ou “Problems For Practice vobiemsForPractice 1. ABCDE is a pentagon. Prove that > > > > > 2 AB+ BC+ CD+ DE+ EA=0. fo Fig. 4.28, ABCDEF is a regular hexagon. Prove > > > > > > that AB+ AC+ AD+ AE+ AF =6AO. Fig. 4.28 3A boy travels 10 m due north and then 7 m due east. Find the displacement of the boy. (Ans. 12.21 m, 35° east of north) - Find the resultant of two forces, one 6 N due east and other 8 N due north. (Ans, 10 N, 53°8' with 6 N force)5, Calculate the angle between a 2 N force and a3 N force so that their resultant is4.N. (Ans. 75°31’) 4 "The resultant vector of P and Qis R. On reversing the direction of G, the resultant vector becomes 5. how that : R? + S? =2(P* + Q*). FT wo equal forces have the square of their resultant equal to three times their product. Find the angle between them. (Ans. 60% riren the angle between two vectors of equal magnitude is 2n / 3, prove that the magnitude of the sultant is equal to either. om: what angle do the two forces( P+ Q)and(P- Q) act so that the resultant is {3° +. (ans, 60%) [Central Schools 18] 10. The resultant of two equal forces acting at right angles to each other is 1414 dyne. Find the magnitude of either force. [Himachal 04] (Ans. 1000 dyne) A particle is acted upon by four forces simul- taneously : () 30 N due east (ii) 20 N due north (iii) 50 N due west and (iv) 40 N due south. Find the resultant force on the particle. (Ans. 2072 N, 45° south of west) Two boys raising a load pull at an angle to each other. If they exert forces of 30 N and 60 N respectively and ‘their effective pull is at right angles to the direction of the pull of the first boy, what is the angle between their arms ? What is the effective pull ? (Ans. 120°, 30V3 N) wa ship is steaming due east at 12 ms~!. A woman runs across the deck at 5 ms” in a direction at right angles to the direction of motion of the ship and towards north. Calculate the velocity of the woman relative to sea. (Ans. 13 ms~!, 22°37’ north of east) wat Find the angle between two vectors Band Gif resultant of the vectors is given by R? = P? + eg. [Central Schools 07] ( Ans.90°)Problems For Practice a i > na” > A A - If A=3i+2j and B=i-2j+3k, find the magnitudes of A + Band A - B. (Ans. 5, 29) Yrind the unit vector parallel to the resultant of the a > A A > A A vectors A = 2i —6j —3k and B =4i+3j-k. 1 a pd an Ans. = (61-3j-4k if msi i-3j ’ 3. Determine the vector which when added to the resul- ee ne a > AAA tant of A = 2i —4j — 6k and B =4i + 3j + 3k gives the unit vector along z-axis. (ang 674+ jt 4k) A Find the value of 4% in the unit vector 041+ 08j7+Ak. (Ans. V0.2) 5. Given three coplanar vectors a= 4b - i, = A A A b =-3i + 2j andc =— 3; . Find the magnitude of e sum of the three vectors. (Ans, V5) f A force is inclined at 30° to the horizontal. If its rectangular component in the horizontal direction is 50 N, find the magnitude of the force and its vertical component. (Ans. 57.74 N, 28.87 N) 7. A velocity of 10 ms™' has its Y-component 5/2 ms™!. ‘alculate its X-component. (Ans, 5V¥2 ms’) f An aeroplane takes off at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. If the component of its velocity along the horizontal is 200 km h7!, what is its actual velocity ? Also find the vertical component of its velocity. (Ans, 230.94 km h7!, 115.47 km nh!)De aS Find the angle between the vectors A =i+ +h lems For Practice and B =-f-}+2k. (Ans.902) Find the value of so that the vectors =2f+aj+k and B=4i-2]-2k are perpen- dicular to each other. (Ans... =3) aA what value of m, is the vector A =21+43)-6k perpendicular to the vector Ba3f-mj+ok? [Delhi 16] ( Ans.-10) 4. For what value of aare the vectors A =ai-2j+k and B =2ai +a} -46 perpendicular to each other ? (Ans.2, - 1) 5. Find the angles between the following pairs of vectors : @ A=isj+k and B=-2'-2j-28. (Ans.180°) (i) A=-22+2}-& and B=3! +6) +28 (Ans.799 (i) K =22-4) + 6k and B=37+j+2k. [Central Schools 17] ( Ans.60°) 6. Calculate the values of (i) 7.(2?-3) + ) and (ii) (2? -j}).i +k) [Ans.() -3 (i) 6] 7. A force F =4i +} +3K newton acts on a particle and displaces it through displacement $=11f+11/+ 15k metre. Calculate the work done by the force. (Ans.100J) Inder a force of 10-3 + 6k newton, a body of mass 5 kg is displaced from the position 6f+5/-3k to the position 10f-2)+7k. culate the work done. (Ans.121 J) wA the sum and difference of two vectors A and Bare A+ Be2is6p+k and A-Baaisaj-nk. Find the magnitude of each vector and their scalar a Product A. B. ( Ans.