EXAMPLE The head a a . Seif club is th contact a Qa pie ghns for O-5ms, and asa result flee of ot Omls. Find the ave feed that wos acting on the ball, during impact. Ball from rest, h fum_ change Ball from ence momentum is impulse = ft = Mg ae Ce ay = Wg - = Am - Amvs (o.086ka) Cronk) = 3. veal. mis = 4p = dmv : . from F. Yat Bt as se £ 5x10 = 6-4x(07.N CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM att Fe Freely suspended rifle, cocked ready to e Tei ulled , f 3 is exerted on bulle& BG Newent 3 Les bullet exit = and opp. force on quo. «We on say Ro gee 2 Newton's 2™%tad Fi = rag, 5ginitial velocities VW, =W=0 = Ae 5 act for same time period. ‘, impulses for gun & bullet ore equa but opp. in” direch “ D> mAs May [4h Ye) Momentum is O vate wanhi Resultant is gero in this eas 1 Gust os ae “sasennntet of gun /bullet system has no « Follow-u aie ra or more. @ Momentum ofter the ihc is — ts the CONSERVATION fore arena LA CWI 5 SUMMARY: _— — —— is cond eeted eget ai FF two billiard balls collide, momentum is transferred from one ball ts another, but the resultant momentum Collision is equal to momentum re colliston ‘ gs. o_O Momentum befure eerere ro oO —> Momentum after, AFTER .EXAMPLE An 80 kg helf-back dives over the line of serimm J, ok a velocity of 7.0m/s. He 1s met mid-air “by a Mn pce 37 of mls re : the opposit ction. i oat Sind the rests 9 coupmneul: oF Fk ebay SOLUTION Using conservakion of momentum momentum before = momentum (80kgx 20 m/s )— (00 kqx 5:4 m/s) = 180i = Boks. mls’ . 12 kg = Onm/s, : in the direction of the holf-back S inital velocity . COLUISION PHENOMENA + For two colliding bodies : ip law ef conservabion of momentum & W) law of conservakion of energy are appli Kicable . © Some collisions part changed! tnto non- mec hai rm cS paneer such as heat & Sound + Energ conservation becomes complex dua ob several ut energy erp » Steed ball hits deformation of both, but reg n in Bhape.,Bodies which reqain shape are said ty he ELASTIC, J cs . ——_ elashe ¢ollision , KE and P ave- conserved . CM abi, teene devete ore orale . large obye is condstion is never Bat fee 9 J + Billiard balls, basketball on floor are imperfecty lash. loss due ts transformetron ke, KE before 7 “flee » to_heat & sound cTwall collisions momentum is always conserved Bullet fired into block of wood, bullets gets . embedded and two remain bound. COLLISION 1g PERFECTLY INELASTIC. ve, permanent defoemation , no separation. » INGLASTIC CouISions- 2 bodies stick together contact. > same final velocity . 1 Law ef conservation of momentum is sufficient for the computukion of final velocity , if masses & inthal veloertres ere “known. BeroRe _. ATET ER, omy, + MV; alms MY,OB 24 WE te fiedvato 4 2a bullet is fired enfo a 2-398 ka block of aa suspended from long cords. a) bullet is acaeer ae, both move off with a of 0.700 m/s. Find | tthe tabein shan SOLU TION : known as ballashe pe m Vi = Using conservation ef momentum: a = is me massef bullet mv. + MV: = (ms M)% M emass ef block ae = Miz bullet speed (0-.002kq Vz )+ (2-398kg x0) Via speed of bleck. =(2*hkg X0.700m) Vi = combined spd Ve a (2.49 200. 700mls) 0:06 2k9 = 840m/s. Collision - inelashe - vel. of bullet + block immediatel: collisien found by shift in centre of grav ty. (m+M )gh ='elmtM)V fan enegy cons. v's 2fmaeh . Zoh or Vie (ahPerfeely E laste Collisions . i) Momentum 6 kinpbie energy are evnserved ii) The collision is a x the Tne connecking centres . Conservakion of momentum my; TW omy + AY, ) Conservation of energy : amy? +4 AVES demu” 4 kMY* se moving -t the right and megorbive b Re-wri poe, eqn (a) 8 tb) Fiesly we factor owk Ya in egnch) 2 move terms with m 6 ome side rt eqn a M % the other: m(veev*) = M(VI-Vi) from (b) - (C) Separute tums ee) ma Min eqn @) m(vy Vy) = MEN) A) we divide eqn () by pier aa) Vi tg = Vg + VG \nB- veuts (v--yh4y) or WwaVe = Vm = -(y- Vee CF Me -V; ¢ ihe velo? s erty . Mer ea in psf a evlison vey Ea sppiaads. 