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HVDC Notes

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52 views

HVDC Notes

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zk8566622
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EEE eee ae, Me RE Oates iON Og AAs on between upe and ewwac ©! * companies ad cumac wi be ‘made on the Thee aeon Wu HUPC an fonovsog three aupects 7) Ceonomice W) Techoreo | performance 4) Retoditity t) Economic & cost of Wonmmissiod tine< Oe ea el, e maintevance cost tnuestment COSE = ¢ Copiter\ cost) (Ee onal cost) cost of towers oeereen tecsel —> cost of conductors —> cost of incuiatoss cost of ROW (Right of way) Scostpt terminol equipment power per conductor AC Pac = Yao tactes® bc Pap = Vac Ide Facsthe mourmum eureent tnat Tac > moximum current 4that the conductor conduc tex can withstand : can wins tard Ude->The monimum vottaye that Vag—>Tt i not He the insulation can maximum uotta ge withstand tha & the insulation can withstand Yac= Vm Dee oe t= de =Vmy Tde = Tae Voe= Ude vu Pe ae _ Nae Tac a, all CRIA. rere vs Noe, tac COSY ae v2 Pde = v2 Pac [hde 7Pac “Sor the came conductor, the powes trance porte wn the form of De is more compo rel with Ae power pe coveurt : : — se gee ; . ‘Bi poias ine singe cnt line z : 2S Prac =3 fac Froe 2 tae ae ae Tae _ eae Ste Prac S Pac SB Vactac cosy Bde taccos ; v2 PPO mans ee see => Prpe 2 Pen Prac Bcos¢ cate Ayornspor t same, amount of powers DC line squires 1) 1ece number of conductors W) 1ese 90-0F inguio tots. ww) daovter and narsoun towers (wading = 5 cesc) on the towers iC w) (ess eowl But incase Of De tne cost oF terminal egurpment ( Le moe . converters} fe: &) ohmre loesee Dc * ty Aci s2°R aed vr ohmie Toeses tI DE IS (esd _s cus effect ic absent in de 4nerefore the otfecthve yecietance tr de ie 1@8S a) corona tosses pt ree Seo g jece INDE an pefeo, -'. tne corona asses ore cock AC Ze Pe sein! ! wipe ' Di cock \ uw pistance ~> upto breakdown = di'ctance AC is eLondmiea} akdows dieance pe & economical => Hter bra Technical pomamenee ‘a D etability limits D efabittty a In wong A dyangmiesion lines, the stabikty tmite fo the moct Serious timitativo , he on tronsmited ~from ove machine to anctiiey a“ ERS re chine 0% os. , (e giver ; Maa 2 QOSE VY P= aS ‘ent ‘ interna) wortages of we WOO mache s F, & Fp ave plw Fi & Es > phase digyerencé vo peasto cum OF — veactanses Of 120 machines, too draneformne rs and t3:bne- | | af d= a0" . : aa S ‘ uatue of Xx ! encreases, tne if the teng? of the line " en even see yonich vequits Aare Ren Am : oc t The powey transported anrough 4ne de une <2 Pycs Wact4ae oH length ef wang which t& endependent pf the eng ‘ ee: lena of trading wen (e Pm = steady state stabi 4 (it) Reockue power Raguiremen t @ wotage Requiation L ae ah os : | let a transmicsion line ig having &n inductance Pe ek perunte length and ite eratin 70 MERE oper g trontage we UP Gnd whe trader . nerated by euch tine oe amperes Reackve Bet 9° we? Ogenerated = eeackvé faust comarmed by th? tin? Beoveumphen > UT Se aguivora e “ At equaienium = 8.00 Qgen Pus? > jt ein Csurge IM V er wow dance ) (sav) a distance —> ‘ cose 7) Tat Vedoge iS constant even yoonrere ne veactve power qowsated py the ing ig eguole tp