the mass
[Given Atomic weight of K = 39.1; Cr = 52; O = 16]
percent of nitric acid in it being 69%. (NCERT)
7. An organic compound containing C,H and N gave the fol-
12. If the density of methanol is 0.793 kg L–1, What is its volume
lowing analysis: C: 40% H:13.3%, N:46.67%. If its molecular
needed for making 2.5 L of its 0.25 M solution? (NCERT)
formula weight is three times its empirical formula weight
then find out its empirical and molecular formula of the com-
pound.
MOLE & EQT. CONCEPT - REVISION 2

EXERCISE – 1 : Basic Subjective Questions

1. How many atoms are present in 3 moles of carbon? (i) Number of moles of carbon
2. Give two examples of molecules having molecular (ii) Number of moles of hydrogen atoms
formula same as empirical formula. (iii) Number of molecules of ethane
3. One atom of an element weighs 4.2 × 10–22 g. What is 11. Calculate the weight of CO having the same number
its atomic mass? of oxygen atoms as present in 22g of CO2?
4. How many significant figures are present in the 12. How many number of aluminium ions are present in
following? 0.051 g of aluminium oxide?
(i) 0.0657 13. What is the percentage of carbon in ethanol?
(ii) 456 14. An organic compound on analysis was found to
(iii) 878.0 contain 10.06 % carbon, 0.84% hydrogen and 89.10%
5. Which set of figures will be obtained after rounding chlorine. What will be the empirical formula of the
off the following to three significant figures? substance?
(i) 34.216 15. In a compound C, H and N are present in the ratio of
(ii) 0.06597 9:1:3.5 by weight. If molecular weight of the
(iii) 15.8107 compound is 108, then what is the molecular formula
6. 23.72 g of a substance ‘X’ occupies 5.56 cm3. What of the compound?
will be its density measured in correct significant 16. (a) Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide that could
figures? be produced when
7. Volume of a gas at STP is 6.57 × 10–8 cm3. Find out (i) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in air.
the number of molecules in it? (ii) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.
8. If 8.7g of Na2CO3 is added to 18g of CH3COOH (iii) 2 moles of carbon are burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.
solution, the residue is found to weigh 22g. What is (b) What is the SI unit of mass? How is it defined?
the mass of CO2 released in the reaction?
9. Calculate the molarity of pure water using the density
to be 1000 kg m-3.
10. In five moles of ethane (C2H6), calculate the
following:
MOLE & EQT. CONCEPT - REVISION 3

