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The document analyzes data from the Jharkhand state of India to examine factors impacting childbirth among women. Key findings from tables and figures in the document include: 1. 59.71% of households have 0 children under age 5, and 83.94% have 1 or fewer children under age 5. 2. Higher levels of education among women are associated with fewer total children ever born. 3. Education has a greater impact on reducing childbirth than other factors like residence location. Higher educated women generally have fewer children.

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Bhaskkar Sinha
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23 views

Working Version 1

The document analyzes data from the Jharkhand state of India to examine factors impacting childbirth among women. Key findings from tables and figures in the document include: 1. 59.71% of households have 0 children under age 5, and 83.94% have 1 or fewer children under age 5. 2. Higher levels of education among women are associated with fewer total children ever born. 3. Education has a greater impact on reducing childbirth than other factors like residence location. Higher educated women generally have fewer children.

Uploaded by

Bhaskkar Sinha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Jharkhand Group #1

Objective(s) :

1. To analyse by counting the birth history of females with 0 child


below 5 years.
2. To fix a child bearing age( say 30 years) and factors like education
impacting child bearing and,
3. To determine the proportion of mothers with 0 child( below 5 years
age) are actually childless.(?)

Tables and Figures

type of
place of
residence Freq. Percent Cum.

urban 5,145 19.42 19.42


rural 21,350 80.58 100.00

Total 26,495 100.00

Table #1 : Jharkhand sample respondents distribution regionwise (place


of residence).Source : DHS (2019-2021)
Inference: Since the differnce between the Urban and the Rural counter
part, the Urban may behave like the rural once.

number of
children 5
and under
in
household
(de jure) Freq. Percent Cum.

0 15,820 59.71 59.71


1 6,421 24.23 83.94
2 3,329 12.56 96.51
3 732 2.76 99.27
4 124 0.47 99.74
5 48 0.18 99.92
6 21 0.08 100.00

Total 26,495 100.00

Table# 2 : Number of children<5 in a Household.


Inference:Upto 3 years it covers 99.26% under 5 in a household.Around
60% is about 0-1(See fig.1)

total
children
ever born Freq. Percent Cum.

0 7,906 29.84 29.84


1 3,303 12.47 42.31
2 5,588 21.09 63.40
3 4,698 17.73 81.13
4 2,648 9.99 91.12
5 1,307 4.93 96.06
6 633 2.39 98.44
7 281 1.06 99.51
8 95 0.36 99.86
9 26 0.10 99.96
10 7 0.03 99.99
11 2 0.01 100.00
12 1 0.00 100.00

Total 26,495 100.00

Table#3: Total number of child born in the Household(HH)


Inference:Frequency is more dispersed compared to table 2(Irrespective
of mothers age)

total
children
ever born Freq. Percent Cum.

0 478 4.18 4.18


1 718 6.28 10.46
2 2,659 23.25 33.70
3 3,238 28.31 62.01
4 2,140 18.71 80.72
5 1,192 10.42 91.14
6 608 5.32 96.45
7 276 2.41 98.86
8 94 0.82 99.69
9 26 0.23 99.91
10 7 0.06 99.97
11 2 0.02 99.99
12 1 0.01 100.00

Total 11,439 100.00

Table#4 : Number of children ever born to the Respondent (Mother) whose


current age is greater than 30 yrs.
Inference:Frequency is more dispersed compared to table 2(Mothers age>30)
type of
place of
residence Freq. Percent Cum.

urban 2,307 20.17 20.17


rural 9,132 79.83 100.00

Total 11,439 100.00

Table#5 : Number of sample Respondents (Mother) based on place of


residence whose current age is greater than 30 yrs.
Inference:Region wise dispersion of the female respondents whose current
age is >30.

number of
children 5
and under
in
household
(de jure) Freq. Percent Cum.

0 8,388 73.33 73.33


1 2,045 17.88 91.21
2 826 7.22 98.43
3 147 1.29 99.71
4 20 0.17 99.89
5 10 0.09 99.97
6 3 0.03 100.00

Total 11,439 100.00

.
Table# 6 : Number of children<5 in a Household. for a respondent above
30 years of age

Figure # 1 : Number of children <5 in a household where the respondent’s


age is > 30 yrs
Inference:Visualizing pattern, A systematic heterogenity is observed
between 0,1 and 2 Years, Henceforth detecting a pattern.We might conquer
that there is a tendency to produce more than the replacement label
fertility.(I.e of 2.1 Years)

Figure # 2 : Number of children in a household where the respondent’s


age is > 30 yrs
Figure # 3 : Number of children in a household where the respondent’s
age is > 30 yrs. place of residence :Urban=1 and Rural=2
Inference:On the place of residence the rural density(4.5) is much
higher compared to that of urban(1.25).