veackve power none , consurnen DC ite case ¢t) Roa \oreage swells puesyuohere and is maxmu mdolte of: the dransmission Une m atthe eco tyr fr “voHoge saers abl everwoneve middie of the Eveline. Ac we venta Peac k ond (@ Minimum at the ve Pees support De une: De une operates at unity power factoy preretore it doesn t require any reackue powes sup povt eg of tyne eu) Line compensation De tine yequives shunt & sewed compensating devices Mainly +o overcome te stability timite, and 40. suppoat the reactive power: Devine doesdt require any compensating deuices tu) problems o 9c tntesconnec ten Pee K af wo AC Syetems are interconnected ‘through Ac lin mee fonowing problems may arise» a) Fourt tevet increases ®) the magnitude of power osctuahions are_ large uchic! a eS yeads to Prequent tripping — 5 must operate at We some ty gux me c) Bown te systems yonien7e can be eliminated w two Ac syeterts pit the above P of ue : | use de tink bl | ) y) shore clycuit level ime is hwo % eysteme aye interconnected “through Ac ln, ancveases (faut ever eee? ctyeurt ceuel Ee complete guattchgea equipment se the short needs repiocernent @ otis problem con be olimimated if we use de unk ui) Genexating stahons + — wake af tne genesaer4 gta tion connected to we wod cenne through AC une, the yeactancé of the autesnatorx shoud be minimum to increase. the gheady erate stabsity amit © Pm) THA aiceynators which are having tow reactance von have high moment of tnextio Cdamensione ave targe) wwer te costiy: not eed of the primeovet can In hydro ‘plants , the £P sine warey ped be vaned depending on Ac system: : vin Ground mmpedance da because of Tm Ac Gaound impedance’ Is permitte Zero sequence current « this 2erO sequence current produces wxadio cnterderence * omn de -tnere fe nO uyrent: zaio sé guereé a anemi'es!on Dicadvantoges Ge Y > converters are expensive > convertere have litte ovenoad capabinty tec harmonves ~> converters eer > converters requires yeacttve powe¥ > ctecutt breaking iO mutt terminoy AC tines ie dffficutt } >Complen ty ‘0 power contra te, more anisms sion gc of wupe TY >To transport burk powes Ouler wager dictonce ¢ be ee a ee ee -_ ae w 0 20 a TO tesconnect we nce syeteme operating ae ¥ ire rent frequency In undergyound canes and cubmasine cables 2 m conjusted oyeas wohere veces Row fe avarianie Kinds of Pc Linkse = Tthereare SK De links nas of 2) Mono-polas kink : W) Bf- polos ink at) Homo —po1os link 1) Morg—polas link OO end = one conductos usuany lof eet hos ony negattue potonty => Gaound., S¢a 9% met atic gheath ee uced as retro (ep SE Negtive porarity eonductos, corona toes and xadent radial epesference 1 (ese Theretore it _& useful prea dventag @ wp there (Ss art faust 09 the conductor, poses ron be tntouptedt completly > 4wo conduc tors Bipolay line has aytty by Ne ative porosity on 4 (o) positive pot f converter stations <> rach terminas has +wo'sets © connected in Sesiec | bf identica) ratings eonich are junctions of. converter etations are —> Tf botn the yate independertly | i grounded , then each pore 620 ope |) with sound ret) Aduantag ¢ sae ean) te occurs on one ea dole vith e Wwe others | ground yearn and art of tHe nated Brae operate sodependtly maintain Ae supply, upl Boe Y ea sy) Rapetono =POjar, (PK | —7 Tt hac +00 OF more Same porarity usually etic as poles can > Tf faut occur’ on ole tne othe* operate ‘indepen? dently and maintaro powes hart © one IP supply aboue thé Petine, Fated POWE® ~ bu Ane converter ctatons Ave avaiable undeyY Faust conditions also in HNDC transmission oe Faire sain conponec’* vrorss erent a Oat Rneeieee a ee cemponen ts m 0. conuestev BA BPIE p Tae station is chown e converters the tayout Of o 2 pure ) ; Ls mao to figure « Tt ‘consist s. of ape foueang components, ‘ ; 4) cOnvereey yn ante 5 = ‘of \ converters’ © >It consicts of two 6 putse dee tdentical ratings connec ted in sesiet 1g purse converte, vn n ovl and freo > Uawves ave cooted by rotected by tne svubbes clveul'ts estore > vaives are gap tess such art Rey +. 1 dai ein & S 99 GF ergnare are gee AeeeM | a Fusing aignarc ov aici re Papen and “eee Ove. franc mae +o ane each waive aprough fibre optie legbt woeiguted cyte 2) converte’ tran cformers t i-@ dum thee voinding > 56 100 eoinding oF transformer® are Us nthe 8¢ std =? utyva) stor ugith ne >the converter teavage yeactance, 3) Cmoottg Reactor mm mooth the © units { uawee) AL triers im —— f wort passive elements Critic) Ye aie MOLE OP 0 mintnun weEtlte impedance 5 cwrent ced: #8 prouide nd ore harmon d (ue nd§ damped) 7 pipers ave ui tor harmonte youtag? a > Tuo ty pes ot piterxs ave uce Woe Fitters © A a dp the Ad fitese ’ stratiar she DO” How WICS THe are > thee elimtnate : oe ad Rater ue = ees was > fo ucéed to eliminate he high Frequency cemponents . ior ce pee Reguivemenlss —>emuerterc yveguires yeackue power of lso-60) 7, of actue power toading aud > Thie crease: power (a Suppiied by itere oy. ay a orner veacttue poworY gouyees . Amarysis of converters Defrnihoos t) puree number = 0.0f PC gt te defined at 2 cle of Ac votgge . a pursatiors es oy s = 9¥s : | Jue: ey of vawie | “ue 069 of wae = avg” x PINs a Toug? = Purrene POOng aprough the ua\ve piu pear! taverse volteg® i) ve rating of transforms eels XUems = Sawie Time > Teng eurrent fowng 4h rough ane . end ing Es ae weit Vinee eS vestage acxoce ° 4 = the cornding OTe PUCE convestes OF ) s-6 fu Brclge conver ‘> GeedtT= clecul c — — e = Average PE voltage = —_= ~ wt oi a ons @acdwet Vae = “A/a a We © =a { eEmcosto tae 5 “u76 wi -v3Eem fener} ee Ben 7h, = = ZUZE nee Ip ‘| pee SU Us rating of uavver se ou(3 = as, fe ee, {oa avg eel Ta = oD ear mmverce uot et pear emvetce UC pi = ve Em Aggregate vee SF eC UN : @xtd xVZ.EM = i = 27973 ve al 3y3 ac Qn Ta Ude 3 = 20492 ide Ta e IdDVPa4e ‘ _ Tranetormer Rating > m . ~ pine = Tyme Vims 2 er pig = Td se Urms a a Jz ~L Ew = ay2et Sue Th S a. Uae a V2 —w 33 be @°34eVactTd Agppegate ua Raing oF TTF SH sxo-3ue@ Pde = (rOUUPAe a Ry Choice of converter conf’guxa tion j— =— f ‘uoEage Generar Capvecsion. for tug De UEEAG, ce cS Wi, \ Ude = 20 ( Emcoswtdeot I Fp -oys=5 eo mmantato na ombmaboo grup | ‘ g> “vo of vawes 0 parauel oof Wawes connected a v c> roof waives ernectes io Genes _> for 3% pars wave pectttrey ah oy 1 = Bo i pes cafes 36 Fur wave Rec q-3 Fer $22 pF 6 de voltage? Arfies a ae Em oP ° (=) a 6! no of ral connected, :7 $* Maes Spent ee then > peak invesse vottage Danie Em gem c0s7 © (45)\ 9-044 too > eat the convener used foy| HUE -wanseicsi'on have the Fowewing characters co Shoug id have high pose Aumbes a *) converters Shou «) PIU should beac smal as poseible Ude porwr ble a) wee chouid be OF high ctos choutd be neosly au) Transformer ataicaror Fo zguol 10 7 yoity) High pees Numbes ! Ac sae pe ade he np he np eae he snt) pr27 Wesn | ee He ostee Sees N= ent P WB pee? he60 % aut peop etl? pale > red Aad po 12 eu h 10, 224 - ceg , tne order of she mbes ¢ very high fre conversed se COM pl ex mignon veguires optimum eS eye. pure nu! civeui become mo stherefore. HDC tyans' MWertess ee FY Ps numbes Ce — — . il Genevary For HVDC Honemiseron .2—"c' puice : 7 each pore PW oe decidec the cost oF *he vaive - Wae eee PY shod | Ud ap yefore -for ezonorTwe, FEC LAY | chou be ag Smoan o¢ Roe plu = 2Em iq © even', Uae= saers*(s) oe po es ae Gee 8, £g. s0(-5) fh 44 odd , oe aencos (55) Uae = LS on oo aa Spi = Q2EM coo(=5) de ee exer sn /2) coe = : ) ae em 5g S°C3) te uortage the (ven Ac dary of the converter shouid be hrgb Vide = Be emsn( em Wn pe OU ut Feb +he 3 tp voltage ot ae » 28> a8: = B59, "07h srancfomer Ubtcatron = (TvF) 3 _— “px vere px EM + ve ae vo FE Ag aay Nae -4d Fa choo (Ey IS | a =e Porgns9(S). 1217 sin() There are 5 possibte oq pas convertere are there ~ Hon a 3 pis Vado gndtvr for Al these co mfiguse ion Are Aver: awed in the tape esis Se NX eG E e 2.400 usH og psd 23y 1-8 | tt169 | bus! 350 y.¢ly : a —- ©, «wes oO » Bie o® ' ee “py we ——— Potangi of G wate cure ule . iar oventoppicg coset) taketh Gaia control uy ita > wathout— “ouerlOp means, ot an ee ce only 4wo waves wrt cO nduct, one fioo™ the posieue 5 and presse too™ ge aegotue Sie tee of current fares tout detay- commutation qeup eommuto to? Oxo e pions enerantancously 10 ndloe 09 and vawe 5 Aone, co t ciscute is let vawwes 4 an te fired snen +7 2 2g tugieD eho. = VzEmsinwt- eqs ver Emsin (wt 30) we 50 eb = Em sin = wes & ) sino tbo © vzFm £ wert abe = va EM Sin(, 3) Vace Z. [5 Pron wth ws anf wth duot Na ay Us Eras C LS) anate 4 of uatve to delayed by RONG Se me OA a3 ‘ tt T/3) deot jet V2 Ena sino Sarr | o - we n ba = olf ls pmsi? WLWE HW dwt a : 302Em ie weve Cuet ase) aa ol op ‘3 Ew cos eos — ~ 2 33 ae a aoe Vd, _ sine ny, 28 Ee Ef cos (2% + _cos(4 , 2) -coga coo 2 + sinusinas | es mivareees (-s10. ) asinasinz, } Brew (4 Neuget +e ¥ cose Bee sol Emcos 7 Pa= ugid eT — TD uoy te Uosied Wits overtop p ES ranteae in the Gamé constant the sp yes HOw ne vis uasied current SOP? one Wal commut atiop your? becaus & of (oetankaneous ly and tronefoume 5 indue tone , a —> The duator when 4h e yaues poth th ts caued wn dhe same overlap angie, and Louree e curvent- e Ac unk Ua 4nrvouge ve to another valve doesndt +atec place inductance wo ehaed by commut aton group is measured iby ‘a>. co CONDUCTION LEU ENCE ' ' a fe Say 1 3 pasa | ss mS eck ae! { ! 