EXERCISE – 2 : Basic Objective Questions

1. Observe the pictures carefully and label A, B and C 10. The concentration of a solution or the amount of
appropriately substance present in its given volume can be
expressed in which of the following ways?
(a) Mass per cent or weight per cent (w/w%)
(b) Molality
(c) Mole fraction or molarity
(d) All of the above
(a) A  atom, B  compound C  molecule 11. Arrange the following in the order of increasing mass
(b) A  compound, B  molecule C  atom (Atomic mass; O = 16, Cu = 63, N = 14).
(c) A  molecule, B  atom C  compound I. One atom of oxygen
(d) A  compound, B  atom C  molecule II. One atom of nitrogen
2. The S.I. unit of density is III. 1 × 10–10 Mole of oxygen atom
(a) gm−3 (b) kg/cm3 IV. 1 × 10–9 Mole of copper
−3
(c) gcm (d) Kg/m3 (a) I < II < III < IV (b) II < I < III < IV
3. What should be the volume of the milk (in m3) which (c) II < IV < I < III (d) IV < II < III < I
measures 5 L? 12. Assertion (A): Zero at the end or right of a number
(a) 5 × 10–3 m3 (b) 5 × 103 m3 are significant provided they are not on the right side
6 3
(c) 5 × 10 m (d) 5 × 10000 m3 of the decimal point.
4. 0.0016 can be written as …..A….. in scientific Reason (R): Significant figures for 0.200 is 3
notation. Here A refers to whereas for 200 it is 1.
(a) 1.6 × 10–3 (b) 1.6 × 10–2 (a) Both A and R are correct; R is the correct
–1
(c) 1.6 × 10 (d) 1.6 × 10–4 explanation of A
5. Calculate (9.8 × 10–2) × (2.5 × 10–6). The result (b) Both A and R are correct; R is not the correct
should be explanation of A
(a) 24.50 109 (b) 2.450 107 (c) A is correct; R is incorrect
(c) 24.50 107 (d) 2.450 108 (d) R is correct; A is incorrect
6. Which of the following represents the largest unit? 13. Assertion (A): Molarity of a solution does not
(a) Kilolitre (b) Mililitre depends upon temperature.
(c) Decilitre (d) Megalitre Reason (R): Volume of a solution is temperature
7. A solution is prepared by adding 4g of a substance A dependent entity.
to 18 g of water. Calculate the mass percent of the (a) Both A and R are correct; R is the correct
solute. explanation of A
(a) 12.5 % (b) 15.18 % (b) Both A and R are correct; R is not the correct
(c) 18.18% (d) 20% explanation of A
8. What will be the molality of the solution made by (c) A is correct; R is incorrect
dissolving 10 g of NaOH in 100 g of water? (d) R is correct; A is incorrect
(a) 10 m (b) 5 m 14. Assertion (A): The molality of the solution is
(c) 2.5 m (d) 1.25 m independent of temperature.
9. A solution is made by dissolving 49 g of H2SO4 in Reason (R): The molality of the solution is expressed
250 mL of water. The molarity of the solution is in units of moles per unit volume of solvent.
(a) 4M (b) 1M (a) Both A and R are correct; R is the correct
(c) 2M (d) 5M explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are correct; R is not the correct
explanation of A
(c) A is correct; R is incorrect
(d) R is correct; A is incorrect
MOLE & EQT. CONCEPT - REVISION 4

(Q. 15 to 18) (Q. 19 to 22)

In 1808, Dalton published ‘A New System of Chemical A mole is defined as the amount of substance that contains
Philosophy’ in which he proposed the following: as many particles or entities (atoms, molecules, or ions) as
(i) Matter consists of indivisible atoms. there are in exactly 12g of carbon - 12 isotope. One mole
(ii) All the atoms of a given element have identical contains exactly 6.02214076 × 1023 elementary entities. This
properties including identical mass. Atoms of number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro
different elements differ in mass. constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol–1 and is called
(iii) Compounds are formed when atoms of different the Avogadro number.
elements combine in a fixed ratio. One mole of an element = 6.022 × 1023 atoms
(iv) Chemical reactions involve the reorganization of Mass of element
Moles of an element =
atoms. These are neither created nor destroyed in a Atomic mass
chemical reaction. Atomic mass
Drawbacks of Dalton’s Theory: Mass of one atom =
6.022  10 23 atoms
(i) Does not explain the structure of the atom.
19. A mole contains as many particles as in
(ii) Fails to explain binding forces between atoms in
(a) 12g of carbon - 12 isotope
compounds.
(b) 12g of carbon - 14 isotope
(iii) Does not explain Gay Lussac's law.
(c) 10g of carbon - 12 isotope
15. In …..A….. Dalton published …..B….. in which he
(d) 24g of carbon - 12 isotope
proposed the theory. Here, A and B refer to
20. Moles of an element defined as
(a) A  1708, B  An old system of chemical
(a) Mass of element / Atomic mass
philosophy (b) Atomic mass / Mass of element
(b) A  1908, B  A new system of physical (c) Mass of element × Atomic mass
philosophy (d) Atomic mass / Volume
(c) A  1808, B  A new system of chemical 21. One mole of an element contains
philosophy (a) 6.022 × 10-23 atoms (b) 6.022 × 1021 atoms
23
(d) A  1808, B  An old system of physical (c) 6.022 × 10 atoms (d) 6.022 × 1027 atoms
philosophy 22. Volume occupied by 1 mole of a gas at N.T.P is
16. One of the statements of Dalton’s atomic theory is (a) 22.4 L (b) 22.4 mL
given below (c) 22400 L (d) 2240 mL
“Compounds are formed when atoms of different
elements combine in a fixed ratio”
Which of the following laws is not related to this
statement?
(a) Law of conservation of mass
(b) Law of definite proportions
(c) Law of multiple proportions
(d) None of these
17. Dalton's atomic theory fails to explain
(a) Binding forces between atoms in compounds.
(b) Existence of allotropes
(c) Structure of atom
(d) All of above
18. Compounds are formed due to
(a) combination of atoms of different elements in a
fixed ratio
(b) combination of molecules
(c) combination of same atoms
(d) combination of atoms and molecules
MOLE & EQT. CONCEPT - REVISION 5