¥50, V1, - 25) ws force F=51+4) newton displaces a body through § = 37+ 4% metre in3s. Find the power. ( Ans.5 W)a4 If the resultant of the vectors 3/ +4 j +5k and 5i+3 j +4k makes an angle 0 with x-axis, then find cos 6 (Ans. 0.5744) 12. Show that the vectors A =31-27 +k, B=!-3/+5k and C@ =27+}-46 forma right gle triangle. > 3 > rie A, Band C have magnitudes 8, 15 and 17 > > > > units and A + B = C, find the angle between A and > B. (Ans. 90°) > 3? > 14. If A= B - C, then determine the angle between A and B. 144+B-C Ans. 8=cos’ © ——_~_—— Ss. cos a + > > ter two vectors A and B if A+ B=C and > s A+ B=C then prove that A and B are parallel to each other. 16. Prove that : (A +2B).(2A-3B)=2A? + ABcos 0 - 6B.Problems for Practice 1. WA=2+37+28 and B=3+ } +26, then find the vector product A x B. An (ans, 4+ 47-88) (Prove that the vectors A=4f+3}+k and B=12/+97+36 are parallel to each other. 3. If A=22 +37 +8 and B=3f+2)448, then find the value of (A + B) (A - B). (Ans. 201+ 10} + 10%) S= the value of a for which the vectors 37+37+98 andi +aj +36 are parallel. (Ans. 4=1) } Find a unit vector perpendicular to the vectors Ax4i—j+38 and B=-2%4j-28. tans. 4-7 +27 +28) S Find the sine of the angle between the vectors = As 4j+5k and B=i-j+k. (ans. 1/5) (Find a vector of magnitude 18 which is perpendicular to both the vectors 4/-j'+3k and -2i+j-2k. (ane:62+12}+228) f. Determine the area of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides are formed by the vectors Aaf-3j+8 and B=i+j+k. (Ans, 4V2 square units) 4a the area of the triangle formed by points O, A and B such that OA=/+2f+3k and Ob=-3i-27 +k. (Ans, 3V5 square units) 10, Find with the help of vectors, the area of the triangle with vertices A (3,~ 1,2) B(1,—1,~3)and C(4,-3,1). (Ans, 1165 /2:sq. units) 11. tf Z and B are two such vectors that | A|= | Bl=7 and Ax B=3/+2) +68, find the angle between A and B. (Ans, ©/6) 12, Find the moment about the point '+2/-& of a force represented by 3/+ acting through the — (ans, -3? +117 + 9%)‘Dr blems for Practice fA train is moving with a velocity of 30 km h~! due east and a car is moving with a velocity of 40 km h7! due north. What is the velocity of car as appears to a passenger in the train ? (Ans. 50 km h71, 36°52’ west of north) f Rain is falling vertically with a speed of 35 ms™!. A woman rides a bicycle with a speed of 12 ms“ in east to west direction. What is the direction in which she should hold her umbrella ? (Ans. At an angle of 19° with the SA vertical towards the west) Toa Person moving eastwards with a velocity of 4.8km h7}, rain appears to fall vertically down- wards with a speed of 6.4kmh"!. Find the actual speed and direction of the rain. (Ans. 8 kmh, 53°7'33”" with the horizontal) 4A ship i is streaming towards east with a speed of 12 ms~!. A woman runs across the deck at a speed of 5ms~ in the direction at right angles to the direction of motion of the ship i.e., towards north. What is the velocity of the woman relative to the sea? (Ans. 13 ms™!, 22°37’ north of east) A plane “a travelling eastward at a speed of 500km h7. But a 90kmh™! wind is blowing southward. What is the direction and speed of the plane relative to the ground ? (Ans. 10.2° south of east, 508 km h7!) 6. A reckless drunk is playing with a gun in an airplane that is going, directly east at 500 km hl The drunk shoots the gun straight up at the ceiling of the plane. The bullet leaves the gun at a speed of 1000 km h*?}. Relative to an observer on earth, what angle does the bullet make with the vertical ? (Ans. 26.6%) or"Problems for Practice A, plane is flying horizontally at a height of 1000 m with a velocity of 100 ms~ when a bomb is released from it. Find (j) the time taken by it to reach the ground (ji) the velocity with which the bomb hits the target and (iii) the distance of the target. fans, ()) 14.28 s (i) 172.1 ms", B = 54°28" (fi) 1428.5 m] om the top of a building 19.6 m high, a ball is projected horizontally. After how long does it strike fhe ground ? If the line joining the point of projection to the point where it hits the ground akes an angle