7 eae ee |! ome!) 2 | ld | \ eo Poy 2S) Se eCe rie OTT, ' / ihe 1, OT SMe pwn ui Go" 2g 3 vawwes conducts attesnakvely > tet vawee and > are conduc fing and” vatue 5 ts Pied \ ; eq i v No Lan Or Seno: cu Va = Noes dung \w? Radu We ok eb-ec afters. Yu [eb 4 =te a hots TY oe © eb- te cive un -©O dt adding 0% ®© ( en an dis v 4: caren) -%e | Ge at 2 OVA Ita 0 } Piven = 12 (0).6.2 UA eateb~ QUA é' [earentec =0 eat oec= 28 ~ 2 +a = gee eee ye beets oo ag a e “see dunhg 2 | 2be atta U ebe apie U 2 u 60° aa —— | =Secdwt + | evesot| v/a 5 Se \ . url Gore 2 3 \ -Secdwt ¥ | eveaet | ot aa Ta= Em [cox + cos (40) _ ee Ug = 308 \ id ai coca Feos curs) | \ hy Nas Ude [eee pene (v4 5] 2 Pastatd 1 Hrerehor ve function of u- le amnot control Lu tcotsol Vd: => Ud we conno te for Ua echich rae he = We required equo independent of u From the equivatent civeutt, @g- te ai = Pherae ais at ( ante _Knous tee eee c at ce wee eb- sn eet : dir +489 aS ise dt a as re da oS at ie ott ate SoRes I sgelit: Ee Dee TeEmsnwt dis 2 JR Em _ gino + at QLe ing NEEM, gino dt Tare, ‘ A gre _vzEm cost +4 owe aes me fen wuthial condhons ot wt= a) =o via See coca t 4 QUOLe P= VEE co eel Quwl¢e (3 = V3 Ero cused og ‘2 Qrole . hipggteeey> Era (g= fs cosw— coset ] Smee= te = vege: = See at wt= etu, tage td ad = (e> [ —_—— 2 -Cenrasren CeiteBerseyere cout Ee” - oe —_— = aS choractenaticc OF controllere ¢ )) controuery chourdn't be Sencitue to the noma ttadiabon ‘in vottage and frequency 2) controuer chourd be fast, retlable and easy t design 3) controttey should have complete operating Farge ne fiom fun rectification +0 fun toversion 4) controlled ehoutd see that converters vequire les peactive power §) controuey shoud see snot uoives must be fied symmetyicarty 6) contyotter should nmr the Fiuctuotions in the aunent as weil as maim n> current Flowing n the link P controuer shoutd epntrol the power fiow iw the hn indepen dt and smooth by ont vowing the eftne uoreage 0 curyent and — both 9) controuey shourd protect the valves Bacto eteeds means of control — ais jam aN iat © wc +: a \ Vado’ cost | Nedoi 6° lz ° From chm’é law , doy CoS<— Udor cost ee Rey t Rt — ROA we 5 to increase Td witt have two opens Dincreace cos™ we decrease ~ am proves t)) decrease Poco xy then the pecomes worst power Factor case t) ee _> Rectitier giae AC uorrage increases > TF Em Teco Vdes fo he conbroter chouid decrease ra ost fit TE a pouches the = td) & onune tap changing sie limit) nen use the transfor me" (o LTP) case tt): > Tf Rectifier side Ac uoLtage decreases > Om tes Udder deg Ta Ges then shoud inerease To controller i => Ta Nee Sled) Tee LS dyes > 4-8 pouches ty, eowey uit then use the OLTP i | casei) umvertex s Side Ac. ‘vottage” increase ~ control Hiesarchy = ‘ — {pote-u. controt pote- = contro) system control ¢ | te controls both Ac : pe network = te decides how much ‘poet: ghouid flow throu gb the link ee : : ‘as | Master. eontsot ! | ~~ Depencle on Pret, cb Carcatates how vrauclt tiv rent “ghould flow through th: — nfoomaton to pasced +0 the xe ene. por abe .cqrvertes stations elite ve he Same mote contioy 19° ee Re? Me Gc (vate Group peiag! ee Se Kis veoh fres and Some “edeclod tt decides in 1 fax inverter depending on Ta roferanae re once magncres 4 a id he Ve. ; — cleclo> - frac ve | > ol controle. ic For Recthesr through the Hink< | aunrent. Plowing e curren t a> actu! ef > yeterene Tarr n to the Sle and crayret re aie “sthe ditterence OF cont10! uoitage Vd contiorrery uohich enerates depending upon 4n aifference « ThE contso! 