ANSWER KEY AND SOLUTIONS

Solved Examples
1. (i) 2 (ii) 3 (iii) 4 (iv) 3 (v) 4 (vi) 5. 6.
12 23 El eme nt Percen- Ato mic Moles Mole Simplest
2. 1 mol of C atoms = 6.022 × 10 atoms = 12 g
tage mass of ratio whole
Thus, 6.022 × 1023 atoms of 12C have mass = 12 g element no.ratio

12 26.6 0.68
Potassium 26.6 39.1  0.68 1 1×2=2
1 Atom of 12C will have mass = g 39.1 0.68
6.022  1023
35.4 0.68
= 1.9927 × 10–23 g Chromium 35.4 52.0  0.68 1 1×2=2
52 0.68
3. (i) 1 mol of He = 6.022 × 1023 atoms
38.1 2.38
 mole of He = 52 × 6.022 × 1023 atom Oxygen 38.1 16.0  2.38  3.5 3.5 × 2 = 7
16 0.68
= 3.131 × 1025 atoms
(ii) 1 atom of He = 4 u of He Therefore, empirical formula is K2Cr2O7.
4 u of He = 1 atom of He 7. Relative no. of atoms of C = 40/12 = 3.33Relative no. of
atoms of H = 13.3/1 = 13.3 and that for N = 46.67/14 = 3.33
1
 52 u of He = × 52 atoms = 13 atoms
4 Thus, simplest atomic ratio C:H:N

4. We know that 22.4 litres of oxygen at NTP contain = 3.33:13.33:3.33 = 1:4:1

6.02 × 1023 molecules of oxygen. Therefore the empirical formula of the compound is CH4N
So, 5.6 litres of oxygen at NTP contain M o lecu lar F o rm u la M ass
Also, given: E m p irical F o rm u la M ass = 3 = n-factor
5.6
 ×6.02 × 1023 molecules
22.4
Therefore, molecular formula is (CH4N)3 i.e. C3H12N3
= 1.505 × 1023 molecules
8. Oxidation of HCl takes place according to the following
1 molecule of oxygen contains equation :
= 2 atoms of oxygen
23
So, 1.505 × 10 molecules of oxygen contain 4HCl  O2 
 2Cl2  2H2 O
4 mol 2 mol
= 2 × 1.505 × 1023 atoms
= 3.01 × 1023 atoms Mass 36.5
Moles of HCl = Molecular mass  36.5  1 mole
5. Gram-molecular mass of methane
(CH4) = 12 + 4 = 16 g  4 moles HCl give 2 moles Cl2
1.6 2
Number of moles in 1.6 g of methane =  0.1  1 mole will give moles Cl2 = 0.5 moles Cl2
16 4
Number of molecules of methane in 0.1 mole
Volume of Cl2 at STP = 22.4 × 0.5 = 11.2 litre
= 0.1 × 6.02 × 1023
9. 1 mole of CuSO4 contains 1 mole (1 g atom) of Cu
= 6.02 × 1022 Molar mass of CuSO4 = 63.5 + 32 + 4 × 16 = 159.5 g mol–1
One molecule of methane has = 6 + 4 = 10 electrons Thus, Cu that can be obtained from 159.5 g of CuSO4
22
So, 6.02 × 10 molecules of methane have = 63.5 g
 Cu that can be obtained from 100 g of CuSO4
= 10 × 6.02 × 1022 electrons
63.5
= 6.02 × 1023 electrons =  100 g = 39.81 g.
159.5
MOLE & EQT. CONCEPT - REVISION 6
10. (i) According to the given reaction, 1 atom of A reacts
with 1 molecule of B.
 200 molecules of B will react with 200 atoms of A and
100 atoms of A will be left unreacted. Hence, B is the
limiting reagent while A is the excess reagent.
(ii) According to the given reaction, 1 mol of A reacts
with 1 mol of B2.
 2 mole of A will react with 2 mol of B. Hence, A is the
limiting reactant.
11. Mass percent of 69% means that 100 g of nitric acid solution
contain 69g of nitric acid by mass.
Molar mass of nitric acid HNO3 = 1 + 14 + 48 = 63 gmol–1
69 g
oles in 69g HNO3 = 63 g mol  1  1.095 mole

