CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study.

Language is one of the media which cannot be separated from human life.

Humans use language in their speech, either spoken or written . Every person needs to

communicate with the other to get what they want. Because of that, communication

becomes main part in human life. Language makes people have more interaction to

convey their ideas, feeling, and thoughts.

In communication, people need a partner to understand and respond what

people‟s talk about. There are two communications. Such as spoken and written

communications.Spoken communication is when two or more parties communicate

verbally with words the compensation can be short range and long range. Spoken

conversation is a short range and communicating through a telephone or voice chat the

internet, dialog in the text book, drama, movie/film, comic, etc. The other type is

written communication. Written communication can happen in normal mail, e-mail, or

any other form of documented writing. The speech act makes an expression attitude it

makes some actions.

Pragmatic study howpeople comprehend and produce communication ofspeech

acts in a concrete speech act situation which is usually a conversation. The ability to

comprehend and produce a communicative act is called pragmatic competence which

often includes actor‟s knowledge, such as politeness and linguistic knowledge. Based on

definition if pragmatic study on purpose of utterance is done or what do utterance for.

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 In addition, studying pragmatics is quite interesting because this is a study of

utterance‟s meaning based on the context. Utterances are spoken, writing or gestured

contributions within a particular social context which take their meaning partly from the

context. Speech act is the study of how peopledo things with sentences. It is verbal

action happening in the world. When it is used speech act, people can do it something

with our words, people can make boasting, Swering, insisting, complaining, stating,

concluding, and many others.

Sherle(1976) mention tree types of speech acts; they are lectionary Act,

illocutionary Act, and perlocunary Act. The lectionary act is related to factual meaning

of the sentence that is the literal meaning of the actual words. While, the illocutionary

act refers to the speaker‟s intention in uttering the words based on the context. The last,

the perlocationary act refers to the effect this utterance has actions of the other person.

Illocutionary act is an act performed by a speaker by virtue of uttering certain

words, as for example the acts of promising, the listening, asking, informing, advising

and suggesting. When the human speak, their words do not have meaning. They are

very much affected by the situation, the speaker and the listener. The words alone do

not have a simple fixed meaning. Speech act theory is originated by Austinand

developed future by Searle. Searle (1976)identifies five illocutionary points. They are

assertive, directive, commisive, expressive and declarative.

In addition, he explains that an assertive is an illocutionary act which is influenced

by the speaker‟s belief: directive is an illocutionary act where the speaker wants the

hearer to do or not to do something:commisive is illocutionary act which commits the

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speaker to do the action in the future : expressive is an illocutionary act that expresses

his feelings about an even : and declarative is an illocutionary act which is uttered by

the speaker

Movie is one of media that reflects the social life of human. It concerns with

the daily condition. Movie depicts everyday happening that make them as mirrors to the

real world phenomena. It is actually a representation and reflection of the real

conversation is natural society. Although conversation in a movie is created or arrange

in planning situation, but the fact is every situation and the way people communicating

adapted from daily activity. Communication and movie becomes one representative the

phenomena of daily life as explained above, it is interesting to make a research about

speech act in movie. It could inform and educate people to know more speech act. Study

could increase our knowledge about speech act especially for English department

students. Therefore, the research is interested to conduct a research about speech act.

„’AN ANALYSIS ILLOCATIONARY ACT IN TAARE ZAMEEN PAR MOVIE ‘‟

1.2 Identification of the research

Based on the background of the study above, the researcher focused on the

representative in the movie. In the research, the researcher Choosed „‟Taare Zameen Par

„‟movie to research the sentence of Representative that propose by Searle.There are 5

theories according to Searle, such as declarative, commissive, representative, directive,

expressive.

Why the researcher choosed the „‟Taarre Zameen Par „‟ the writer of this

movie “Amole gupte” it is the family drama gendre of this movie and can be enjoyed by

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all ages, it is interesting to make a research about speech act in movie. It could inform

and educate. This movie told about the story of a dreamer, Ishaan, who went angry in

the classroom, until a new art teacher comes-breaks all the rigid rules and helps dyslexic

children find themselves.

1.3 Limitation of the research

Based on explanation above, in the research, the research focused on the

representative; the researcher limits the problem in the kinds of representative.

1.4 Research question

From the as stated before, the researcher formulated the research through the

following question;

1. What kinds of representative act found in Taare Zameen Par movie?

1.5 Objective of the research

Based on the problem above, the purpose of this research is to find out the

representative act intaare zameen par the movie.

1. To findkinds of representative acts found in Taare Zameen Par movie.

1.6 Significant of the research

By having this discussion, the research hoped the result of this research could

contribute some advantages. Some of the expectations were:

1. For the student

The researcher hoped this research would be useful for the student especially

for student of English study program at FKIP UIR to increase their

knowledge about pragmatic especially speech act and it might showed the

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 students the importance of studying pragmatic so they learned more in order

to be a good English teacher in the future.

2. For the lecture

The research expected this research could help the lecture to motivate the

students especially for students of English study program at FKIP UIR to

improve their knowledge about speech act and made the students interested

in pragmatic.

3. For the other research

The research expected this research could increase the knowledge of the

other research about speech act. Moreover, the researcherexpected this

research would be useful as referents for the other researchers who are going

to make a research about speech act.

1.7 Assumption

Based on the explanation above, the researcher assumed that there are so many

kinds of representative found in movie.

1.8 The definition of key Terms.

1. Analysis

Analysis is ssomething that studied by examining its parts ‟‟Oxford learner‟s

pocket dictionary (2005:13)

2. Representative Acts

Representative Acts is an act which word state what the speaker believes to the

case, such as the scribing, clamming, hypothesis, predating. (Searle‟s : 1976)

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 3. Movie

Movie is one of media that reflects the social life of human.