4ne FAC (Fring angle controtle UoOHoge we Q3ue? ‘ Te depends on Ue dwohich genexo ts wi depe Fot pnyerter > Eb hp ee CeAe) Firing angle controler oer +wo types of fining anq\ De wee le conty ler ¢ they a i) Pc Cindividea! un) Epe ( eguicistont purse con prose comoue? ) pore) *) pes > IN aeig ec cheme firing tnolividuarty foo each valwe voctonr te delesmned > Thie seheme wwas used 'D past > There are hoo vessions ' this ¢eheme DN evcine contsoiten » linear contrvoucs rycocine controtles dg rie. ora ge HOYT 4 ¢) F +h as ising puices are gener ale at the intersecton of Mm it tage contol voltage q ALT tine. Ul ag Ug = Umcos* Bea Ne um, Uda = Udo cost Ua = ao: Ye Ung aduartage ! the deagn of the conpoley fe €OXt Decouse + hac lintar -tasteo chavacterictecs al a Se ea . a Is. : cay +t pisadvantage * When a's near the Ze10 thie a0 i controller %s sensitve 4to Ve ond genera toc fence ate wu 2) linens con trounce’ 430 sin texc choo enerated athe a ac une wortage uwet are ol wort age an > ann of che conty Csomp sig) a Ke Ua z gn 0S = Ud = Udece$ L&C) Aduontage: I+ genesa tos eee Cup te 69) bisadvantge Designing of ae vontsoued 1s. COMP choaa chen 'stic ter becaus e om has nop nea eon citer Putin x) Epe Ceguad iclant purse contsoner ) < are ot synchvonicedt wrth line wattone Fixing puce eroted ot an equa! intervals > Firing putes are 9 ofa. oe > tm this scheme there ove dhree versions ) puse Frequently controlled 2) purse phose contiottet 3) purse period contsouey D) purse Faqgueny controlled ‘ F ea ee : rowed ana eo - iif 1 I € Taleqroted ten +n} {uen to the and Uc ts thine signal cus{We))» te gea0, then enerator whieh 4ne sing youth fired the integral su Bee com a ratoy along with romp bln these +00 gigna's tos actuates dhe puree 4 enesartes The a thie oe te given #0 countes which operates tit os ie daay nat tm) 2) posse phase contsoley oe The Frequeney oF PROP of purses depends on the chorging and discharging oF copocitor.C compavats eonusts Of & capacitor) : @eecct hae ulee generates fl ; ) 1 6D" Tet qorl | 60 a \or7 Startup of DC link = Stepd s De-bloce the inverter asound %= 90° Stepaz De-biock the weckfier about % =e5°, tO ee de current % Steps + Ramp of the von ge by controuing + and. . 1 ent bi a and steps? Ramp oF dhe curvent YY controuing De-enerqazation ofa Rxidg 2 i sn > There are i) By- pass voyue @) one aren inn tne £0 ) By pass uawe ess >t switches 14 2 to frowing dnyough t y 2 are Cc 60°, and 9 ‘on +t uawes {and +, 4 thiough Baie OF? 7% B Vs min” » > tet vaiwes fox a pesiod of utice to vawe 3 shen commut ati d guctch & then thé quyrent swith 3) then open two metnods +o ol ane bridge nownauy + this enstant ¢ Now at th eenergiae © bitdge me bridge closed posite? and powe! is onductng» and they eonduct after 60 biock dhe gate ue the gore purse to vawue + anes place b [ eutference poventra ie imetont close vs divested “tug 6 tne suttches 1&2 tINIT- raat power CONTROL IN a ie i INTRODUCTION tn HUDC tranemiss!oo ove converte! ¢ nuesters , ne current yt the ae yortage * => The comverts uted tne commutated ommutated °° an angle oa uw e conver ters operates at tagging pt eackue fee 2 mm une ¢ eg deiayed by therefore thes e these conver uoet is eens requires v sup plied from & ed capacitors 7 ante. oe amoue ac Fitess , state VO enc kve => thie reac b as euntch cources. cucl synchio nous condensors eer ye) on 04 SUS and cost > the seteet eo