Source | SS df MS Number of obs = 11,439


-------------+---------------------------------- F(3, 11435) = 403.56
Model | 2859.28411 3 953.094702 Prob > F = 0.0000
Residual | 27006.2534 11,435 2.36171871 R-squared = 0.0957
-------------+---------------------------------- Adj R-squared = 0.0955
Total | 29865.5375 11,438 2.61108039 Root MSE = 1.5368
(b)Highest Education Level(Female>30 yrs) in HH
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tot. children| Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
Education
primary | -.4038206 .0455502 -8.87 0.000 -.4931068 -.3145344
secondary | -.8735262 .033442 -26.12 0.000 -.9390782 -.8079741
higher | -1.816788 .0672694 -27.01 0.000 -1.948647 -1.684928
constant | 3.611164 .0193525 186.60 0.000 3.57323 3.649098
Table#6 : Number of children ever born in a Household (HH)conditional
to the highest level of education.The benchmark is HH with no
education.The respondent’s current age is >30yrs.
Inference:Impact of education level of Mother which is variable of
upward mobility i.e conditional birth of a child for a current age of
mother>30.(Conditional birth of child is about 3 children per women.)
Table6(B):Coefficent shows -ve sign as a level significant P-Value.Also
as education level increases coefficent has a higher magnitude. This
implies higher the education of mother has negative impact on child born.
This suggests a basic behavioural change as government invests more on
female education, child birth(relatively)decreases.
Source | SS df MS Number of obs = 1,720

-------------+---------------------------------- F(7, 1712) = 34.87

Model | 531.876998 7 75.9824283 Prob > F = 0.0000

Residual | 3730.05265 1,712 2.17876907 R-squared = 0.1248

-------------+---------------------------------- Adj R-squared = 0.1212

Total | 4261.92965 1,719 2.47930753 Root MSE = 1.4761

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

v201 | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------

Education(female)

primary | -.3943732 .1191848 -3.31 0.001 -.6281364 -.16061

secondary | -.7890056 .0968753 -8.14 0.000 -.9790121 -.5989991

higher | -1.591456 .190863 -8.34 0.000 -1.965805 -1.217107

Education(male)

primary | .1744675 .1184584 1.47 0.141 -.0578709 .406806

secondary | -.1947258 .0939712 -2.07 0.038 -.3790363 -.0104153

higher | -.3275326 .163149 -2.01 0.045 -.6475249 -.0075402

don't know | -.5034165 .4710786 -1.07 0.285 -1.427367 .4205339

Constant | 3.721754 .0640935 58.07 0.000 3.596045 3.847464

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table#7 : Number of children ever born in a Household (HH)conditional


to the highest level of education(Female & Male).The benchmark is HH
with no education.The female respondent’s current age is >30yrs.
Inference: Female education have more impact on child birth than Male
education.
Source | SS df MS Number of obs = 1,720

-------------+---------------------------------- F(11, 1708) = 22.91

Model | 547.939732 11 49.8127029 Prob > F = 0.0000

Residual | 3713.98992 1,708 2.17446717 R-squared = 0.1286

-------------+---------------------------------- Adj R-squared = 0.1230

Total | 4261.92965 1,719 2.47930753 Root MSE = 1.4746


------------------------------------------------------------------------------

v201 | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------

Education(female)

primary | -.3820925 .1201416 -3.18 0.001 -.6177327 -.1464523

secondary | -.7257633 .1009176 -7.19 0.000 -.9236984 -.5278283

higher | -1.448603 .1997025 -7.25 0.000 -1.84029 -1.056916

Education(male)

primary | .1846895 .1188591 1.55 0.120 -.0484352 .4178142

secondary | -.1707601 .0959113 -1.78 0.075 -.3588761 .017356

higher | -.2182388 .1694386 -1.29 0.198 -.5505678 .1140903

don't know | -.5032825 .4725095 -1.07 0.287 -1.430041 .4234759

State wealth index

poorer | .0979652 .1113529 0.88 0.379 -.1204372 .3163677

middle | -.0243527 .1179256 -0.21 0.836 -.2556466 .2069412

richer | -.0278215 .1220641 -0.23 0.820 -.2672323 .2115894

richest | -.2616003 .1432086 -1.83 0.068 -.542483 .0192825

constant | 3.70346 .0896264 41.32 0.000 3.527671 3.879249

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table#8 : Number of children ever born in a Household (HH)conditional


to the highest level of education(Female & Male)and with the lowestin
the wealth index within the state of Jharkhand.The benchmark is HH (male
& Female) with no education and the poorest in the index.The female
respondent’s current age is >30yrs.
Inference: Compared to the benchmark(poorest with no education)The
richest people has least child birth in average and education of female
has negative impact on child birth.

Regards,
Bhaskar Sinha(PSHE2215)
Avishkar Dhumal(PSHE2213)
Anushree Gupta(PSHE2209)

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