4. Taare zameen par

The story of a dreamer, Ishaan, who always goes angri in the classroom. Until a

new art teacher comes-breaks all the rigid rules and helps dyslexic children find

themselves.

1.9 Grand theories

The writer used some experts‟ theories to review the related literature. Some

experts such as George Yule (1996) explained about the definition of pragmatic.

Then, Searle (1979) told about the classification of speech act. And the category of

Representative act was also discussed by Searles‟ theory (1979) and also the

researcher uses the theories of Devitt (2006) and Wijana (2015) to saw the

categories of illocutionary verbs. So, in analyzing this research, the researcher

conducted the research based on theory proposed by John R. Searle. Hence, this

research was a pragmatic analysis of representative speech acts in Taree Zameen

Par based on John R. Searle‟s theory.

1.10 Research Methodology

The design of this research uses a qualitative method and the data is analyzed

description. It is the description about analysis of the research subject speech acts

utterances between research subject and other of this research. The researcher

directs analyze speech act utterances of the research subject in the middle school

movie by James Patterson.

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1.10.1 Method of the research

The design of this research use qualitative research. Qualitative research in the

research that research that dispose using analysis with qualitative approach

according to Rugaiyah 2016;6 qqualitative descriptive research is from qualitative

research. Qualitative descriptive is a method used to perform a phenomenon in the

field. Descriptive qualitative research is a method that describes and describes the

findings in the field. Qualitative descriptive method is simply describing the

situation or a research event with this method of action looking for or explaining

relationships, not testing hypotheses or making predictions. Qualitative descriptive

research is a research procedure that uses descriptive data in the form of written or

oral words from people and observers'

Based on the ideas above, the research conclude that the focus on qualitative

research. In this analysis there are no numbers interpret the data in this research, the

analysis conduct by using the descriptive method, becomes in the research

descriptive any information by gathering the utterance that were uttered by the main

character in Taare Zameen Par movie.

1.10.2The Source of Data

The source of the data is one of important thing in the research according

Ibrahim (2005:67)"Data sources are people, objects or objects that can provide data,

information, fact and reality related / relevant to what is reviewed or in carefully ''in

order analysis to analysis the representative act spoken by Taree Zameen Par movie,

the searcher use the data source both primary and secondary data which as follows:

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Primary data

According to Ibrahim (2005: 68 ) 'Primary data is all information related to facts

, realities and relevant with research where the relevance or relevance is very clear,

even directly.''Meaning that the data get from the source directly or first through the

appropriate sources and we make respondents in our research.

Secondary data

According to Ibrahim (2005:68 )'' The data secondary is a misalignment, the

facts and the reality that are also linked to the data by the research, the name is not true,

nor is it clear to the relevance.

Secondary data that is available so just search and collect data. Secondary data can be

easily obtained because it is available; in general the secondary data in the form of

evidence records or history reports that has been compiled and usually can get in the

company and in the government office

1.10.3 The research instrument

The instrument of the research was documentation. Documentation applied in

this research because the source of the analysis is writer material which a movie script

ofTaare Zameen Par Movie. The researcher used the script as the sauce of the data and

herself as main research though reading, identifying, and collecting Taree Zameen Par

utterance and making it as data based on Searle‟ taxonomy theory of representative

illocutionary acts.

1.10.4 The data collecting technique

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 Data collecting technique in a reserch is a part of methodology reserch. So,

according to putra (2014:37), data collecting tecniques, as well as of the object.

Therefore, documentation is used collecting data. Data collecting method is the method

that is used to collect or to get data.

In this research, there are saveral steps in collecting data. The steps are:

1. Taking Taree Zameen Par movie and script.

2. Watching the movie while reading the scrips and take some notes to construct

the analysis based on the data obtained.

3. Collecting data by finding Taree Zameen Par utterance in the movie script.

4. Selecting utterances of Taree Zameen Par that contains with representative acts.

1.10.5 The data Analysis Technique

In this reserach the resercher did several steps on analyzing the data as follows:

1. Collecting : The resercher collected the data (all of Paare Zameen Par

utterances ) from the movie scripst of „taare zameen par.

2. Selecting : The resercher selected the utterances spoken by the

“Taare Zameen Par “ movie into kinds of representative.

3. Classifiying : After selected the uttersances, the resercher classified the

utterances into kinds of representstive .

4. Analyzing and Describing : After csllsiyied the uttarences, the resecher

analyzed and described the context of representative spoken by the movie

“Taare Zameen Par‟‟.

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No INDICATOR DESCRIPTIONS
REPRESENTATIVE

1. Calling A words reffering to a fashion taboo. Like a

context,vocebulary,name,call,
2. Complaining Context, verbs, speak out,carp,object.

3. Swearing Context, verbs, promise, vow, assert, maintain,

contend, stress, give one word.
4. Suggesting Context, verbs, recomended, suggest,
prompt,propese, suggest, argue, move, indicate, vots.
5. Concluding Context, verb, conclude, dedulese sum up, stack up
end, round off, cluse, shut down, seul, be over.
6. Stating Context, verbs, Decluse, state, claim, assert, say, tell,
mention, explain,confrim, express, give.
7. Insisting Context, verbs, insert, stick out.

8. Boasting Context, verbs, boast, brag, spout, glory, show off,

fight, prate, make poud, tlak.
9. Hipothazing Context, verbs, hipothazing.

10. Deducing Context, verbs, conclude, resume, stack up, sum up

recapitulate.

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