depends on the speed requires, 7 Ot Yes pews conti oF peackve pow tn Study stake Pez VES | ae a aes contro! ereortegles conte ol strate gy ntrol strategy > There are tvo0 » conventional 3) tternate 6° Bee ) conventtOonda) contro\ skroteqy DV NO i es ¢ the Converted -exming) The v¢ vottag® acres te gwen by Wa * Weose - Gad —© Vielen ee ty = ta Udb Wks Bi n converter operates we giver) “the powerfactor at whie by coop = Vd = cose - Re Dag 1 : ne) u Active power Pa = UTyCOSd —©. ae Evoes Ox Uataand —@ aE Re dees > “CohdN Fee ——s, End) Yee —S Vd des teu lee > Geneey eres (sim) Fei => Vy IP ek te5—> (rosa) eb Geso)t fin 6 e. Oy, Tes 2) Attanate contol Strategies eee = The equtvatent ‘eiyeuit Of mecliher te shown Figure bus ts given by p 2 evpsin’ oliagros phasor - From the proser diagsar veoss = ecos( Pts) Pa er Beng cose st ® am are coos Set Yo; (ge s-# 2 for maximum vaiue of P, ag 29s F jem =o Prot = § cosh @5)} mo ape E’6 angst at “cod i : / A Len females nl eosd Qe 0'/. OF Prat Bie ony shunt compensa device's connecteo| ee ete (=) RB Cee suse prone of Shunt compensating deweec Sources of Reactwe power = the Forowing supply ane rveackve power 46 ME Hyp, syste Ac sytem as wis LL syvelrono ud ua condeneos & capamings Rank ts Acs tem, Jae 2~ shunt copacito Bank 3+ Ac Sitters 4 Syuchyonous condense x¢ S- grote varied compensators A tern ati =_ abt —» Alormany yeactwe power to nok dtavwn som m, beeavge we MnAcreas osses t9 OF sys ” che 7 e s, At oy ? Cyan cet => wortag© 10g Ge of ac systenn become poor > stabiity onsidetakong toad ox Ho tad condikon® reactve der kqut > UW be 1029 From ries file system power can | ie /<- AC d « Sea ee a capacitor bank: te 40 eliminate] = The main obyectve od minim s 2. he hasmons'c ¢ x an addition we Filters ao power at fundamental frequency he filters Sup pies weachkve Aalvenctoge —rlow cost Aisadhvautog —» emooth control TS NOt jee ele be avoided —> possibility of vottag & Fening Lit can yeducng the See of each umit) by f prion uc condensod So eee Ee fe a overs Mele one machine under ng wood condi Oo Advantage a power ts possebve emo orn Contso% of reackue static voaied compensators + Ss SS toey Sources yeacloxs yeacnhve pe 7 These ave populosly used whroue a | sucttch > These an thyristor 60 and thyristor covttre (ed [| Switch capacitos eT a. ONT} U ~~? conuerteR FALLTS “ANIP per Hs INTRODUCTION roa ine Fauite 2 > these are very Frag vent but vece Severe> & => theconductore are expoced +o the atmocphere. 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TF at thig enctant udive 416 ause of 1c back , then theres epi be a gactors adtechng Ne, Haough #) Failure of Negative Gril posse { on cimode oy cathode 2) vertage trancien of Crate pulse 3) cary occurance Abfects SS ) Low vaiues of wit be 3) shot exeuit CN Ane bridge 2) Harmontcs eutayoduced * cy misfire — ee > Catiuve OF uae +o eqnite sie echeduied 5 cared mvs: wn vectfers ot conducting paiod 's ~ this Faurt mary pccurs OH ene auvesters causes | Factors Affecting mishtré > manufacturing detect > Guid purse Guid puse —> Eneess negative Adfect => short etseuit on the bridge dl) Quenching —— ~ Exhingaishion of the ove Site gcheduted ) tonducting paiod ee peat

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