100 g
Volume of 100 g nitric acid solution = 1.41g mL1

= 70.92 mL = 0.07092 L
1.095 mole
Conc. of HNO3 in moles per litre = 0.07092 L =15.44 M

12. Let us calculate moles of methanol present in 2.5L of 0.25

solution.

Moles of CH3OH
Molarity 
Volume in litre

Moles of CH 3OH
0.25 =
2.5
Moles of CH3OH = 0.25 × 2.5 = 0.625 moles
Mass of CH3OH = 0.625 × 32 = 20 g
(Molecular mass of CH3OH = 32)
Now 0.793 × 103g of CH3OH is present in 1000 mL

1000
20 g of CH3OH will be present in = × 20
0.793×10 3
= 25.2 mL
MOLE & EQT. CONCEPT - REVISION 7

EXERCISE – 1 : Basic Subjective Questions

1. No. of atoms in 1 mole = 6.022×1023 given mass
Moles 
No. of atoms in 3 moles = 3×6.022×1023 molar mass
= 1.8066×1024 atoms We know 1 kg of water contains 1000 g of water.
2. H2O, CO2 1 kg = 1000 g
3. Mass of 1 atom = 4.2 × 10–22 g So we can express the density of water in g L−1.
Mass of 6.023 × 1023 atoms = 6.023×1023× 4.2×10–22 g So, the density of water = 1000g L−1
= 6.023 × 4.2 × 10g From this, the mass of the water is 1000 g in the
= 252.96 g volume of 1 Litre of solution.
Hence, atomic mass of element = 252.96 g/mol. The molar mass of water = 18 g mol−1
4. (i) 0.0657 Four significant figures The moles of the water can be calculated as:
(ii) 456 Three significant figures given mass 1000
Moles    55.55
(iii) 878.0 Four significant figures molar mass 18
5. (i) 34.216 = 34.2 Now, we know that the volume of the solution is 1 L,
(ii) 0.06597= 0.066 the molarity of the solution is calculated by:
(iii)15.8107 = 15.8 Moles of the solute
Molarity 
Mass Volume of the solution in litre
6. Density  55.55
Volume   55.55M
1
23.72 g
Density = 10. (i) 1 mole of C2H6 contains 2 moles of carbon
5.56 cm3
No. of moles of carbon in 5 moles of C2H6= 10
Density = 4.27 g / cm3 (ii) 1 mole of C2H6 contains 6 moles of hydrogen
Correct significant figures in case of a multiplication atoms
or division is find out by rounding off to the same Number of moles of hydrogen atoms in 5 moles of
number of significant figures as possessed by the C2H6 = 5 × 6 = 30
least precise term in the calculation. Here least (iii) 1 mole of C2H6 = 6.022 × 1023 molecules
precise term is 5.56 so density will also have 3 Number of molecules in 5 moles of C2H6
significant figures. =5 × 6.022 × 1023
7. Given, V =6.57 × 10–8 cm3 = 3.011 × 1024
∵ 22400 cm3 of the gas at STP has molecules
= 6.02 × 1023 molecules 11. Molar mass of CO 2  44g
∴ 6.57 × 10 cm3 of the gas at STP will have
–8

