Engineering Mechanical Practical

1. Objectives
To determine the mass moment of inertia of the flywheel (assuming frictionless bearing)

2. Theory
Conservative force and potential energy

Conservative Force

If the work of a force is independent of the path and depends only on the force’s initial andd final position on the
path, then we can classify this force as a conservative force.

Energy

Energy is defined as the capacity for doing work. For example, if a particle is originally at rest, then the principle
of work and energy states that ∑ U1 to 2 = T2. In other work, kinetic energy is equal to work that must be done on
the particle to bring it from a state of rest to a speed V. Thus, kinetic energy is a measure of the particle’s
capacity to do work, which is associated with the motion of the particle. When energy comes from the position
of the particle, measured from a fixedd datum or reference plane, it is called potential energy. Thus, potential
energy is a measure of the amount of work a conservative forces will do when it moves from a given position to
the datum

Gravtional potential energy

If a particle is located at a distance h above the datum as shown in fig. Since particle’s weight W has positive
gravitational potential energy,Vg because W has the capacity of doing the positve work when the particle is
moved back down to the datum. But for this experiment, W is located at the datum and Vg is negaive since the
particle move away down from the datum.

Vg = -Wh ---------- (1)

Datum
Vg = 0

Vg = -Wh

Kinetic Energy

Rotation About a Fixed Axis

When a rigid body rotates about a fixed axis passing through point O the body has both translational and
rotational kinetic energy

1 +1
T = mv G2 I Gω 2 ---------- (2)
2 2
The body’s kinetic energy may also be formulated for this case by noting that v G = r Gω so that T = ½(IG
+ mrG2) ω2. By the parallel-axis theorem, the terms inside the parentheses represent the moment of inertia IO of
the body about an axis perpendicular to the plane of motion and passing through point O. So

1
T = I Oω2 ---------- (3)
2
Conservation of energy

When a particle is acted upon by a system of both conservative forces and nonconservative forces, the portion of
the work done by the conservative forces can be written in terms of difference in their potential energy. As a
result , the principle of work and energy can be written

Represents the work of nonconservative forces acting on the particle. For this experiment, we neglect all the
nonconservative forces

T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 ---------- (4)

System of particles

If a system of particles is subjected only to conservative forces, then an equation can be written for the particles.
Here, the sum of the system’s initial kinetic and potential energies is equal to the sum of the system’s final
kinetic and potential energies.

∑ T1 + ∑ V1 = ∑ T2 + ∑ V2 ---------- (5)

For this experiment, ∑ T1 = 0 since it is start from the rest and ∑ V1 = 0 the weight is placed at the datum

Flywheel and weight initial position

Flywheel and weight final position

So , conservation of energy will be

0 = ∑ T2 + ∑ V2 ---------- (6)

∑ T2 is Flywheel’s kinetic energy and subsitute into (6)

1 +1
0= mv G2 I Gω 2 – mgh ---------- (7)
2 2
Since v G = rω

1 +1
0= m(r ω)2 I Gω 2 – mgh ---------- (8)
2 2

Flywheel’s Moment of Inertia

I G¿−mr 2+¿ 2mgy / ω 2 ---------- (9)

From kinematic equation

ω=ω0 + αt

1 2
y= y 0 + v 0t + at
2

y 0 = 0 , ω 0 = 0 since it’s start from the rest,

ω 1
α= , y= at 2
t 2

Since a = rα

2y
ω=
rt
Subtitute it in (9)

1
I G¿ mr 2¿2 −1 ¿ ---------- (10)
2y
Torque pulley radius, r = 0.02 m

1
Theoretical mass moment of inertia ¿ m f rf2
2

Flywheel radius, rf = 0.125 m Flywheel Mass, mf = 15.04 kg

Ring outer radius, ror = 0.125 m Ring Mass, mr = 3.75 kg

Ring inner radius, rir = 0.18 m

Disc outer radius, rod = 0.18 m Ring Mass, mr = 3.60 kg

Ring inner radius, rir = 0.04 m