of 45° with the horizontal, what is ¢ initial velocity of the ball ? (Ans. 28, 9.8 ms”) Fs body is thrown horizontally from the top of a tower «ind strikes the ground after two seconds at angle of 45° with the horizontal. Find the height of the tower and the speed with which the body was thrown. Take =9.8ms~. (Ans. 19.6 m, 19.6 ms“) Awe tall buildings are situated 200 m apart. With what speed must a ball be thrown horizontally from the window 540 m above the ground in one building, so that it will enter a window 50 m above the ground in the other ? (Ans. 20 ms“*) 5, A stone is dropped from the window of a bus moving at 60 kmh". If the window is 1.96 m high, find the distance along the track, which the stone moves before striking the ground. (Ans. 10.54 m) 6, Anaeroplane is flying in a horizontal direction with a velocity of 600 kmh™" and at a height of 1960 m. When it is vertically above a point A on the ground, a body is dropped from it. The body strikes the ground at a point B. Calculate the distance AB. (Ans. 3333.3 m) a” mailbag is to be dropped into a post office from an aeroplane flying horizontally with a velocity of 270 kmh™ at a height of 176.4 m above the ground. How far must the aeroplane be from the post office at the time of dropping the bag so that it directly falls into the post office ? (Ans. 450 m) 8, In between two hills of heights 100 m and 92 m respectively, there is a valley of breadth 16 m. If a vehicle jumps from the first hill to the second, what must be its minimum horizontal velocity so that it may not fall in‘o the valley ? Take g = 9 ms". (Ans. 12 ms!) 9, A man runs sicross the rool-top of a building and jumps horizcntally with the hope of landing on the roof of next [:uilding which is of lower height than the first. I: his speed is 9ms ', the (horizontal) distance bet ween the two buildings is 10 m and theaM”: body is projected with a velocity of 20 ms” ina direction making an angle of 60° with the horizontal, Calculate its (i) position after 0.5 s and (ii) velocity after 0.5 s. [Ans. (i) x =5m, y= 7.43 m (ii) 15.95 ms“, B = 51.169) 3, ‘The maximum vertical height of a projectile is 10m, If the magnitude of the initial velocity is 28 ms“, what is the direction of the initial velocity ? Take g=98ms”. (Ans. 30°) I bullet fired from a gun with a velocity of 140 ms“ strikes the ground at the same level as the gun at a distance of 1 km. Find the angle of inclination with the horizontal at which the bullet is red. Take g =9.8 ms. (Ans, 15°) Sf bullet is fired at an angle of 15° with the horizontal and hits the ground 6 km away. Is it possible to hit a target 10 km away by adjusting the angle of projection assuming the initial speed to be the same ? (Ans. Yes) 6, Acricketer can throw a ball to maximum horizontal distance of 160 m. Calculate the maximum vertical height to which he can throw the ball. Given g=10ms?. (Ans. 80 m) 7, A football is kicked 20 ms” at a projection angle of 45°, A receiver on the goal line 25 metres away in the direction of the kick runs the same instant to meet the ball. What must be his speed, if he is to catch the ball before it hits the ground ? (Ans. 5-483 ms) 3, Abullet fired at an angle of 60° with the vertical hits the ground at a distance of 2 km. Calculate the distance at which the bullet will hit the ground when fired at an angle of 45°, assuming the speed to be the same. (Ans. 2.31 km) 9, A person observes a bird on a tree 39.6 m high and at a distance of 59.2 m. With what velocity the should throw an arrow at an angle of 45° so that it may hit the bird ? (Ans. 41.86 ms“) P A» ball is thrown from the top of a tower with an initial velocity of 10 ms“ at an angle of 30° with the horizontal. If it hits the ground at a distance of 173 m from the base of the tower, calculate the height of the tower. Given g = 10 ms”. (Ans. 10 m) GPProve that the time of flight T and the horizontal range R of a projectile are connected by the equation : gT* =2R tan @, where 0 is the angle of projection. qi Show that the range of a projectile for two angles of projection a and B is same, where a. + B = 90°. 13, A body is projected with velocity of 40 ms”. After 2s it crosses a vertical pole of height 20.4 m. Calculate the angle of projection and horizontal range. (Ans. 30°, 141.39 m)