1 mole of CO 2  44g  contains 6.022  10 23

6.02  1023
=  6.57  10–8 molecules.
22400
= 1.765 × 1012 molecules 1 molecule of CO 2  2 atoms of Oxygen
8. Na2CO3 + CH3COOH → CO2 + H2O + CH3COONa 6.022  10 23 molecules of CO2  2  6.023 1023
According to law of conservation of mass, atoms of Oxygen
Mass of reactants = mass of products So, 44g of carbon dioxide  2  6.023  10 23 atoms
8.7 + 18 = 22 + x
of Oxygen
x = 26.7 – 22
x = 4.7g 1 g of carbon dioxide  2  6.023  10 23 / 44
9. The molarity of a solution is defined as the number of 22 g of carbon dioxide  22  2  6.023  1023 / 44
moles of the solute which is present in the 1 L  6.023  10 23 atoms of Oxygen.
volume of the solution. 1 mole of CO  6.023  10 23 atoms of Oxygen
Moles of the solute 1 mole of CO = 28 g
Molarity 
Volume of the solution in litre  28 g of CO contains 6.023  10 23 atoms of
Moles of the component is defined as the ratio of a oxygen.
given mass to the molar mass. 12. Molar Mass of Al2O3 = 2 × 27 + 3 × 16 = 102g mol-1
MOLE & EQT. CONCEPT - REVISION 8

0.051
0.051g of Al 2 O3   0.0005mol
102 So empirical formula = C3H4N
23
1 mole of Al2 O3 contains 2 × 6.023 × 10 Al ions 3+ Empirical formula weight= (3 × 12 + 4 × 1 + 14) = 54
Molecular weight 108
0.0005 mole of Al2 O3 contains 2 × 0.0005 × 6.023 n  2
Empirical molecular weight 54
× 1023 Al3+ ions
= 6.023 × 1020 Al3+ ions. Molecular formula = (C3H4N)2 = C6H8N2
13. Molecular formula of ethanol is C2H5OH 16. (a)
Molar mass of ethanol is (i) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in air.
= (2 × 12 + 6 × 1 + 16) g = 46g C  O 2  CO 2
1 mole of C produces 1 mole of CO2 which
Mass per cent of carbon = corresponds to 44 g of CO2.
Mass of carbon 24 (ii) 1 mole of carbon is burn in 16 g of dioxygen.
 100   100  52.17%
Molar mass of C2 H5 OH 46 16
16 of dioxygen corresponds to  0.5 moles.
14. 32
Element %age Atomic Molar ratio Simplest Here, dioxygen is the limiting reagent.
Mass Molar It will produce 0.5 moles of CO2 which
ratio corresponds to 0.5  44  22g of CO2
C 10.06 12 10.06 0.84 (iii) 2 moles of carbon are burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.
 0.84 1
12 0.84 16
16 g of dioxygen corresponds to = 0.5 moles.
32
H 0.84 1 0.84 0.84 Here, dioxygen is the limiting reagent.
 0.84 1
1 0.84 It will produce 0.5 moles of CO2 which
corresponds to 0.5  44  22g of CO 2
Cl 89.10 35.5 2.5
3 (b) The kilogram. Symbol kg. is the SI unit of mass.
89.10 0.84
 2.5 It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value
35.5
of the Planck constant to be 6.62607015 × 10-34
when expressed in the unit Js, which is equal to
Thus, the empirical formula of the substance is CHCl3 kgm2s-1, where the meter and the second are
15. defined in terms of c and VCs.
C H N
Molar ratio 9 1 3.5
9 1 3.5
Simpler  0.75 1  0.25
12 1 14
0.75 1 0.25
Molar ratio 3 4 1
0.25 0.25 0.25
MOLE & EQT. CONCEPT - REVISION 9