16. EQUAL to velocity of separatt in oi Example : A 404 balt travelling east with oa Harel of 5Dm/s has av head-on collision with a 60 trowelling at BO m/e west. If the i is elastie,“find the velocities after Hie collision. reg tee a 0°. 2 OS Ym MVSOLUTION : East; +*v@ | so vel. West i$: -ve Berore AFTER mv, + MV; = mv, 4 MV, €0.04 kg VCSmis) + (0.06 kg X-3.0mIs)= (0.0.4eg Xv) +(0-06kg)Y, y+ 15M; 2 0.5m/s (a9 By eqney w-Vi Vy -% 5.0m/s-(-3.0mis) = Ve -Ve -Ve4Ng = Bmis (8) adding (&) &(B) gives. ay = 85 m/s = 3.4 m/s y% = “4-6 m/s -ve on vy vel. af ball means it is moving west after collision.Example Two billiard balls move toward one another: as shown. The balls have identical masses, anc assume Brak the collision, between them is perfectly dastic. If the initio. velocities of the balls +30 em/s ond = 20em/s, what is-the velocity of each ball after the collision? ove dig M9 0 Ve m —»tx —PtK before collision after collision 1) My + Var = MME + mDMeg Meme Vie May Vg O Veg rd ad cancel Bocm/s + (- 20eefs) = Vip +Veg lO em/s = VeiMag =) alse; since energy is conserved weuse: Wai - Vas = — ie -Ver) BOere/s ~ (=20em/,) = Vae - Vit SOem/s eVeg-Vig 4 adding equabren cin BCI? GOcm/s = 2 Vee aD Veg? GP = oem, & using eqn Ci) wget Mig lOewls = YE +30cm/s or Vg & lOem/s “BOem/s = = 20em/s That ts the balls exchange veloe'tres . Dhis is always the ease wher 2 obyects of equal moss edthide Hastieally head-on, aGLANCING COLLISIONS - Collision of tus objects in 3-D space, conservation of momentum means total momentum of system in each direction is conserved - Most collisions take place in 2-0 space @.9, pool (billiard) balls. - In such eollisions , we have 2 component equations-4or conservation: . MViin * Vere = Mg, + MaVaty MViiy + MaNery = MMify * Ns Fy subscripts identify the object. - 2D problem in which m, collides with m, at vesb. After collision m, moves away at angle & & m, at angle d wet horizontal We can apply conservation in componenE cms Vigsin f a +, ; Puyest eee... neers ow. ey By m Ms “ot ™ Noy = Vagsing BEFORE AFTER %- compenent : Mv; +O = myv,C0SB4 m,v,cosd 6) Y- Component : © 40 = mvesinO- mavagsing &) If the collision is clastic, we ean have a 3 equation for KE : Amy, = gmvig + omva @) ~ normally enough lata is given to solve for the unknowns. -H collision is inelastic ,KE of system is not conserved, ie. eqn (3) cloes aot apply ;Tips on solving 2-D problems: 1, Setup coordinate system & define velocities wrt. axes. 2. Drawylabel all velouty veelors inelueling 3. info. given . Tag correct signs. Write expressions for total momentum of objects in XK-divection before & after & equate them. Repesk for Y-clirection. Solve momentum eqns. for unknown quenlittes, nelashe - KE isnot conserved 6 aa eae info. - be needed Tet ces Fae oe equal If collision is elashie, KE is conserved & you con equate KE before = KE after it gives an additional equahion,Example A 1500 kq ear cu east with a speed of 25.Om/s collides a€ an intersection with @ 2500- kg van Eravelling north at a speed of 20m/s. Find the “direction and magnitude of the velocity of the w after the collision, assuming the vehicle? undergo a urteetly inelastrz collision. (neglect frie tio “Y Salution : X- direction - ZA; = Me Vier? MViy, ® MeVieg O = ($00 )(25) = 3.45% 10* kg.m/s Total momentum in X-dli reckon after Z Pry = (me + my) vicosB = Gooo)yeos 0) Conservation in X-olirection aives: 3-15x10" = 4000 Veos® 0) In Similar a momentum is conserved in y-directio ZR = ZR,- Q500)(20) = 4000 )ysin® 5x10" = 4000ysin® @) Dividing eqn @) by 0) Abbot? » tan% = 5xio’ — 1.33 W000 v;c0s! 3-75 s10* tan™'(1.33) = 53.1° Sulestilu ting tus Z in (2) a 4 Sx io” *” Aoo0sin53.1° = 15.6m/s.