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03 Chapter 4 Diode Application DELG

This document discusses diode applications including using diodes as switches, half wave rectification, and full wave rectification. It provides examples and circuit diagrams of half wave rectifiers using an ideal diode and a silicon diode. Full wave rectifiers using a bridge network and center tapped transformer configuration are also covered. The output waveforms and voltages are analyzed for each rectifier circuit.

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aniq.halmy
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30 views

03 Chapter 4 Diode Application DELG

This document discusses diode applications including using diodes as switches, half wave rectification, and full wave rectification. It provides examples and circuit diagrams of half wave rectifiers using an ideal diode and a silicon diode. Full wave rectifiers using a bridge network and center tapped transformer configuration are also covered. The output waveforms and voltages are analyzed for each rectifier circuit.

Uploaded by

aniq.halmy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEKG 2113

CHAPTER 4

DIODE APPLICATION
LEARNING OUTCOME

▪ At the end of this topic, the student should be able to


understand and explain:
1. Diode as a switch
2. Half wave rectifier
3. Full wave rectifier
Diode as a switch

• When the ideal diode and Si diode are connected in


forward bias condition, they act like a short circuit (0V)
and voltage drop of 0.7V respectively.
• When the ideal diode and Si diode are connected in
reverse bias condition, both diode act like an open
circuit
Rectifier

• What is rectification?
• Process of the conversion of alternating current (AC) to direct
current (DC)

• Two type of rectifier


• Half wave rectifier
• Full wave rectifier
Half Wave Rectifier

• A half wave rectifier(ideal) allows conduction for only 180°


or half of a complete cycle.
• The output frequency is the same as the input.
Half Wave Rectifier – Half cycle (+ve)
• When the sinusoidal input voltage, ViN goes positive, the
diode is forward-biased and conducts current through the
load resistor, RL .
• The output voltage across the RL , producing the same
shape as the positive half-cycle of the ViN .
• But when we use the practical diode model, we have to
consider the barrier potential of 0.7V.
• During the positive half-cycle, the input voltage must
overcome the barrier potential before the diode becomes
forward biased.
• This resulting the half-wave output, with a peak value that is
less than the peak value of the input.
• Thus, the output for the first-half cycle is Vp(out)=Vp(in)-0.7
Half Wave Rectifier – Half cycle (-ve)
• When the input voltage goes negative during second half-
cycle, the diode is reverse-biased, so there is no current.
• The net result is that only the positive half-cycles of the ac
input voltage appear across the .
• Thus, the output for the second-half cycle is Vp(out) = 0
• The resultant wave form by the half-wave rectifier is called
half-wave pulsating direct voltage.
• Peak inverse voltage, equals the peak value of the input
voltage which occurs at the peak of each negative
alternation of the input voltage when the diode is reverse-
biased. PIV = Vin
• The diode must be capable of withstanding this amount of
voltage.
Half Wave Rectifier

This is the value that you would


get on the DC voltmeter

𝑉𝑝
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
𝜋

𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 0.318𝑉𝑝
Half Wave Rectifier - Exercise
Example 1 a) Sketch the output Vo for ideal diode.
What are the steps?
Half Wave Rectifier - Exercise
Example 1 b)Sketch the output Vo for Si diode.
What are the steps?
Half Wave Rectifier - Exercise
Example 2. Sketch the output voltages of
each rectifier for the indicated input
voltages. Given that the practical Silicon
diode model is used.
What are the steps?
Half Wave Rectifier - Exercise
Example 2. Sketch the output voltages of
each rectifier for the indicated input
voltages. Given that the practical Silicon
diode model is used.
What are the steps?
Half Wave Rectifier

TRANSFORMER-COUPLED INPUT VOLTAGE


• Transformers are often used for voltage change and
isolation.
• The turns ratio of the primary to secondary determines the
output versus the input.
Half Wave Rectifier
(Transformer-coupled input)
Example: The input given to the circuit is
sinusoidal 160V and RL is 1kΩ. Determine the
peak value of the output voltage if the turns
ratio is 0.5.
What are the steps?
Example: The input given to the circuit is
sinusoidal 160V and RL is 1kΩ. Determine the
peak value of the output voltage if the turns
ratio is 0.5.
What are the steps?
Full Wave Rectifier

Output
Input
Full Wave Rectifier

1st half

2nd half

Output
Input
Full Wave Rectifier

Full wave rectifier

Bridge Network Center tapped


(Bridge full -wave) transformer

The output frequency is twice the input frequency


Full Wave Rectifier
Bridge Network (Bridge full -wave)
The full-wave bridge rectifier takes advantage of the full output of the
secondary winding.
It employs four diodes arranged such that current flows in the direction
through the load during each half of the cycle.
Full Wave Rectifier
Bridge Network (Bridge full -wave) 2𝑉𝑝
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
𝜋

𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 0.636𝑉𝑝

1st half

2nd half
Full Wave Rectifier

• The +ve half-cycle of the


input voltage, the diode
D1 is in forward-bias
condition and D2 is in
reverse-bias, so the
current path is through D1
and the load resistor, RL .
• Thus, the output for the
first-half cycle is
Vp(out)=Vp(sec)/2-0.7
• Similar concept applied to
negative half cycle
Full Wave Rectifier
Full Wave Rectifier
Full Wave Rectifier
• Peak inverse voltage (PIV) in the diode is the peak value of the
inverse voltage across the diode in reverse bias condition.
• The PIV for a bridge rectifier is approximately half the PIV for a center-
tapped rectifier.
• PIV=Vp(out) +0.7V
• Note that in most cases we take the diode drop into account.
Full Wave Rectifier
Centre Tapped Transformer
• This method of rectification employs two diodes connected to a centre-
tapped transformer.
• The peak output is only half of the transformer’s peak secondary voltage.

Vp(out)=Vp(secondary)/2-0.7
Full Wave Rectifier
Centre Tapped Transformer
• For a positive half-cycle of the
input voltage, the diode D1 is
in forward-bias condition and
D2 is in reverse-bias, so the
current path is through D1
and the load resistor, RL .
• Thus, the output for the first-
half cycle is
Vp(out)=Vp(sec)/2-0.7
• Similar concept applied to
negative half cycle
Full Wave Rectifier

Centre Tapped Transformer


Full Wave Rectifier

Output waveforms of full wave rectifier


Full Wave Rectifier
Example: Based on the figure,
a. What type of circuit is this?
b. What is the total peak secondary voltage?
c. Find the peak voltage across each half of the secondary.
d. Sketch the voltage waveform across RL.
LEARNING OUTCOME

▪ At the end of this topic, the student should be able to


understand and explain:
1. Half wave rectifier
2. Full wave rectifier

Achieved?

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