EXERCISE – 2 : Basic Objective Questions

1. (c) Sol.
Sol. Picture A is of oxygen molecule. B is of sodium weight of solute 1000
molality  
atom. Picture C is of water compound. Some mol. weight of solute weight of solvent
elements such as sodium or potassium, contain single
10 1000
atoms held together as their constituent particles m   2.5m
40 100
whereas in some others, two or more atoms combine
to give molecules of the elements. Thus, hydrogen, 9. (c)
nitrogen and oxygen gases consist of molecules in Sol.
which two atoms combine to give their respective wt. of solute 1000
Molarity  
molecules. When two or more atoms of different mol. wt. of solute vol. of solution  mL 
element combine together then the molecule of 49 1000
compound is obtained. The examples of some    2M
98 250
compounds are water, ammonia etc. 10. (d)
2. (d) Sol. The concentration of a solution or the amount of
Sol. Density of a substance is defined as its amount of substances present in its given volume can be
mass per unit volume. expressed in any of the following ways:
kg 1. Mass per cent or weight per cent (w/w%)
SI unit of density  3
m 2. Mole fraction
3. (a) 3. Molarity
1 4. Molality
Sol. Since 1000L = 1 m 3 or 1 L  m3
1000 11. (b)
5 Sol. I. Mass of one atom of oxygen
 5L  m 3 or 5L  5  10 3 m 3
1000 16
  2.66  1023 g
4. (a) 6.022  10 23
Sol. 0.0016 can be written as 1.6 × 10–3 in scientific II. Mass of one atom of nitrogen
notation. 14
  2.32  1023 g
5. (b) 6.022  10 23
Sol. III. Mass of 1 × 10–10 mole of oxygen atom
9.8 10  2.5 10   9.8  2.5  10   
2 6 2  6
= 16 × 10–10 g
IV. Mass of 1× 10–9 mole of copper
  9.8  2.5  10   24.50  10  2.450  10
8 8 7
= 63× 10–9 g
6. (d) Hence, masses of atoms in increasing order
Sol. The largest unit is Megalitre. II < I < III < IV
7. (c) 12. (d)
Sol. A solution is prepared by adding 4 g of a substance A Sol. R is true but A is false, Assertion should be zeroes at
to 18 g of water. the end or right of a number are significant provided
Mass of A they are on the right side of the decimal point.
Mass per cent of   100
Mass of solution Significant figures for 0.200 is 3 whereas for 200 it is
4g 1.
  100 13. (d)
 4  18 g
Sol. Molarity of a solution depends upon temperature
400 because the volume of a solution is a temperature
= 
22 dependent entity.
= 18.18 % 14. (c)
8. (c) Sol. Molality is not expressed as volume of the solution as
molarity or normality. So, it does not depend upon
MOLE & EQT. CONCEPT - REVISION 10

temperature. The molality of the solution is expressed

in units of moles per unit mass of solvent.
15. (c)
Sol. In 1808, Dalton published ‘A new system of chemical
philosophy in which he proposed the theory.
16. (a)
Sol. Law of conservation of mass is not related to this
statement which states that matter can neither be
created nor destroyed. It has nothing to do with fixed
ratio of atoms of different elements.
17. (d)
Sol. Dalton failed to explain the nature of forces that bind
together different atoms in a molecule. Dalton's
atomic theory failed to explain the differences in
properties of charcoal, graphite, and diamond
(allotropes of carbon) and the structure of atom.
18. (a)
Sol. Compounds are formed when atoms of different
elements combine in a fixed ratio.
19. (a)
Sol. A mole is defined as the amount of substance that
contains as many particles or entities as there are in
exactly 12g of carbon - 12 isotope
20. (a)
Mass of element
Sol. Moles of an element =
Atomic mass
21. (c)
Sol. One mole of an element = 6.022 × 1023 atoms
22. (a)
Sol. Volume occupied by 1 mole of a gas at N.T.P. = 22.4
L